bioceramics bioactive materials and surface analysis

... 12-Nov-2004) 11 AES: Typical Spectra AES: Elemental Surface Analysis    Very common application of AES - elemental surface analysis For true surface analysis, AES is better than SEM/X-ray emission ... 1989 Energy Bands in the Solid State  Bands are continuous and delocalized over the material  Band “widths” are determined by size of orbital overlap   The highest-energy filled band (which ... contamination, implantation, sputtering-altered and segregation layers Sample For more on AR-XPS, see Briggs and Seah, Practical Surface Analysis, 2nd Ed., Vol “Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,”...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:20

... Microscopy and Surface Analysis  Microscopic and imaging techniques: – – – – Optical microscopy Confocal microscopy Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, related methods) Scanning probe microscopy (STM and ... each element and can be used to extract both compositional and bonding (i.e oxidation state) information on the sample region being examined Kakuchi bands: Bands of alternating light and dark lines ... problems Some “random” examples: – Differentiation of anatase and rutile – Studying ferroelectric domains in sodium niobate – – Location of subsurface crazing in ceramics Forensic analysis of glasses...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:20

... fabrication and design of photonic bandgap structures or devices and the simulation and modeling of such kind of materials are gaining importance recently Analysis of Finite-sized EBG Materials and Devices ... defects Analysis of Finite-sized EBG Materials and Devices by Scattering Matrix Method Chapter T-matrix of Conducting and Dielectric Cylinders and Scattering Matrix Method T-MATRIX OF CONDUCTING AND ... 39.5 , stop-band (b) λ = 0.2 , pass-band 105 Fig 6.4: Translation model in the cylindrical coordinate system for Hankel function 106 xv Analysis of Finite-sized EBG Materials and Devices...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2015, 13:01

... (2.3) Vq = RIq + dλd + ωλd dt (2.4) where Vd and Vq are the d- and q-axis voltages Id and Iq are the d- and q-axis currents λd and λq are the d- and q-axis flux linkages R is the armature resistance ... Combination of RSM and non-linear modelling of the IPSM 106 4.9 Comparison of λd (β) and λq (β) observed and predicted 110 4.10 Comparison of λd (β) and λq (β) observed and predicted ... introduced me to many aspects of their cultures and countries And of course I would like to thank Mr Woo and Mr Chandra who are always so kind and helpful They make the laboratory a nice place...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 15:45

... An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES This page intentionally left blank An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES John F Watts University of Surrey, ... Some Basic Concepts 1.1 Analysis of Surfaces All solid materials interact with their surroundings through their surfaces The physical and chemical composition of these surfaces determines the ... the emitter and increase the emission current, • provide a self-cleaning surface, and • provide a self-healing surface Again, the emitting surface is small (about 20 nm in diameter) and so little...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2016, 12:14

... cases, superposition files and influence lines 3.64 Version 8.38.03 • • • • Use of combination codes “SupOrX” and “SupAndX” for superposition files corrected New command “PLSCFAC” in plot file ... Önorm Standard 4700, British Standard 5400 and Honk Kong Standard 5400 3.81 Version 8.34.02 • Minor changes 3.82 Version 8.34.01 • • • • • • Tendon results (primary and secondary forces) can be ... Material file according DIN Standard Code corrected External tendon calculation correction Principle tensile stress check according to DIN Standard added (Actions PrDinU and PrDinS added to Stage/Action...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2012, 15:18

... Disclaimer and Copyright Disclaimer Much time and effort have gone into the development and documentation of RM2000 and GP2000 The programs have been thoroughly tested and used The user accepts and ... Supposition: Main Girder Axis and segment, Cross Section for the girder plus the cross section for the piers plus the Segment numbering and assignment and Part numbering and assignment for the main ... –10 and top is at height in steps of metres Select the ‘Edit’ icon and assign the pier cross section to the segment points Choose ‘Parts’ and then the ‘Edit’ icon Enter the material type, and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2012, 15:55

... types (e.g Materials and Variables) at the same time i.e if both Materials and Variables need to be copied, it is necessary to select Materials first, and to copy the required materials, and then ... Disclaimer and Copyright Disclaimer Much time and effort have gone into the development and documentation iof RM2000 and GP2000 The programs have been thoroughly tested and used The user accepts and ... commands, i.e loops, conditions, etc can be used in scripts Two different command groups for interfacing RM with the script are provided: • Input commands • Result analysis commands Input commands:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2012, 15:55

... used in the analysis The message in Figure 37 indicates that the analysis and design sections are different The goal is to repeat the analysis and design process until the analysis and design ... Run Analysis command or the Run Analysis button, and then click the Run Now button on the Set Analysis Cases to Run form F When the analysis is complete, click the OK button to close the analysis ... both Load Cases and Analysis Cases exist, and they may be different However, the program automatically creates a corresponding analysis case when a load case is defined, and the analysis cases...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2012, 15:56

... encouragement and benevolence Finally, I owe the completion of this dissertation to my parents and my siblings, my husband and my two children, who have always given me their love, understanding and encouragement ... appropriate and reasonable Conversation analysis sheds light on disagreements as dispreferred seconds to first assessments and opinions, and as preferred seconds to self-deprecations English and Vietnamese ... English and Vietnamese is considered essential and valuable in the teaching and learning of English by Vietnamese learners and Vietnamese by native speakers of English 1.1.2 Society, culture and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:26

... They often have cereal or porridge, egg and bacon followed by toast and marmalade and coffee and tea or they may just have a toast and marmalade and coffee and tea *Elevenses - brunch Elevenses ... of making tea and using service by rinsing teapot with boiling water and putting tea and hot water into the teapot and waiting for a short time and pouring it into cups (with handle or not) Regardless ... - Field of word meal in English and in Vietnamese equivalents - Cultural and linguistic analysis of the English word meal Chapter III Cultural and linguistic analysis of Vietnamese equivalents...

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2013, 15:11

... Timberland is Timberland Footwear Timberland has enjoyed Group 4th - A2.FBA.K38 Financial analysis of Reebok significant expansion of its brand presence both domestically and abroad Timberland’s markets ... footwear and apparel for non-athletic, “casual” use * The Reebok brand Group 4th - A2.FBA.K38 Financial analysis of Reebok The Reebok brand designs, produces and markets sports, fitness and casual ... with Polo Sport and Polo Jeans brand names which is targeted to males between the ages of 16 and 25, and to children between the ages of and 12 The Ralph Lauren also offers dress and casual silhouettes...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2013, 14:52

... labels a, b, and c are PCR-DGGE banding patterns of 16S rRNA gene in test systems A, B, and C, respectively; d, e, and f are PCR-DGGE banding patterns of C12O gene in test systems A, B, and C, respectively; ... and C, respectively; and g, h, and i are PCR-DGGE banding patterns of C23O gene in test systems A, B, and C, respectively PCR products of C12O gene in test system C at the 1st and 2nd cycles were ... test system A and B is for test system B Numbers represent the cycle number Only clearly detected bands in PCR-DGGE banding patterns of test systems A and B in Fig were selected for analysis The...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... temperature and interface location at any instant can be easily obtained by integrating equations (5) and (6) with respect to X and Fo respectively and subsequent application of the initial and boundary ... phase) initially The selected materials for PCM and high conductivity particles are technical grade paraffin and copper The thermophysical properties of PCM [17] and copper [7] are given in Table ... out with different design and operating parameters The identified design and operating parameters are listed in Table Table Design and operating parameters used in the analysis Parameter Inner...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... efficiency and economical analysis They reported that, both the total energy input and output energy in apricot production decreased when farm size increased; while, the energy use efficiency and energy ... determined using the random sampling method [8]; so, it was calculated as 130 and then the 130 farms were randomly chosen from 30 villages in the area of study For the analysis of energy use ... parameters when the availability of arable land is the limiting factor for plant production [21] The energy inputs were divided into direct and indirect and renewable and non-renewable energy forms [18]...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... directly to the land and bodies of water like the oceans and seas Some runs off the surface of the land into rivers The rain that falls on the land is absorbed by plants through the roots and drank ... happens to the dead bodies of plants and animals in an ecosystem? Define macronutrients and micronutrients Make a listing of micronutrients and macronutrients, and give their functions? What are ... are responsible for the return of water from the atmosphere into the land and other bodies of water The water from the land and other bodies of water returns to the atmosphere through the process...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2013, 08:20

... partitions of the sample space and are fully discussed in Chapter 13 of this Handbook by Engle ‘ See the discussion in Gaver and Geisel ( 1974) and references 1962) and Quandt ( 1974) including the-methods ... Parameters Ando, A and G M Kaufman (I 966) “Evaluation of Some Linear Models”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 48, 334-340 Anscombe, F J and J W Tukey (1963) “The Examination and Analysis of ... (1930) and K A Fox (1960), Methods of Correlation and Regression Analysis: Linear and Curuilinear New York: John Wiley & Sons Farrar, D E and R R Glauber (1967) “Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis: ...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 07:15

... division, and raising to the power, respectively For addition and subtraction, the array and matrix operations are the same Thus, + and + can be regarded as an array or matrix addition If A1 and B1 ... to obtain the dot product and the vector product of two vectors a and b Use the function to evaluate the dot and vector products of vectors x and y, where x = (1 6) and y = (2 8) 1.4 Write a ... sensitive in naming variables, commands and functions Thus b and B are not the same variable If you not want MATLAB to be case sensitive, you can use the command casesen off To obtain the size...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 16:15