brief historical accounts of theories and methods

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 03:20

... theories of programming and formal methods for software engineering He is particularly associated with Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP), the theory of data refinement and the laws of programming, ... significant and wide-ranging contributions to the theories of programming and formal software engineering methods To celebrate his 70th birthday, we present three LNCS volumes in his honor • Theories of ... consists of a set of system traces, each of which is a collection of functions of time, expressing the value of each machine variable over the duration of a system run (In the case of HyEvBMch,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:14

... University of York, where he is also Professor of Software Engineering His research interests in software engineering include methods and tools for specification, refinement, and proofs of correctness ... Unifying Theories of Programming in Isabelle This course is given by Jim Woodcock and Simon Foster and it introduces the two most basic theories in Hoare and He’s Unifying Theories of Programming and ... Design and verification of reactive programs are challenging and the scalability of the techniques and tools is fundamental The key to scalability is compositionality and reuse of design, proofs and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2014, 16:22

... concept of concordance and discordance which informally says that a pair of random variables are concordant if large values of one tend to be associated with large values of the other and small ... estimates the standard error of the parameter estimate by the empirical standard deviation of the B replications The result is called the bootstrap estimate of standard error and is evaluated ... Value-atRisk and related measures of risk (expected shortfall, volatility) for major equity market indices using standard methods as well as the most recent state -of- the-art methods The analysis of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 20:00

... OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON OF BASIC ICA METHODS methods In some cases, however, the algorithm and the estimation principle may be difficult to separate The properties of the ICA method depend on both of ... analysis G 278 OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON OF BASIC ICA METHODS b bx First, note that the robustness of ^ depends also on the method of estimation used in constraining the variance of ^ T to equal unity, ... is the value of for whitened data Several robust estimators of the variance of ^ T or of the covariance matrix of are presented in the literature; see reference [163] The robustness of the estimator...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:19

... the sample bottles and, if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well EPA Methods 330.4 and 330.5 may be used for measurement of residual chlorine.9 ... ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3694-78 “Standard Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents,” American Society for Testing and Materials, ... calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask To each calibration standard,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... and 6.7 It is recommended that the secondary dilution standard be prepared at a concentration of 15 µg/mL of each internal standard compound The addition of 10 µL of this standard to 5.0 mL of ... concentration of the stock standard Optionally, stock standard solutions may be prepared using the pure standard material by volumetrically measuring the appropriate amounts and determining the weight of ... program The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... funds, and personal trusts Supplementary tables (tables F.100.a and L.100.a) show estimates of annual flows and year-end outstandings of nonprofit organizations (2) See table F.10 for derivation of ... quarter, the value of corporate equities and mutual funds owned by households expanded $800 billion and the value of real estate owned by households increased about $370 billion Growth of Domestic Nonfinancial ... Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) F.225.i 124 L.225.i 125 Flow of Funds Matrix for 2011 126 127 Flow of Funds Accounts, Third Quarter 2012 This publication presents the Flow of Funds Accounts for...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 09:20

... and the library, he has had the opportunity of applying it and of seeing its results as a civic leader and a holder of public of ce, and that to his studies in economics he adds a knowledge of ... Table of Contents Money and Credit Direct and indirect exchange Barter and money The history of money Monetary theories The money market Credit and interest Inflation and deflation The price of money ... fragmentation of economic and political groups ended by strangulating general economic life and producing internal misery and external war The example of Holland led Queen Elizabeth of England to grant...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... The addition of 10 µL of this solution of mL of sample or standard is equivalent to a concentration of 30 µg/L of each surrogate standard 6.8 BFB Standard—Prepare a 25 µg/mL solution of BFB in methanol ... 51, and 86 101 103 96 61 and 98 63 65, 83, 85, 98, and 100 96 61 and 98 83 85 98 62, 64, and 100 97 99, 117, and 119 117 119 and 121 127 83, 85, and 129 112 63, 65, and 114 75 77 130 95, 97, and ... 15-40% of Mass 95 30-60% of Mass 95 Base Peak, 100% Relative Abundance 5-9% of Mass 95 50% of Mass 95 5-9% of Mass 174 >95% but 101% of Mass 174 5-9% of Mass 176 Table...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... the time of collection until extraction Fill the sample bottles and, if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well EPA Methods 330.4 and 330.5 ... “Microdetermination of Derivatives of Phenols and Mercaptans by Means of Electron Capture Gas Chromatography,” Analytical Chemistry, 40, 1009 (1968) ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3694-78 “Standard ... known constant amount of one or more internal standards, and dilute to volume with 2-propanol One of the standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... (BBT), University of Twente, Netherlands He is chair of Policy and Knowledge and editor-in-chief of Beleidswetenschap His key research interests are in methods of policy analysis and science/policy ... origins and evolution of the field The first of three chapters in this part by Peter deLeon and Danielle Vogenbeck, who offer a survey of the development of the field—its successes and failures and ... David H Rosenbloom, Katherine C Naff, and Albert C Hyde 93 Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by Ali Farazmand 94 Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 06:21

... VIII Of The Four Methods Of Experimental Inquiry  Chapter IX Miscellaneous Examples Of The Four Methods  Chapter X Of Plurality Of Causes, And Of The Intermixture Of Effects  Chapter XI Of The ... XII Of The Explanation Of Laws Of Nature  Chapter XIII Miscellaneous Examples Of The Explanation Of Laws Of Nature  Chapter XIV Of The Limits To The Explanation Of Laws Of Nature; And Of Hypotheses ... partisans of Hartley and of Reid, of Locke and of Kant, may meet and join hands Particular and detached opinions of all these thinkers will no doubt occasionally be controverted, since all of them...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 13:20

... development of the GDP measure by the Department of Alan B Krueger is the Bendheim Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Princeton University Daniel Kahneman is a senior scholar and professor of ... Chair and is associate dean and a professor of management at the Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego Norbert Schwarz is the Charles Horton Cooley Collegiate Professor of ... Sandburg 1.1 Introduction The development of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) was arguably the foremost contribution of economics in the last century, and the National Bureau of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 12:20

... levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask and diluting to volume with mobile phase One of the external standards should be at a ... calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask To each calibration standard, ... known constant amount of one or more internal standards, and dilute to volume with mobile phase One of the standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... the time of collection until extraction Fill the sample bottles and, if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well EPA Methods 330.4 and 330.5 ... calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask To each calibration standard, ... a known constant amount of one or more internal standards, and dilute to volume with hexane One of the standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... Contents of Volume Validation of European standard (CEN) methods Scope and format of CEN methods CEN requirements for widely accepted multi-matrix/multi-residue methods Requirements for (newer) methods ... procedures of the Nordic countries Validation of official methods in Germany The problem of appropriate documentation of validation data of multi-matrix/multi-residue methods Summary and conclusion ... with limited scope Assessment and documentation of validation results Validation of official methods of EU member states Overview of existing method collections and validation requirements Single-laboratory...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 03:20

... RADIOM~RY l M~HODS and S~bbaram Szekielda * SATELLITE Tsang, Kong, and Shin * THEORY DETECTION OF OF SEA ICE AND BY MICROWAVE DESCRIPTION IMAGING OF RADAR CROSS TECHNIQUES OF THE EARTH OF MICROWAVE ... ICEBERGS Haykin and Steinhardt ESTIMATION OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: OF ELECTROMAGN~I~ OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications ... spheres and spheroids In Chapter 3, we begin the study of electromagnetic scattering by a random collection of scatterers The concepts of fluctuating fields and ensemble averaging are of central...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:40