biosynthesis of cellulose amp 8211 chitosan composite

... dome shape) roof structure as shown by the pictorial view of skylight dome in Figure 13 shows the schematic diagram of dome shape skylight rooms There are three numbers of dome shape roof structure ... area of room under big dome (Af, m2) Floor area of room under small dome (Af, m2) Total area of glazing (Ag, m2) for big dome Total area of glazing (Ag, m2) for small dome Transmittance of glazing ... because of the higher values of solar radiation and luminous efficacy The maximum horizontal diffuse illuminance is found in July months because of overcast conditions due to monsoons Graphs of illuminance...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... Biosynthesis of riboflavin – generation of an improved cyclohydrolase II M Lehmann et al C D A B E Fig Pathway of riboflavin biosynthesis (A) GTP cyclohydrolase II (B) Sequence of deaminase, ... that the first reaction step of the enzyme-catalyzed trajectory is the covalent guanylation of the enzyme under release of pyrophosphate [12] Carbon of the purine system of intermediate is then hydrolytically ... range of three- to four-fold, compared with that of the wildtype protein Notably, the steady-state parameters of the B subtilis wild-type protein were similar to those of GTP cyclohydrolase II of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... is different in all of the tetrameric PDCs of known three-dimensional structure Binding of the cofactors ThDP and Mg2+ The homo-tetrameric IPDC binds four molecules of the cofactors ThDP and Mg2+ ... free of cofactors A molecular mass of 60 000 Da per subunit resulted from SDS/PAGE, which corresponded to the value calculated from the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene The identity of ... content of 45% The structure of IPDC was solved by molecular replacement using a dimer of ZmPDC as an initial search model and refined to final Rfree/ R-values of 23.6%/20.5% The stereochemistry of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... in the biosynthesis of the aminonucleoside moiety of A201A Here we report the sequencing of a total of 6946 bp, which include the ata genes most likely implicated in the biosynthesis of this ... identical to those of the similar genes of the pur cluster In Actinomycetes, this approach has led to the functional characterization of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of a variety of antibiotics ... variety of these enzymes synthesize 4-keto-6-deoxy-GDP-D-mannose, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of many deoxyhexoses as GDP-D-rhamnose [31,32], which is a moiety of A201A Upstream of ata12...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... causing activation of AMPK making an involvement of sphingolipid signalling unlikely Phosphorylation of Thr172 within AMPK a-subunits was a significant feature of the activation of AMPK by fatty acids ... antiphospho-ACC Ig or antiphospho-AMPK primary Ig Following measurement of phosphorylation of Thr172 within AMPK a-subunits (P-T172) blots were stripped to measure total abundance of AMPK a-subunits The membranes ... omitted from these assays Activation of a-2 AMPK by these fasting concentrations of NEFA was also seen in assays with AMP By contrast, with AMP present, a-1 AMPK appeared to be insensitive to palmitate...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... The biosynthesis of mangostin: the origin of the xanthone skeleton J Chem Soc Chem Commun., 619–620 12 Bennet, G.J., Lee, H.-H & Das, N.P (1990) Biosynthesis of mangostin Part 1: the origin of ... spectrum of a sample from the experiment with [1-13C]glucose Asterisks indicate signals from impurities Table NMR data of 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone samples isolated from root cultures of S chirata ... fragment of phosphoenolpyruvate after decarboxylation (in blue) (Fig 1) Ó FEBS 2003 Biosynthesis of 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (Eur J Biochem 270) 2955 Fig Labelling pattern of the B and C ring of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... trichloroacetic acid, and the supernatant Ó FEBS 2002 Biosynthesis of riboflavin (Eur J Biochem 269) 523 Fig Sequence alignment of lumazine synthases Elements of secondary structure found in S cerevisiae ... absorption spectrum of the complex differed substantially from that of free riboflavin in several respects The absorption band of riboflavin at 370 nm showed a bathochromic shift of about 20 nm (Fig ... case of the W27Y mutant, the absorption and CD spectra of the riboflavin/enzyme complex differed substantially from those of the wild-type protein (Figs and 4B) Whereas the general shape of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... Luffa cells (A) Time course of accumulation of bryonolic acid and total sterol in cultured Luffa cells Mean of three replicates Bar indicates SD (B) Time course of levels of isomultiflorenol synthase ... was compared with that of the cycloartenol synthase responsible for sterol biosynthesis in cultured Luffa cells, which showed sophisticated regulation of triterpenoid biosynthesis M AT E R I ... contents of bryonolic acid and total sterols were calculated from the peak area of their trimethylsilylated products relative to that of the internal standard Sterol content was the total content of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... of the biosynthesis of DIMs and PGLs, the in vivo functions of these FadD proteins in this pathway remain to be established and ⁄ or completed For instance, the involvement of FadD26 in the biosynthesis ... and PGL biosynthesis [9], and the presence of lower amounts of PpsA–E in the bacterial cell would decrease the production rates of both classes of lipids In such a case, introduction of a wild-type ... production of PGL-tb (Fig 4B) A close examination of the DIM + PGL locus organization revealed that fadD29 is located upstream of Rv2949c, a gene required for the biosynthesis of p-HBA, a precursor of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... Neral has the basic skeleton of most of the mite monoterpenes Because of this, neral is thought to be a key compound in the monoterpene biosynthesis of mites Neral is one of the most widely distributed ... oxidation of geraniol is one of the key steps in the production of neral [12] The low amount of the enzyme may be due to its specific role in alarm pheromone biosynthesis Citral, a mixture of neral ... activity with farnesol Oxidation of farnesol is related to the biosynthesis of insect juvenile hormone [28,29] As far as we know, there is no report of the presence of farnesal and its related compounds...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... (based on the concentration of 1) during a period of 24 h at 37 °C, irrespective of the presence or absence of IspC Using an equilibrium mixture of [U-13C5]-1 and of the component resonating ... absence of any detectable excess of the 13C13C coupling satellites beyond the natural abundance level for the signals of C-3 and C-4 of a hypothetical product 1c The hypothetical positions of the ... absence of fragment exchange, where they reflect the presence of about 1.1% 13C in those carbon atoms of the reactant that were not labeled On the basis of the quantitative evaluation of the 13...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... observed in the biosynthesis of colneleic acid (Table 1, Fig 2) Stereospecificity of hydrogen eliminations from C8 in the biosynthesis of colneleic acid isomers Stereospecificity of hydrogen eliminations ... [22] and prostacyclin synthase [22] In the case of divinyl ether biosynthesis, the initial step is believed to consist of cleavage of the O-O bond of the hydroperoxide to provide an alkoxy radical, ... Helmkamp GK & Rickborn BF (1957) Stereochemistry of some lithium aluminium deuteride reductions J Org Chem 22, 479–482 16 Hamberg M & Samuelsson B (1967) On the mechanism of the biosynthesis of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... polymer -cellulose composites and paper 56 4.4 Interactions between cellulose and chitosan 61 4.4.1 Effect of pH on the adsorption of chitosan 61 4.4.2 Adhesion between chitosan and cellulose ... examination of the molecular level interactions between cellulose and chitosan in Paper V Adsorption of chitosan on a cellulose model surface and the viscoelastic properties of the cellulose/ chitosan ... II, cellulose III, and cellulose IV, that are not native forms of cellulose but formed upon chemical processing Cellulose III and IV are mainly of scientific interest, but cellulose II is of technical...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... because of the densification of the gel during annealing process [25] The lengths of the nanowires are up to tens of microns, corresponding to the thickness of the AAO template The surface of the ... shows the SEM images of the SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays after removing part of the alumina membrane Figs (a) and (b) are the top view and side view of the as-prepared samples The nanowires ... SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires because of the confinement of the AAO template pores The high annealing temperature caused high crystalline of tetragonal SnO2 and rhombohedral ɑ-Fe2O3 The diameters of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:08

... representative spectra are shown here am, signal of amorphous zone; C1–C6, assignment of carbon signals of cellulose (A) or cellulose and hemicellulose (B); cr, signal of crystalline zone; OAc, O-acetyl groups; ... degradation by analysis of the culture medium The degradation of cellulose and wheat straw by R albus 20 was monitored by analysis of the components solubilized in samples of culture medium (taken ... However, the comparison of the degree of degradation of both substrates after the same cultivation time showed a higher efficiency of F succinogenes S85 (Fig 3) Monitoring of cellulose and wheat straw...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... relative mass of 42 kDa as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry afforded a relative mass of 41 870 Da, in close agreement with the calculated mass of 41 971 Da ... activities of 6.6 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 (Table 4) were found with Ca2+ Ni2+ and Cu2+ could not serve as cofactors The Km value for was 19 lM (Table 4) A systematic analysis of the genomic localization of ispD ... and may form part of an operon In all cases of fused ispD and ispF domains as well as of directly linked ispD and ispF genes, the ispD module is invariably located at the 5¢ end of the ensemble...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... expression of GPV as measured by flow cytometry (Fig 1A), despite selection of a strongly expressing clone by a series of amplifications in the presence of increasing concentrations of methotrexate ... the biosynthesis of platelet GPV, a subunit of the GPIb–V–IX Ó FEBS 2004 Biosynthesis of platelet glycoprotein V (Eur J Biochem 271) 3675 Fig Surface expression and intracellular processing of ... inefficient biosynthesis of GPV as CHO/GPV cells were submitted to extensive gene amplification with methotrexate resulting in a 80-fold increase in concentrations of soluble GPV Amplification of GPV...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Construction of an expression plasmid for modified lumazine synthase of Bacillus subtilis Fig Terminal reactions in the pathway of riboflavin biosynthesis The coding region of the ribH gene of B subtilis ... Escherichia coli of a deaminase and a reductase involved in biosynthesis of riboflavin J Bacteriol 136, 657–667 Hollander, I & Brown, G.M (1979) Biosynthesis of riboflavin: reductase and deaminase of Ashbya ... terminal reaction steps of the riboflavin biosynthesis, thus producing riboflavin from one molecule of structure and two molecules of structure The unusual molecular topology of that enzyme complex...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... Replacement of any of the three cysteine residues in GTP cyclohydrolase II resulted in proteins that were devoid of zinc within the limit of experimental accuracy (Table 3) The conversion of GTP into ... antimicrobial and antiprotozoal spectrum of activity Later, trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, was introduced for the treatment of bacterial infections, often in combination with sulfonamides ... riboflavin and tetrahydrofolate pathway start from GTP (Fig 1) The first step of each pathway involves the hydrolytic opening of the imidazole ring of the substrate with formation of formate as a byproduct...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... Effect of thickness h on natural vibration frequency x 10 -3 Fig Effect of thickness h on vibration amplitude - The natural vibration and forced vibration of waved composite plate and analysis of ... greater than that of a flat plate It shows that stiffness of a waved composite plate is much more greater than stiffness of a flat plate Khuc Van Phu, Le Van Dan / VNU Journal of Science, Mathematics ... dynamic states of laminated composite corugated plate in the form of sine wave ∗ D11 Solution method Consider a simply supported rectangular laminated composite corugated plate in the form of sine wave...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 13:20