basic array theory and pattern synthesis techniques

... handbook on smart antennas and array theory contains Chapters 16 to 21 Chapter 16 presents basic array theory and pattern synthesis techniques by discussing basic theory of antenna arrays, array ... Davis, and Hyok J Song 15 Shaped-Beam Antennas Atef Z Elsherbeni, Chun-Wen Paul Huang, and Carlos A Fernandes PART D Smart Antennas and Array Theory 16 Basic Array Theory and Pattern Synthesis Techniques ... station The handoff is initiated and completed by the network The execution time is on the order of s 1.2.7.4 Hard Handoff and Soft Handoff Handoff may be classied into hard handoff and soft handoff...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 11:02

... and defined five phases of the diurnal curve in relation to water movement into and out of the cambial region These phases were generally consistent with the patterns observed in this study and ... reduction of the cell turgor and interfering with metabolism and cell enlargement But growth reduction might also act indirectly by decreasing the synthesis of auxin and carbohydrates, combined ... 134–138 [12] Gartner B.L., Patterns of xylem variation within a tree and their hydraulic and mechanical consequences, in: Gartner B.L (Ed.), Plant stems: physiology and functional morphology,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:20

... at 50 °C and 10 at 95 °C, followed by a total of 40 twotemperature cycles (15 s at 95 °C and at 60 °C) For the generation of standard curves, serial dilutions of a cDNA sample were used and mRNA ... against iPLA2c and visualization of immunoreactive bands by ECL Expressed recombinant polypeptides are designated according to their expected masses Lanes and 5, 88 kDa iPLA2c; lanes and 6, 74 kDa ... producing 88, 77, 74 and 63 kDa protein products Products corresponding to the 77 and 74 kDa products were the major immunoreactive bands Additional lower molecular mass immunoreactive bands were also...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... lM) or vitamin C (1 mM), and then incubated for h in the presence or absence of ATZ (20 mM) and mercaptosuccinic acid (7 mM) Cell were collected and lysed, and both firefly and Renilla luciferase ... consists of Fos and Jun proteins [26] Fos and Jun form a dimer, which in turn binds to AP-1 regulatory elements and enhancer regions of numerous mammalian genes Jun forms homodimers and heterodimers ... (ATZ) and mercaptosuccinic acid inhibited catalase and glutathione peroxidase, which are antioxidative enzymes that eliminate hydrogen peroxide, and caused sustained increases in ROS levels and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... activation and interaction with receptor kinases 130 A Faussner et al Results Construction of truncated and point mutated B2wts and B1 ⁄ B2 receptor chimeras Several studies with truncations of, and ... motifs in the region between the palmitoylated C324 and N338 Candidates would include G328-C329 and ⁄ or the negatively charged residues E332 and E337, as they are highly conserved in B2wt among ... receptor kinases and in receptor specific G protein activation Materials and methods Materials Flp-In T-REx (HEK 293) cells were purchased from Invitrogen (Groningen, the Netherlands) and [2,3-prolyl-3,4–...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... pathway Eicosanoid synthesis Fatty acid omega oxidation Glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid metabolism Glutathione metabolism Glycogen metabolism Steroid biosynthesis Synthesis and degradation of ... manufacturer’s protocol, and then treated with deoxyribonuclease (DNase I, amplification grade; TaKaRa, Kyoto, Japan) Microarray analysis and data mining (Aligent array) A one-color microarray-based gene ... biological community and serve as a good reference to evaluate microarray data in the context of biological functions and pathways Expression ratios of AT-MSC-Hepa, undifferentiated AT-MSCs and human liver...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... Cells and reagents FDC-P1, BAF-3, TF-1, BJAB, A20 and HEK293 cells and primary porcine Achilles tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) were grown at 37 °C and 5% (v ⁄ v) CO2 with humidity FDC-P1 and BAF-3 ... indicated as phosphorylated Erk1 and Erk2 in FDC-P1 cell extracts (Figs and 2) corresponded to bands detected with anti-Erk serum (data not shown) The nature of the lower two bands, which were not detected ... types, hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic, and including the FDC-P1 cells used by Sutor et al [10] An additional part of this study served to reinforce the distinction between PtdIns3K- and Erk-regulated...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications Volume Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications Volume Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition ... Germany, and France Since 1997, he has been a senior lecturer in computer vision and digital TV at the University of Auckland, New Zealand His research interests include analysis of multiband space and ... research are speech and image understanding and the application of artificial intelligence techniques in these fields He is the author or co-author of books and approximately 250 journal and conference...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 09:55

... the stocks and flows of personnel through training and into and out of the The computable model of an eye care MEES showing the stocks and flows of personnel through training and into and out of ... immediate neighbours and the system as a whole The inclusion of feedback and temporal features makes the model dynamic and non-linear rather than static and linear Nurse, ophthalmology and community ... school leavers who will enrol and Existing industry workers Figure – 2028 Personnel enter and leaving training and the workforce 2009 Personnel enter and leaving training and the workforce 2009 –...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... Classification of sEMG to identify the hand movement and gesture is a desired option [4-7] Identified hand and finger actions can be used to command robotic and prosthetic hand which will allow the users ... weak such as during finger and wrist flexion and extension To overcome this, often sEMG based commands are treated as binary and the user need to give a series of commands for functionality [8] ... noise, the system is not natural and very limiting As a result, modern prosthetic hands such as I-Limb (Touchbionics, Scotland) and Kinetic Human-type (KH) Hand S1 (Dainichi, Japan), while having...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... expression and distinct regulation of pro- and secreted IL-16 in acute, subacute and chronic MS lesions, and in normal-appearing white matter, from brain and spinal cord of 39 patients with MS and 19 ... MS and 19 controls We found marked increases in IL-16 and active caspase-3 expression in lesions and in adjacent normal appearing white matter (NAWM) Similarly, specific increases in T-bet and ... severity and frequency of relapses, and of subsequent demyelination and axonal damage, in a mouse model of EAE [19] These observations suggest that IL-16, which serves as a specific ligand for...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... detect myelin and nuclear cells Immunostaining was performed against AQP4, ED1 and Iba1 (for macrophages and microglia), IgG (for serum protein accumulation secondary to BBB alteration) and GFAP (for ... (Serotec, 1/100) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies for AQP4 and GFAP (Sigma, 1/100 and Dako, 1/1000, respectively) Immunostaining was conducted in PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and 3% swine serum ... as early as dpi (p = 0.006), a peak at dpi and a secondary decrease between and dpi (p = 0.015) The ADC values at 7, 14 and 20 dpi returned to baseline and were not statistically different from...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... grouping algorithms and introduce mode selection criteria in Sections and The proposed antenna grouping algorithm and the mode selection criterion are presented in Sections 3.5 and 4.5, respectively ... (1,2//3,4), (1,3//2,4) and (1,4//2,3) We then compare (| A| + |F|), (|B| + |E|), and (|C| + |D|) If (|A| + |F|) is the largest, it means that the correlation between transmit antennas and and between transmit ... w , is modeled as an independent and identical Page of complex Gaussian distribution with mean and unit variance When the channel has IID Rayleigh fading, R and T in (1) is an identity matrix...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... first approach includes selective and adaptive relaying techniques, for example, link adaptive relaying [9] and threshold digital relaying (TDR) [10–13] Both techniques use the source-relay link ... (5) where α > and β > depend on the type of modulation For instance, with BPSK, α = and β = give the exact BER Now let Θ1 and Θ2 denote the two SNR thresholds used at the relays and destination, ... the ith relay and destination, which is modeled as a circularly symmetric complex Gaussian variable with variance Ni(2) , and wi denotes the AWGN at the destination with zero mean and unit variance...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... the transmitter A nonlocal base and a local codebook, both known to transmitter and receiver, are used in the progressive quantization and reconstruction algorithm and low complexity variations ... compare with random vector quantization [28], where performance is averaged over randomly generated codebooks Random vector quantization has been used in the analysis of multiuser MIMO [2], and is a ... uniform linear array, and half-wavelength element spacing [29] The first user has an angle of departure π/4 and angle spread π/16, while the second user has angle of departure of π/2 and angle spread...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... Science and Technology Press, Jinan, Shandong, China, 1985 [6] N G Lloyd, Degree Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1975 [7] R E Showalter, Monotone Operators in Banach Space and ... Obviously, the (iii) and (iv) of condition (B) imply that b(u,θ) = Theorem 1.1 (see [3]) Let a : X × X → R be a coercive and bilinear continuous mapping satisfying condition (A) and let b : X × X ... nonempty closed convex subset of X, and let U be an open bounded subset of X with U ∩ K = ∅ The closure and boundary of U relative to K are denoted by U K and ∂UK , respectively Assume that T...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... number of features, m1 and m2 , and D2 and D2 are the means and variances vec1 tors of parameters vectors p1,k , k = 1, 2, , M p , and p2,k , k = 1, 2, , M p p1,k and p2,k are feature vectors ... in Section and v(n) is independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise as normal N (0, σv ) and independent of { f (n)}, {h(n)}, {i(n)}, and {t(n)} In (2), A0 (n), f0 (n), and θ0 (n) ... can be very complex and difficult to attain, even though powerful feature extraction and classification techniques are applied As a result, the design of pattern recognition techniques offer low...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 20:20

... Applying (13) to (30) and (31) and acknowledging the fact that is a zero-mean process, the Fisher information matrix (24) is retained As with (29), (30), and (31), first- and second-order derivatives ... ωk = and ωk = π scale differently (by a factor of 2) than the other components Thus for a finite number of tones and finite sample length Ns equal to the period of the signal and for full bandwidth, ... 2.4 Standard deviation 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 Parameter number Figure 16: Mean and 95% confidence region of the estimated standard deviation of the linear FIR filter parameter estimates for a bandpass...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... as well as music DSP and sound synthesis In addition to audio DSP, his research activities cover speech synthesis, analysis, and recognition; perceptual auditory modeling and spatial hearing; ... sound analysis, processing and synthesis, image processing, video coding and computer vision Augusto Sarti authored over 100 scientific publications He is leading the Image and Sound Processing Group ... engineering articles and contributed to organizing several conferences and workshops Professor Karjalainen is an AES Fellow and a Member in IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers),...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... had to be cut down between 1983 and 1986 after attacks by Tomicus piniperda and Ips sexdentatus [25] and the same amount of Spruce were destroyed between 1992 and 1993 in North Eastern France ... health status and vigour of the trees, increasing with tree vigour and productivity (expressed as the ratio of the width of the latest increment ring to the sapwood section [3, 16, 22]) and changes ... one in the upper third, and one in the middle of the trunk The number of individual galleries (successfull attacks) and of aborted attacks was recorded on each segment, and related to the health...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22