các hình thức kỹ thuật so sánh

... truyền hình mặt đất, truyền hình cáp, truyền hình vệ tinh kênh truyền hình riêng tới khách hàng Các kênh truyền hình thu từ nguồn thu khác nhau, bao gồm: - Các kênh truyền hình analog quốc gia - Các ... SVTH: Lê Thanh Nghị 26 Chương CÁC GIẢI PHÁP KỸ THUẬT PHÁT TRIỂN HỆ THỐNG TRUYỀN HÌNH TRÊN MẠNG xDSL Nguyên tắc lựa chọn giải pháp kỹ thuật, công nghệ dựa giải pháp kỹ thuật phù hợp với thực trạng ... dung hình ảnh giải mã) Các kỹ thuật này, với nhiều kỹ thuật khác, làm cho H.264 hoạt động tốt so với tiêu chuẩn trước, nhiều trường hợp môi trường ứng dụng khác H.264 thường làm việc tốt nhiều so...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2017, 16:24

... sinh lao động Bảo vệ tài sản bí mật cơng nghệ, kinh doanh ◦ Các hành vi vi phạm pháp luật lao động ◦ Các quy định khác Nội dung  Các hình thức kỷ luật ◦ Kỷ luật để ngăn ngừa ◦ Kỷ luật khiển trách ... xã hội Mục tiêu Định hướng cách thức làm việc  Tạo ý thức tự kỷ luật  Tạo trật tự, kỷ cương tổ chức  Nâng cao trách nhiệm  Tạo sở tuân thủ pháp luật  Nội dung  Các quy định trách nhiệm thực ...  Các hình thức Nhóm cán bộ, cơng chức  Nhóm người làm việc theo chế độ hợp đồng  Nhóm cán bộ, cơng chức  Điều 39 – Pháp lệnh CBCC ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Khiển trách Cảnh cáo Hạ bậc lương Hạ ngạch Cách...

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2013, 14:12

... số hướng dẫn nguyên tắc nghiên cứu SSGD Bài Các cách tiếp cận nghiên cứu GDSS Bài Kỹ thuật SSGD Bài SSGD mét sè n­íc Tµi liƯu häc tËp: - Giáo dục so sánh (chương 5) - Kinh nghiệm thành tựu phát ... n­íc ta 1995-2000 1b Số sv châu lục 20 15 10 2a-b So sánh TLđh tỉnh Kenya (1965-1976) East West North III So sánh, trình bày diễn tả số liệu (tiếp) Các dạng sơ đồ/ biểu đồ: BĐ phẳng (surfaces) tròn ... bậc học châu Chú ý: Số cặp số liệu không nên nhiều, khó so sánh, nên tách thành nhiều sơ đồ III So sánh, trình bày diễn tả số liệu (tiếp) Các dạng sơ đồ/ biểu đồ: BĐ dải (bandes) 5: Thành phần...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2013, 01:25

... Hình 1a Gói MUX truyền tải MPEG-2 Hình 1b Gói truyền tải ngẫu nhiên hoá: Các byte đồng (Sync) Dãy ngẫu nhiên hố R Hình 1c Gói chống lỗi Reed-Solomon RS (204,188, T=8) Hình 1d Khung ... chùm hình Góc phần tư MSB 00 10 11 Quay LSB 01  /2    Thiết bị thu phải hỗ trợ điều chế 64-QAM Ik Qk hai MSB góc phần tư Hình Biểu đồ hình cho 16-QAM, 32-QAM 64-QAM Hình Biểu đồ hình cho ... MPEG-2 ngẫu nhiên hoá theo cấu hình miêu tả hình vẽ Đa thức dùng phát thứ tự nhị phân ngẫu nhiên giả (PRBS) là: 1+x14+x15 Quá trình tải dãy “100101010000000” vào ghi PRBS, hình vẽ 3, bắt đầu điểm đầu...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 16:15

... luminance, or some converted or corrupted physical representation of the luminance, whereas in a color imaging system, F ( x, y, t ) signifies one of the tristimulus values, or some function ... invariant (isoplanatic) if its impulse response depends only on the factors x – ξ and y – η In an optical system, as shown in Figure 1.2-2, this implies that the image of a point source in the ... sometimes be modeled successfully on the basis of the physics of the process or histogram measurements For example, the first-order probability density of random noise from an electronic sensor...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... each of the light sources will perceive the sources differently Sunlight appears as an extremely bright yellowish-white light, while the tungsten light bulb appears less bright and somewhat yellowish ... in some color solid, as shown in Figure 2.1-3 The Munsell system of color classification actually has a form similar in shape to this figure (3) However, to be quantitatively useful, a color solid ... H Malitson, “The Solar Energy Spectrum,” Sky and Telescope, 29, 4, March 1965, 162–165 Munsell Book of Color, Munsell Color Co., Baltimore M H Pirenne, Vision and the Eye, 2nd ed., Associated...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... standard sources of light, as illustrated in Figure 3.1-2 (4) Source SA is a tungsten filament lamp Over the wavelength band 400 to 700 nm, source SB approximates direct sunlight, and source SC ... found that perfect color matches sometimes cannot be obtained at either very high or very low levels of illumination Also, the color matching results depend to some extent on the spectral composition ... 1959, 1435–1442 H H Malitson, “The Solar Energy Spectrum,” Sky and Telescope, 29, 4, March 1965, 162–165 R D Larabee, “Spectral Emissivity of Tungsten,” J Optical of Society America, 49, 6, June...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... x, y ) over some finite resolution cell In the scanning system of Figure 4.2-1, the integration is inherently performed on the photodetector surface The image sample value of the resolution cell ... loss of resolution of the sampled image As a result, there is a trade-off between sampled image resolution and aliasing error Consideration is now given to the aliasing error versus resolution ... prefilters provide about the same results, while the diffraction-limited lens yields a somewhat greater loss in resolution for the same aliasing error level A defocused lens would give even poorer...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... – If the image source is statistically stationary, the first-order probability distribution of Eq 5.4-6 will be the same for all vector components q Furthermore, if the image source is ergodic, ... Press, Berkeley, CA, 1958 L D Davisson, private communication M N Huhns, “Optimum Restoration of Quantized Correlated Signals,” USCIPI Report 600, University of Southern California, Image Processing ... Separable v u (b) Circularly symmetric FIGURE 5.3-3 Power spectral densities of Markov process sources; N = 256, log magnitude displays 5.4 IMAGE PROBABILITY DENSITY MODELS A discrete image array...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... effect, the physical color solid is enclosed in a rectangular solid, which is then divided into rectangular quantization cells If the source tristimulus values are converted to some other coordinate ... Assuming that an image sensor produces an output pixel sample proportional to the image intensity, a question of concern then is: Should the image intensity itself, or some function of the image ... been some question as to the linearity and calibration of the imaging system As noted in Section 3.5.3, most television cameras and monitors exhibit a nonlinear response to light intensity Also,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... spatial extent This means that an output image pixel is influenced by input image pixels only within some finite area L × L neighborhood of the corresponding output image pixel The output coordinates ... centered superposition with a × impulse response array In digital computers and digital image processors, it is often convenient to restrict the input and output arrays to be of the same dimension ... perform the computation of all of the impulse response elements as if the missing pixels are of some constant value If the constant value is zero, the result is called centered, zero padded superposition...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... continuous sinusoids only for low frequencies; in fact, the 190 UNITARY TRANSFORMS FIGURE 8.2-1 Fourier transform basis functions, N = 16 highest-frequency basis function is a square wave Also, there ... degrees of support, 6, 8, 10, , by straightforward extension of Eq 8.4-13 (29) Daubechies also has also constructed another family of wavelets, called coiflets, after a suggestion of Coifman (29) ... (8.1-13b) 188 UNITARY TRANSFORMS –1 –1 where B C = A C and BR = A R Separable unitary transforms can also be expressed in a hybrid series–vector space form as a sum of vector outer products Let a C (...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... transformation, and also the kernel T ( u 1, u ; w 1, w ) must be reasonably sparse; that is, it must contain many zero elements The generalized linear filtering process can also be defined in terms ... The source image of Figure 9.3-3 is 512 × 512 pixels The source image of Figure 9.3-2 is 502 × 502 pixels It has been obtained by truncating the bottom 10 rows and right 10 columns of the source ... advantage of Fourier domain processing diminishes Also, there are attendant problems of computational 228 LINEAR PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FIGURE 9.3-5 Comparison of direct and Fourier domain processing...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... might represent a valid signal pulse for a widebandwidth sensor, and the resultant image would suffer some loss of resolution Thus, in some cases the median filter will provide noise suppression, ... with two overlapping apertures, one at normal resolution and the other at a lower spatial resolution, which upon sampling produces normal and low-resolution images F ( j, k ) and F L ( j, k ), respectively ... difference between the normal and lowresolution images, where c is a weighting constant Typically, c is in the range 3/5 to 5/6, so that the ratio of normal to low-resolution components in the masked...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 09:17

... mirrors, prisms, and so on, can be considered to provide a deterministic transformation of an input spatial light distribution to some output spatial light distribution Also, the system concept ... approaches to the solution of 11.4-1 or 11.4-2 are described in the following chapters Unfortunately, general solutions have not been found; recourse must be made to specific solutions for less ... sensor responds nonlinearly to its input intensity, and the sensor amplifier introduces additive Gaussian noise independent of the image field The physical image digitizer that follows may also...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 15:20

... correction methodology The sensor input is a point light distribution function C that is converted to a binary number B for eventual entry into a computer or digital processor In some imaging applications, ... usually measured by isolating the image of a suspected object within a picture By definition, the blur impulse response is the image of a point-source object Therefore, a point source in the observed ... Numerical Solution of Certain Integral Equations of the First Kind,” J Association for Computing Machinery, 9, 1964, 84-97 35 A N Tikonov, “Regularization of Incorrectly Posed Problems,” Soviet...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 15:20

... j, k ) from a rectangular source array F ( p, q ) of the same size results in two types of ambiguity: some pixels of F ( p, q ) will map outside of G ( j, k ); and some pixels of G ( j, k ) will ... are some disadvantages to two-pass rotation Two-pass rotation causes loss of high spatial frequencies of an image because of the intermediate scaling step (5), as seen in Figure 13.1-4b Also, ... free variable z i results in various solutions for ( X, Y, Z ), all of which lie along a line from ( x i, y i ) in the image plane through the lens center Solving for the free variable z i in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 15:20

... is also symmetric because of some of the conditional mark patterns of Table 14.3-2, which are necessary to ensure that objects of even dimension shrink to a single pixel For the same reason, ... is set to some desired binary state For a pattern mismatch (miss), the output pixel is set to the opposite binary state For example, to perform simple binary noise cleaning, if the isolated × ... directions: north, northeast, and so on: NW W SW N X S NE E SE Pixel X is said to be four-connected to a neighbor if it is a logical and if its east, north, west, or south ( X 0, X 2, X4, X6 ) neighbor...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 15:20

... arrays This figure also defines two other sets of gain-normalized impulse response arrays proposed by Robinson (12), called the Robinson three-level operator and the Robinson five-level operator, ... Prewitt (b) Sobel (c) Frei−Chen FIGURE 15.2-5 Prewitt, Sobel, and Frei–Chen gradients of the peppers_mon image FIRST-ORDER DERIVATIVE EDGE DETECTION 455 corresponding factor for a Sobel edge ... gradient Prewitt orthogonal gradient Sobel orthogonal gradient Prewitt compass template gradient Kirsch template gradient Robinson three-level template gradient Robinson five-level template gradient...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 15:20

... Histogram Features TEXTURE FEATURES (a) Laplacian, sand (b) Sobel, sand (c) Laplacian, raffia 537 (d ) Sobel, raffia FIGURE 16.6-5 Laplacian and Sobel gradients of Brodatz texture fields 16.6.5 Dependency ... notion of texture appears to depend upon three ingredients: (1) some local 'order' is repeated over a region which is large in comparison to the order's size, (2) the order consists in the nonrandom ... correlation functions used in the texture field comparison tests described below Figures 16.5-5 and 16.5-6 contain examples of Gaussian texture field comparison tests In Figure 16.5-5, the first-order densities...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 15:20