Static and Dynamic Analysis of Spaceframes
RM2000 Static and Dynamic Analysis of Spaceframes USER GUIDE TDV Ges.m.b.H October 2003 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner Disclaimer and Copyright Disclaimer Much time and effort have gone into the development and documentation iof RM2000 and GP2000 The programs have been thoroughly tested and used The user accepts and understands that no warranty is expressed or implied by the developers or the distributors on the accuracy or the reliability of the program The user must understand the assumptions of the program and must apply engineering knowledge and skill to independently verify the results Copyright The computer programs RM2000, GP2000 and all the associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products Ownership of the program and the documentation remain with TDV Austria Use of the program and the documentation is restricted to the licensed users Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from TDV is explicitly prohibited RM2000 and GP2000 © Copyright and support in Central Europe Tcl © Copyright 1987-1994 The Regents of the University of California Tcl © Copyright 1992-1995 Karl Lehenbauer and Mark Diekhans Tcl © Copyright 1993-1997 Bell Labs Innovations for Lucent Technologies Tcl © Copyright 1994-1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc Microsoft Windows © Copyright Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved by TDV Ges.m.b.H Austria © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide I Contents PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY 1-1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 PROGRAM DATA FILE STRUCTURE 1-1 Program Data 1-1 Project Data 1-2 Setup of a Standard Database 1-5 Copying Standard Data to the Project Database 1-6 Demo Examples 1-7 Hardware Requirements 1-7 STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT DATABASE 1-8 Database principles – Objects and Attributes 1-8 Dependency Relationships 1-9 THE RM2000 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) 1-12 Description of the main user interface parts 1-12 Tool bar 1-13 Tables of Database Objects and Parameters 1-14 PROGRAM FUNCTIONS 1-15 Main functions 1-15 Sub-functions 1-15 THE RM2000 HELP SYSTEM 1-17 VARIABLES AS FORMULAS OR TABLES 1-18 OTHER HELP FUNCTIONS 1-19 Macros 1-19 Scripts 1-19 GENERAL PROPERTIES 2-1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.5 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3 GENERAL 2-1 ANALYSING A STRUCTURE 2-1 UNITS 2-5 General 2-5 Viewing, setting and changing active units 2-6 Results Multiplication Factors 2-8 Exceptions – Internal Variables with Prescribed Units 2-8 Percentage Values 2-8 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 2-9 General 2-9 Global Coordinate System 2-9 Local Coordinate System for Beam Elements 2-10 Sign Conventions for Deformations and Internal Forces 2-12 Sign Conventions for External Nodal Forces and Moments 2-15 Sign Conventions for Local External Element Forces and Moments 2-16 TRANSFORMATIONS 2-16 DESIGN CODES 2-17 General 2-17 Design Code dependent Material Properties 2-17 Design Code dependent Loading Assumptions 2-18 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide II 2.6.4 Design Code Checks 2-18 2.7 GENERAL PROGRAM OPTIONS 2-18 2.7.1 Optimising the Calculation Performance 2-18 STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES 3-1 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 STANDARD DATA 3-1 MATERIAL 3-1 Material Properties 3-1 Material Groups 3-3 Basic Physical Parameters 3-3 Properties of Reinforcement and Pre-stressing Steel 3-5 Properties used for Creep Analysis and Time Dependency 3-6 Properties for Design Code Checks 3-9 Definition of Material Data 3-11 REFERENCE POINT GROUPS 3-13 General 3-13 Definition of Reference Point Groups 3-13 Types of Reference Points 3-14 Definition of Reference Points in RM2000 3-15 Definition of the Reinforcement (Reinforcement Points) 3-19 Definition of Stress Evaluation Points 3-23 Definition of a Temperature Distribution (Temperature points) 3-24 Characteristic Lines for the Shear Capacity Check 3-25 CROSS SECTION PROPERTIES - CS 3-31 General 3-31 How to Model the Cross Section Geometry 3-32 Standard Cross-section Types 3-35 Section Properties Considered 3-41 Import Cross-sections 3-42 Standard Cross-section Tables 3-42 Composite Cross-sections 3-43 CROSS-SECTION MANAGEMENT 3-45 Creating and Viewing Cross-sections 3-45 Cross-section Nodes 3-46 Cross-section Elements 3-46 Cross-section Values 3-46 VARIABLES 3-47 General 3-47 Intrinsic Variables and Functions 3-48 User Defined Variables 3-51 STRUCTURE MODELLING 4-1 4.1 GENERAL MODELLING RULES 4-1 4.2 DEFINITION OF STRUCTURAL DATA 4-2 4.2.1 Data Input 4-2 4.2.2 Model Parameters – General Remarks 4-4 4.2.3 Global Degrees of Freedom (DOF’s) 4-5 4.2.4 Nodal points 4-6 4.2.5 Elements 4-7 4.2.6 Boundary Conditions 4-14 4.2.7 Eccentric Connections 4-17 4.2.8 Element End Releases (Hinges in a general sense) 4-24 4.3 MODELLING OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES 4-27 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.6.5 4.6.6 4.6.7 4.6.8 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.7.5 4.7.6 4.7.7 III General 4-27 Superstructure Modelling 4-28 Connection of the Superstructure with the Sub-structure 4-31 Substructure Modelling 4-33 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES 4-37 Composite Cross-sections 4-37 Nodes and Elements of the Structural System 4-37 Construction Stages and System Activation 4-38 Calculation of Internal Forces 4-38 Computation of Stresses 4-39 Computation of Shear Key Forces 4-40 Pre-stressing of Composite Girders 4-42 CABLE STAYED BRIDGES 4-44 General 4-44 Available Options 4-45 Proposed Procedure 4-50 Four Step stay cable geometry adaptation 4-53 Use of the Load Types FX0, LX0 for Cable Stayed Bridges 4-59 SUSPENSION STRUCTURES 4-63 General 4-63 Explanation 4-65 System Definitions for Suspension Structures 4-67 Reference Geometry 4-67 System Parameters 4-68 Load Input for Suspension Structures 4-68 Calculation of Suspension Structures 4-70 Traffic Load on Suspension Structures 4-70 INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING METHOD (ILM) 4-72 General 4-72 System preparation (GP2000 and RM2000) 4-72 Conditions to be considered 4-73 Required Additional System Definitions 4-73 Construction Schedule – Preparations (RM2000) 4-74 Necessary additional Construction Schedule definitions: 4-74 Launching – Definitions (RM2000) 4-74 PRE-STRESSING 5-1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.6 GENERAL 5-1 MATERIAL OF PRE-STRESSING TENDONS 5-2 DEFINITION OF TENDONS (TENDON PROFILES) 5-4 Creating New Tendon Profiles 5-4 Assignment of Structural Elements 5-5 TENDON GEOMETRY 5-6 General 5-6 Basics of the Geometry Calculation 5-7 Definition of the Constraint Points 5-11 Choice of Tendon Constraint Point Types 5-15 EXTERNAL PRE-STRESSING 5-19 General 5-19 Geometry Definition via Tangent Intersection Points (Type 1) 5-21 Geometry Definition by Specification of Straight Segments (Type 2) 5-22 Approximate Geometry in the Region of the Deviator Block 5-24 SIMULATION OF THE STRESSING PROCEDURE 5-25 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide IV 5.6.1 Computing the Friction Losses 5-25 5.6.2 Stressing Actions – Tensioning, Releasing, Wedge Slip 5-26 5.7 THE PRE-STRESSING LOAD CASE 5-27 5.7.1 Definition of the Load Sets for Pre-stressing 5-27 5.7.2 Definition of the “Load Case Pre-stressing” 5-31 5.7.3 Calculation of the Load Case „Pre-stressing“ and Results 5-32 5.8 TENDON CALCULATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE 5-33 5.9 CALCULATION OPTIONS FOR PRE-STRESSING RELATED ACTIONS 5-35 5.9.1 Treatment of Tension Force Losses 5-35 5.9.2 Storing the Tendon Results 5-36 5.9.3 Calculation of Concrete Stresses 5-36 LOADING 6-1 6.1 GENERAL 6-1 6.2 LOAD SET 6-2 6.3 LOAD TYPES 6-2 6.3.1 Concentrated Loads 6-2 6.3.2 Uniformly Distributed Loads (UDL) 6-9 6.3.3 Partial Uniformly Distributed Loads 6-15 6.3.4 Linearly Varying Distributed Loads (LDL) (Trapezoidal or Triangular shape) 6-18 6.3.5 Masses 6-22 6.3.6 Pre/Post tensioning 6-23 6.3.7 Initial Stress/Strain Loads - Temperature 6-24 6.3.8 Actions on the Element Ends 6-34 6.3.9 Wind Load 6-37 6.3.10 Normal Forces (Stiffness Change) 6-38 6.3.11 Special 6-39 6.3.12 Load Type Creep & Shrinkage 6-40 6.4 LOAD CASE 6-41 6.4.1 General 6-41 6.4.2 Permanence Code 6-41 6.4.3 Load Case Info Table 6-42 6.5 COMBINATIONS 6-43 6.5.1 General 6-43 6.5.2 Creating Superposition Load Cases 6-43 6.5.3 Envelopes 6-44 6.5.4 Creating Envelopes 6-47 6.5.5 Creating a Combination Table 6-47 6.6 LOAD INFO TABLES (FUNCTION !LMANAGE) 6-49 6.7 RECOMMENDED LOAD CASE NUMBERING SCHEME 6-51 6.7.1 Basic Definition 6-51 6.7.2 Numbering of Individual Load Cases 6-51 6.7.3 Numbers of Construction Stage (sub)totals 6-52 6.7.4 Camber 6-53 6.8 TRAFFIC LOAD CALCULATION 6-59 6.8.1 General 6-59 6.8.2 Calculation and Evaluation of Influence Lines 6-60 6.8.3 Performing the Traffic Load Analysis 6-61 6.9 TRAFFIC LANES 6-65 6.9.1 General 6-65 6.9.2 Definition of Lanes 6-66 6.9.3 Macros for the Definition of Lanes 6-70 6.10 TRAFFIC LOAD TRAINS 6-77 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide V 6.10.1 General 6-77 6.10.2 Definition of Load Trains 6-78 6.10.3 Summary of Traffic Load Design Code Rules 6-81 6.11 ADDITIONAL CONSTRAINTS 6-83 6.11.1 General 6-83 6.11.2 Input Sequence 6-84 6.11.3 Addition Function to Simplify the Input Procedure 6-85 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE AND ANALYSIS PROCESS 7-1 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5 7.4.6 7.4.7 7.4.8 7.4.9 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 GENERAL 7-1 SYSTEM ACTIVATION 7-1 General remarks 7-1 The System Activation 7-2 CALL OF ACTIONS ON THE STRUCTURE 7-5 Available Actions for a Construction Stage 7-5 Adding Actions into the Construction Schedule 7-14 Start Single Actions Immediately 7-14 CREEP & SHRINKAGE 7-15 General 7-15 User Defined Creep & Shrinkage Models 7-17 Standard Creep & Shrinkage Models 7-19 Parameters for Modelling Creep & Shrinkage 7-21 Checking the Time Dependency Coefficients 7-27 Creep Inducing Stress State and Load Case Definition 7-29 Creep & Shrinkage Calculation Action 7-31 Output Description for LC Creep&Shrinkage 7-33 “TSTOP” - Interrupt Creep & Shrinkage 7-39 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROCESS (OPTIONS AND METHODS) 7-41 Starting the Analysis Process 7-41 Overview over Analysis Options 7-41 P-Delta Effects (2nd Order Non-linear Calculation) 7-43 Considering Structural Non-linearity in Stage-wise Analyses 7-45 DESIGN CODE CHECKS 8-1 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 8.2 8.2.1 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.3.7 8.4 8.4.1 FIBRE STRESS CHECK 8-1 General 8-1 Material properties 8-1 Fibre stress points 8-1 Load Combination to be Checked 8-3 Fibre Stress Calculation 8-4 Fibre Stress Graphics 8-6 FIBRE STRESS CHECK WITH CRACKED TENSION ZONE (FIBII) 8-6 General 8-6 ULTIMATE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY CHECK 8-7 General 8-7 Ultimate Moment material characteristics 8-7 Reinforcement Groups 8-8 Cross-section reinforcement geometry 8-8 Element– reinforcement 8-10 Relevant Combinations 8-10 Ultimate Moment calculation 8-11 SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK 8-15 EUROCODE Shear Capacity Check – OENORM B4750 8-15 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide 8.5 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4 8.6.5 8.6.6 8.7 8.7.1 8.7.2 8.7.3 8.7.4 8.7.5 8.7.6 8.8 8.8.1 8.8.2 8.8.3 8.8.4 8.8.5 8.8.6 8.9 8.10 VI SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK FOR AASHTO/LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 1998 8-22 Preparation of data for the shear capacity check 8-28 Output 8-30 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5400 1990 8-32 BS 5400 (British Standard) 8-34 Preparing data for the shear capacity check 8-38 Loading 8-39 Partial safety factors γfl for Pre-stressing and γm for reinforcement 8-39 Input Data for Module ShChk 8-40 Defining the Median Wall Line in GP2000 8-41 PRINCIPAL TENSILE STRESS CHECK (DIN 4227 PART 1) 8-43 General Calculation of basic data 8-43 Evaluation of stresses due to service and ultimate load 8-46 Calculation of reinforcement to take tensile forces 8-50 Preparation of the Cross-section (GP2000) 8-52 Input for the principal tensile stress check (RM2000) 8-53 Output and results 8-54 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 8-56 Material properties for the reinforcement design 8-56 Reinforcement point groups 8-56 Position of the reinforcement in the cross-section 8-56 Reinforcement content in the elements 8-57 Relevant Combinations 8-57 Calculating the reinforcement 8-58 LINEAR BUCKLING ANALYSIS 8-60 BUCKLING ANALYSIS TILL FAILURE (NON-LINEAR BUCKLING) 8-62 DYNAMICS 9-1 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.4 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.5 9.5.1 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.5.4 9.5.5 9.6 9.6.1 9.6.2 9.6.3 9.7 9.7.1 9.7.2 GENERAL 9-1 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS, MASS MATRIX AND DAMPING MATRIX 9-3 Structural model requirements 9-3 Mass matrix 9-4 Definition of the Masses 9-5 Damping matrix 9-11 EIGENVALUES AND EIGENFORMS 9-13 Mathematical Background 9-13 Calculation of Eigenfrequencies in RM2000 9-14 MODAL ANALYSIS – DAMPED VIBRATIONS 9-15 Mathematical Background 9-15 Forced Vibrations (by harmonic loading) 9-16 EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS USING THE RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD 9-17 General 9-17 Combination rules for seismic analysis 9-18 Input of the necessary parameters 9-21 Input of a response spectrum diagram 9-23 Performing the Response Spectrum Analysis 9-25 TIME STEPPING ANALYSIS 9-27 General 9-27 Defining Loads and Masses as a function of time 9-28 Starting the Time History Analysis 9-28 MOVING LOADS AND MOVING MASSES 9-29 General 9-29 Variable definition 9-30 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Contents User Guide VII 9.7.3 LoadSet definition 9-32 9.7.4 LoadCase definition 9-32 9.7.5 Construction schedule 9-32 9.7.6 Calculation Control 9-33 9.7.7 Automatic Load Definition by using TCL 9-33 9.8 WIND DYNAMICS 9-35 9.8.1 General 9-35 9.8.2 Specification of the Static (stationary) Wind Loading 9-36 9.8.3 Time Dependent (Dynamic) Wind Loading 9-39 9.8.4 Considering Wind Effects in RM2000 9-39 9.8.5 Aerodynamic Cross-section Classes – Shape Coefficients 9-39 9.8.6 Element – assignment of aerodynamic cross section classes 9-40 9.8.7 Input of Wind Loading in Load Set 9-41 9.8.8 Wind Load Definition 9-42 9.8.9 Construction Schedule actions 9-45 9.8.10 Action Wind – calculation of wind turbulences with aerodynamic effects 9-46 10 RESULTS 10-1 10.1 GENERAL 10-1 10.2 AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED RESULT LISTS 10-2 10.3 PROGRAM FUNCTION "RESULTS 10-3 10.4 INDIVIDUAL LOAD CASE RESULTS 10-3 10.5 SUPERPOSITION RESULTS (ENVELOPE) 10-7 10.6 PLSYS 10-9 10.6.1 General 10-9 10.6.2 Macro 10-10 10.6.3 Plot Actions 10-11 10.6.4 Presentation capabilities 10-11 10.6.5 Type of Plots 10-12 10.6.6 Superposition of Plots 10-12 10.6.7 Plot Commands 10-12 10.7 FIBRE STRESS RESULTS 10-21 10.7.1 Fibre Stress Output list Files 10-21 10.7.2 Requesting a Fibre Stress Output list File 10-21 10.8 TIME INTEGRATION RESULT - PLCRSH 10-23 10.8.1 PlCrSh 10-23 10.8.2 E(t) 10-23 10.9 INFLUENCE LINES - PLINFL 10-23 © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner RM2000 Program Structure and Functionality User Guide 1-1 Program Structure and Functionality 1.1 Program Data File Structure The program files are established in the “program directory” during the installation process Additional authorization files (licence files – provided when the program/ module is purchased) that act together with a specific hardlock security device are also necessary for using the program The installation procedure and the authorization procedure for RM2000 are described in detail in the Installation Guide The installation procedure generates a directory TDV2000 as a subdirectory of the selected installation path This directory contains the general TDV configuration directory ETC, the resource directory RES and the Program Directory RM8 The Installation Guide document is part of the program and is located in DOC the RM8 subdirectory: TDV2000INST.PDF TDV2000INSTG.PDF Installation Guide (in English) Installation Guide (in German) 1.1.1 Program Data The Program Directory contains the following files: RM2000.EXE Executable Program RM2000.TXD Text-Database (for dialogue and output listings) RM2000.TXI Index files for the text-database *.RMD MAT-*.RMD Provided tables for data import (TCL-Files) Material tables for different design codes MAT-BS.RMD British Standard BS5400 MAT-DIN1.RMD DIN 1045 MAT-DIN2.RMD DIN(18800, EC3) MAT-HUNG.RMD Hungarian Code MAT-JAP.RMD Japanese Norm - JIS MAT-NOR.RMD Norwegian Norm - NS MAT-OE1.RMD OENORM B4200 MAT-OE2.RMD OENORM B4700 MAT-POR.RMD Portuguese Code MAT-USA.RMD American Standard AASHTO © TDV – Technische Datenverarbeitung Ges.m.b.H Heinz Pircher und Partner ... from the icons at the top of the RM2000 screen), write the sequence of commands and save it as ‘filename.tcl’ The summary and the syntax of the commands to be specified and used in the TCL script...Disclaimer and Copyright Disclaimer Much time and effort have gone into the development and documentation iof RM2000 and GP2000 The programs have been thoroughly tested and used The user accepts and. .. the program and the documentation remain with TDV Austria Use of the program and the documentation is restricted to the licensed users Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation