basic elements for stake and check measurements

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 09:34

... 2.8 SYMBOLS FOR ELEMENTS Answer the following three questions Provide the elements represented by the symbols C, Cd, and F Provide the symbol for the elements chromium, arsenic, and oxygen Provide ... environment, and provision of everyday needs for food, clothing, and protective armaments When familiar materials such as metals, metal oxides, ceramics, and polymers, and novel forms of carbon ... chemistry principles and fundamentals An understanding of this subject is a prerequisite for understanding the basics of nanotechnology Atoms, the modern theory of atomic structure, elements, the periodic...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 15:19

... strong form The weak form can be used to approximate the strong form by finite elements; solutions obtained by finite elements are approximate solutions to the strong form Strong Form to Weak Form ... strong form and that the strong form implies the weak form Thus the weak form and the strong form are equivalent This equivalence of the strong and weak forms for the momentum equation is called ... column matrices for ε ij and a rectangular matrix for Bija , the kinematic Voigt rule is used for ε ij and the first two indices of BijKk and the nodal component rule is used for the second pair...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 06:20

... SYMKEYS – flow chart symbols and keys library for GT and GN touch TB-SYMKEYS panels (incl PLC programs documented and samples for GT02/05/12/21/32 and all GNs) Technical Information No D-048 Rev 2.2 ... GN.pdf Installation for the GN series library: The installation file for the GN support is “Setup-TB-SYMKEYS-GN-V2.2.exe“ The default installation will create directories for all samples in the ... use the TB-SYMKEYS with Movicon open the sample project and an application project Then copy all required elements from the demo application and insert it into your user application This has the...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 21:20

... Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Microwave Library, turn to the back of this book Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave ... Introduction 1.1 History of Lumped Elements 1.2 Why Use Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits? 1.3 L, C, R Circuit Elements 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 Basic Design of Lumped Elements Capacitor Inductor ... Transformer Wideband Impedance Matching Transformers Types of Transformers 318 318 319 322 323 325 326 329 11.2 Wire-Wrapped Transformers 11.2.1 Tapped Coil Transformers 11.2.2 Bond Wire Transformer...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 05:33

... Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Microwave Library, turn to the back of this book Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave ... Introduction 1.1 History of Lumped Elements 1.2 Why Use Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits? 1.3 L, C, R Circuit Elements 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 Basic Design of Lumped Elements Capacitor Inductor ... Transformer Wideband Impedance Matching Transformers Types of Transformers 318 318 319 322 323 325 326 329 11.2 Wire-Wrapped Transformers 11.2.1 Tapped Coil Transformers 11.2.2 Bond Wire Transformer...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... include thin film, thick film, and LTCC; and are suitable for high-quality, low-cost, and compact, high-performance inductors, respectively 57 58 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits Figure ... substrates such as Si and GaAs, on printed circuit boards, and on hybrid integrated circuit substrates Silicon is a potential candidate for RFICs, and GaAs is widely used for MMICs Standard silicon ... performance of the circuit in several ways It may change the frequency response in terms of frequency range and bandwidth, and it may degrade the gain/insertion loss and its flatness, input and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... thick For multilayer inductors, the inductance and f res can be expressed in terms of area and number of turns For example, for the inductor shown in Figure 116 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave ... Q eff for type A, and standard circular, square, and variable width inductors All inductors have 12-␮ m spacing between the turns Figure 3.41 shows typical physical layouts for standard and modified ... desired inductance value For W = 16 ␮ m, S = 10 ␮ m and D i and are desirable variables, whereas for W = 20 ␮ m, S = ␮ m and D i and number of turns are desirable variables For the 1-nH inductor,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... plane (4.31) 152 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits and as a first-order approximation ⑀ re = ⑀r + (4.32) Accurate expressions for L and C are also given in [20] and are reproduced here: ... the K values for gold, copper, and aluminum wires are 183, 80, and 59.2, respectively For 1-mil-diameter wires, I f values for gold, copper, and aluminum wires are 0.74A, 0.32A, and 0.24A, respectively ... components and matching networks and as RF chokes for bringing the bias to solid-state devices Requirements for applications in passive and matching circuits are a high Q , high SRF, and low parasitic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits Figure 6.7 Modeled and measured S 21 for 2- and 10-pF MIM capacitors on 125-␮ m-thick GaAs substrate Figure 6.8 Modeled and measured S 11 for 2- and ... 6.7 and 6.8 show an excellent correlation between the modeled values and the measured data for S 21 and S 11 for 2- and 10-pF capacitors Figure 6.9 illustrates the variation of Q -factor for ... wider and shorter conductor used compared 210 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits Figure 6.17 (a) Cross-sectional view of a MIMIM capacitor on Si substrate and (b) EC model for MIM and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... 240 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits Figure 7.8 Interdigitated capacitor’s ∠ S 11 and ∠ S 21 responses Table 7.2 Physical Dimensions and Equivalent Model Values for Interdigital ... accounted for when the inductor and the gap are replaced by 2S = 2S ′ + ⌬t and 2g = 2g ′ − ⌬t , where ⌬t = ͫ 8␲ S ′ t + ln ␲ t ͬ and 2S ′ and 2g ′ are the physical width of the strip and the gap ... Schwendler 252 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits [17] IE3D, San Francisco: Zeland Software [18] Kattapelli, K., J Burke, and A Hill, ‘‘Simulation Column,’’ Int J Microwave and Millimeter...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... various values of d and W, for h = 125 ␮ m and t = 4.5 ␮ m: (a) capacitance for airbridge, (b) capacitance for crossover, and (c) inductance for crossover 308 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave ... transformer with M > 0, and (c) transformer with M < 324 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits between the two input and output ports as desired from a transformer An ideal transformer ... configurations for four basic 1:4 transformers 11.4 Ferrite Transformers The properties of ferrite materials and the shape of the core affect the performance of a coil transformer Both toroid and binocular...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... requirements for switches including low and high power, narrowband and broadband, and high isolation Lumped elements play an important role in achieving broad bandwidths, high isolation, and high ... reliability and 395 396 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits reproducibility, small size, low weight, broadband performance, circuit design flexibility, and multifunction performance on ... each transformer are denoted by L and L , respectively Ports A, B, C, and D are referred to as input, Figure 12.13 Broadband RF directional coupler schematic 368 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... Characteristic Impedance and Effective Dielectric Constant Closed-form expressions for Z and ⑀ re when conductor thickness t = are given here [1]: 429 430 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits ... (14.2) for (W /h ≤ 1) for (W /h ≥ 1) (14.3) The maximum relative error in ⑀ re and Z is less than 1% The expressions for W /h in terms of Z and ⑀ re are as follows: For Z √⑀ re > 89.91, W /h = For ... 13.4 Techniques for defining conductor pattern in hybrid MICs: (a) fabrication by plating and etching and (b) fabrication by etching thin plated metal 412 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... and W and h are in millimeters This limitation is mostly applied to low impedance lines that have wide microstrip conductors 444 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits 14.2.6 Power-Handling ... model wherein the electric field is uniform and the density of the 448 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits heat generated can also be considered uniform This assumption ignores the increased ... 3.57 456 Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits GHz, the maximum average power-handling values of a 30-␮ m-wide multilayer microstrip lines are 312, 13.9, 6.9, and 5.8W for polyimide thicknesses...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... strong form The weak form can be used to approximate the strong form by finite elements; solutions obtained by finite elements are approximate solutions to the strong form Strong Form to Weak Form ... column matrices for ε ij and a rectangular matrix for Bija , the kinematic Voigt rule is used for ε ij and the first two indices of BijKk and the nodal component rule is used for the second pair ... material in its deformed state On the other hand, since Lagrangian meshes deform with the material, and they become distorted in the simulations of severe deformations In Eulerian meshes, elements remain...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... Mechanics, December 16, 1998 30 For the subsequent stages of deformation, we only give the motion, the deformation gradient, its inverse and rate and the rate-of-deformation and Green strain tensors ... Evaluate the rate-of-deformation tensor D in each of these stages and obtain the time integral of the rate-of-deformation for the complete cycle of deformation ending in the undeformed configuration ... to (3.4.8) and (3.4.14) are easily obtained by matrix manipulations 3.4.3 Corotational Stress and Rate-of-Deformation In some elements, particularly structural elements such as beams and shells,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... weak form Next we started with the weak form and showed that it implies the strong form This, combined with the development of the weak form from the strong form, shows that the weak and strong forms ... polynomials for rectangular elements and is smooth and nearly a polynomial for isoparametric elements In nonlinear analysis, the integrand is not always smooth For example, for an elastic-plastic ... of the formulations can be skipped Implementations of the updated and total Lagrangian formulations are given for several elements In this Chapter, only the expressions for the nodal forces are...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... Element and other Isoparametric 2D Elements Develop the expressions for the deformation gradient, the rate-of-deformation, the nodal forces and the mass matrix for two-dimensional isoparametric elements ... master nodal forces are the sum of the master nodal forces for the disjoint model and the transformed slave node forces These formulas apply to both the external and internal nodal forces The consistent ... obtained by transforming the equations for the updated Lagrangian formulation It is only necessary to transform the integrals to the reference (undeformed) domain and transform the stress and strain...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... expressions for the deformation gradient, nodal internal forces and nodal external forces for the 3-node, linear displacement triangle The element was developed in the updated Lagrangian formulation ... (representative of the behavior of metals) for rate-independent and ratedependent plastic deformation and the Mohr-Coulomb relation (for the deformation of soils and rock) are presented The constitutive ... constitutive relations for elastic-plastic material behavior for multiaxial stress states for both rate-independent and rate-dependent materials are presented for the case of small deformations The commonly...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20