bayesian inference for zodiac

... as the Zodiac- 408 cipher has 26 54 possible key mappings. Next, we describe a new Bayesian decipherment approach for tackling substitution ciphers. 3.1 Bayesian Decipherment Bayesian inference ... of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 239–247, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Bayesian Inference for Zodiac and Other Homophonic ... Substitution Cipher (with spaces), and (c) the famous Zodiac- 408 Cipher. For the Zodiac- 408 cipher, we compare the per- formance achieved by Bayesian decipherment under different settings: • Letter...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... We therefore report results with our method only for the logistic normal prior. We do inference on sections 1–270 and 301–1151 of CTB10 (4,909 sentences) by running the EM al- gorithm for 20 iterations, ... schedule, we achieve improvements for this task over mean-field variational inference. References M. J. Beal and Z. Gharamani. 2003. The variational Bayesian EM algorithm for incomplete data: with appli- cation ... from a subset of R  for some ). α will denote the parameters of a prior over θ. The mean-field assumption in the Bayesian setting assumes that the posterior has a factored form: q(θ, y) = q(θ)q(y)...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... three: one for IE, one for Austronesian and one for “all languages.” For a general tree, we assign one implication vari- able for each node (including the root and leaves). The goal of the inference ... of perform- ing a simple Gibbs sample for m in Step (4), we first sample the m values for the internal nodes us- ing simple Gibbs updates. For the leaf nodes, we use rejection sampling. For this ... Furthermore, some features are known for many languages. This is due to the fact that certain features take less effort to identify than others. Identifying, for instance, if a language has a particular...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... θ c,t [draw sem class for arg] GenSemClass(c  c,t ) [recurse] Figure 2: The generative story for the Bayesian model for unsupervised semantic parsing. tributions over syntactic paths for the argument type ... of type t appears for a given semantic frame occur- rence 3 . For the frame WinPrize these parameters would enforce that there exists exactly one Winner and exactly one Opponent for each occurrence ... Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 1445–1455, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics A Bayesian Model for Unsupervised Semantic...

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Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... 2–21 for training, 22 for development and 23 for testing). We also used section 2 as a small training set for evaluating the performance of our model under low-resource conditions. Hence- forth, ... and Parsing For the inference of symbol subcategories, we trained our model with the MCMC sampler by us- ing 6 split-merge steps for the full training set and 3 split-merge steps for the small ... for Specifying Compositional Nonparametric Bayesian Models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19, 19:641–648. Mark Johnson, Thomas L Griffiths, and Sharon Goldwa- ter. 2007b. Bayesian...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... F1 for NER and 82.6% Accuracy for NEN, outperforming the baseline with 80.2%F1 for NER and 79.4% Accuracy for NEN. We summarize our contributions as follows. 1. We introduce the task of NEN for ... boost the F1 for NER and Accuracy for NEN, suggesting the im- portance of external knowledge for this task. 5.5 Discussion One main error source for NER and NEN, which accounts for more than ... used for development, and the remainder are used for 5-fold cross validation. 5.2 Evaluation Metrics We adopt the widely-used Precision, Recall and F1 to measure the performance of NER for a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Specifi- cally, we used only section 2 for training and sec- tion 22 (devel) for reporting results. Our models were all sampled for 5k iterations with hyperpa- rameter inference for α c and s c ∀ c ∈ N, but ... its probability estimate. 3 The transform assumes inside inference. For Viterbi re- place the probability for c → sign(e) with n − e,c +α c P 0 (e| c) n − ·,c +α c . For every ET, e, rewriting c with ... the grammar transform in parsing also yields better scores irrespective of the underlying model. Together these results strongly advocate the use of the grammar transform for inference in infinite...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... classifi- cation decision 4 . T he inference stage exploits the relationships for the propagation of the informa- tion and the BN operates by information reinforce- ment to label a pronoun. We ... traditional systems. This ap- proach stands on the formalism, still little ex- ploited for NLP, of Bayesian Network (BN). As a probabilistic formalism, it offers a great expres- sion capacity ... A. Pfeffer 2003. Bayesian Information Extraction Network. In Proc.18th Int. Joint Conf. Artifical Intelligence, 421–42 6. D. Roth and Y. Wen-tau. 2002. Probalistic Reasoning for Entity and Relatio...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... The traditional justifi- cation for canonical forms is that they allow easy access to a knowledge base to retrieve some de- sired information, which amounts to a form of in- ference. Our work can ... determine their suitability for inference tasks. In particular, we contend that it is desirable and arguably necessary for a compositional semantic representation to support inference invariantly, ... well. Logic-based forms of compositional semantics have long strived for syntactic invariance in mean- ing representations, which is known as the doc- trine of the canonical form. The traditional...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... novel compo- nents specifically designed for proof-based textual- inference and evaluate their contribution. 3 Search for Textual Inference In this section we formalize our search problem and specify ... esti- mation) for a complete sequence of transformations is typically defined as the sum of the costs of the involved transformations. Finding the lowest cost proof, as needed for de- termining inference ... instead of searching for a com- plete sequence of transformations that transform t T into t H , we can iteratively search for independent co- herent subsequences of transformations, such that...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... (1k sentences, 90% for training and 10% for testing) and WSJ (section 2 for training and section 22 for test- ing). This was a small-scale experiment, but large enough to be relevant for low-resource ... setting (section 2-21 for training and sec- tion 23 for testing). The parsing results are shown in Table 3. We trained the model with an MH sampler for 3.5k iterations. For the full treebank ... decompose the transformed tree into CFG productions and then assign the probability for each CFG production as shown in Table 1, where a DT , a N and a JJ are insertion probabilities for non- terminal...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20