audit of financial transactions

... picture of which institutions are the ultimate holders of some of the credit risk transferred in CRT transactions As a result of these concerns, some supervisors believe that the effects of a severe ... portfolio of credit exposures and issues liabilities consisting of tranches of varying seniority The tranches contain different risk-return tradeoffs that appeal to different types of investors ... many financial institutions, across sectors and around the globe A large number of financial institutions worldwide have disclosed losses from mezzanine exposures of a material fraction of a...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 07:20

... Basel II) Regulation of rating agencies before the financial crisis International Organization of Securities Commissions IOSCO’s Statement of Principles Regarding the Activities of Credit Rating ... avoidance of conflicts of interest, responsibilities to the investing public and issuers, and public disclosure of their own code of conduct The IOSCO Code does not address government regulation of ... investments (for example, of mutual funds) or permissible concentrations (for example, of asset managers) ■ Evaluating the credit risk of assets in securitization or covered bond offerings ■ Determining...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 04:20

... extra cost of monitoring by lenders gives rise to the external finance premium of firms, which reflects the existence of a wedge between a firm’s own opportunity cost of funds and the cost of external ... assumption of competitive product market, they show that output can be expressed as a function of the stock of credit and flow of credit and suggest that credit growth has direct impact on the level of ... Peru Rest of W Europe Sweden Switzerland Norway Rest of the World India South Africa Turkey Saudi Arabia of the growth rate of the two periods prior and after the level shift The level of the series...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... results in one of the main contributions of our work, i.e the statistical deduction of an ex ante benchmark of a single “A” rating grade in terms of probability of default The second aim of this paper ... simulations to study the impact of heterogeneous probabilities of default on confidence intervals The impact of a violation of the assumption of a uniform probability of default across all 10 ECB ... Hosmer-Lemeshow (HSLS) is the sum of the squared differences of forecast and observed numbers of default, weighted by the inverses of the theoretical variances of the number of defaults ( ni pi − di )...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/07/2014, 09:46

... involves a review of the creditworthiness of each tranche of the CDO As with RMBS, the process centers on an examination of the pool of assets held by the trust and an analysis of how they would ... reports of the employee’s transactions or to manually report transactions to the firm within ten days of execution o One rating agency reviews requested transactions by employees against a list of ... 2007, the Staff in the Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (“OCIE”), Division of Trading and Markets (“Trading & Markets”) and Office of Economic Analysis (“OEA Staff”)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... Council of March 20091 The key elements of the reform proposed by the Commission are : Establishing a European System of Financial Supervisors (ESFS), consisting of a network of national financial ... authority of the Member State in whose territory the investigation is to be carried out of the investigation and of the identity of the authorised persons Officials of the competent authority of the ... application of substantive rules of CRA Regulation Indicators: • Number of breaches of CRA Regulation • Number of complaints received by the Commission from CRAs/users of ratings • Number of appeals...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... on what kinds of mortgages (and other kinds of debt) would earn what levels of ratings for what sizes of tranches of these securities (Mason and Rosner, 2007) For any given package of underlying ... and Financial Institutions Annual Review of Financial Economics 4:1, 233-253 [CrossRef] Christian C Opp, Marcus M Opp, Milton Harris 2012 Rating agencies in the face of regulation Journal of Financial ... entrants—three of which were headquartered outside the United States, one of which was a U.S insurance company specialist, and three of which were small U.S.-based firms To address issues of conflict of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:21

... sum of three sets of allowances (see text) Percent of nonexempt income that debtors keep N/A N/A 100%a Length of repayment obligation from future income N/A 3–5 years N/A years Typical cost of ... pre-approved credit card offers: in 2001, the average U.S household received 45 of these offers (Bar-Gill, 2004) Over time, competition among issuers has led them to offer increasingly favorable ... value of their nonexempt assets, and since they could file under Chapter 7, they had no incentive to offer more Only the approval of the bankruptcy judge—not creditors—was required The costs of filing...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:21

... existence of macroeconomic imbalances, the soundness and strength of the financial system, the effectiveness of supervision and regulation, the structure of the financial system, and the financial ... was further supported by high profitability of domestic lending, often in the wake of EU accession 17 A combination of instruments has also been used by a number of other European countries that ... from a low base (17% of GDP) Serbia 2001, at a rising but still low level of financial deepening (7.8% of GDP in 2000-04) Speed of Credit Growth Mainly by steady growth of bank deposits (except...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... first part of the paper is based upon Multiple Choice Analysis and identifies the determinants of the probability of an enterprise declaring itself profitable, on the basis of a projection of discriminating ... enterprises in each sub-group Table - Description of Economic and Financial Situation of Different Types of Enterprises Grou p Number of enterprise s Axis Number of employee s f1 Grou p 91 144 88 95 f2 ... shared between profit- and loss-makers All indices of financial or liquidity problems are higher: the proportion of indebted enterprises (76%), as well as that of enterprises facing financial obstacles...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... increase of the amount of parameters to estimate Given the high amount of data needed for each of this additional analysis and in order to ensure the estimation quality, this will be not part of this ... , Yt −1 = i1 , X t = j In the case of an order l > 1, the number of parameters for the transition matrix of the hidden states A and the transition matrix of the observations C can become quite ... sets of probabilities have to be estimated, which is done using the EM algorithm.3 Because of the iterative nature of the EM algorithm, it is rather a re-estimation than estimation Instead of giving...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 10:25

...  Role of Power  Rules for Using Power Role of Power  Power defined:  • Ability or official capacity to exercise control;  authority • Ability to influence or control others  Sources of Power ... Find the Soft Spot  Encourage others to open up • Gain disclosure of something private or  personal about your counterpart • Expression of trust  Identify true motivations and sources  of objections ... Relationship between power &  dependence • Power A, B = Dependence B, A • Power of person A over B is equal to the  dependence of person B on A Rule #6: Power of Who You Know It’s not what you know but who you know...

Ngày tải lên: 22/08/2012, 22:07

... safe financial infrastructural facilities Enforcement is a key ingredient for the integrity of the financial circuit Very often, poor enforcement, rather than lack of rules, is the cause of financial ... evidence CTF clarifies the role of the financial system in the functioning of a monetary market economy of production At the start of the circuit process, the financial system supports real production ... efficiently, the reputational capital of an agent must equal the present value of the stream of future profits, or franchise value, of her business The concept of reputational capital is meaningful...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:33

... of Foreign Trade 2.3 Faculty of Business English Functions & Main Activities of VIFFAS VIFFAS has the function of socio-professional associated organization of the enterprises, irrespective of ... framework on activities of freight forwarders, the quality of services has not met the requirements of the industry's development yet A lack of decrees stipulating activities of air and inland waterway ... developing and increasing the quality of trade services of the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Transport Being the intermediary between enterprises and Government’s offices, VIFFAS has always made...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2012, 16:42

... consequences of infection can be very severe, while the risk of living with one’s beloved cat is practically nill References Angulo FJ, Glaser CA, Juranek DD et al Caring for pets of immunocompromised ... Dis.1994;18:14-24 Han K, Shin DW, Lee TY, et al Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors associated with seropositivity of pregnant women in Korea J Parasitol 2008; 94: 963-965 ... 963-965 Grant S and Olsen CW Preventing zoonotic diseases in immunocompromised persons: the role of physicians and veterinarians Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 159-163 http://www.medsci.org ...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:06

... the preserve of the few (elites) The choice of which language or dialect to use to teach (medium of instruction) reflects the interests of those elite In countries in which one of the languages ... perspective or needs of people from below At least one language of high status is used to exclude speakers of low status languages Marginalized groups are always at the disadvantage of the culture ... majority of people are left out In an education system where English dominates the majority of learners get little benefit from schooling, either in terms of acquiring the necessary language proficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 16:27

... by a bank or a financial institution, using which, the cardholder can gain access to the financial resources of the bank as a line of credit * Classification: There are many types of cards that ... centre of the transaction process, maintaining the flow of funds and information between issuing and acquiring members The exchange of financial information is called clearing The exchange of the ... month, profit of transactions was nearly VND billion, balance of call deposit account was VND 1,425 million Collected service fee of the last quarter of the year was zero because of free issuing...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 12:13

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2013, 17:01

... limitation of means of communication and citizens’ perception The most popular type of advertising is on TV Following is the advertising price chart of some typical types of advertising 65 Number of ... Part I : General knowledge of advertising Some typical concepts of advertising Classifications of advertising Part II : The role of advertising in society Economic effects of advertising a On governments ... has over 70 percent of the soft drink market, and the company's advertising objective is to encourage consumers to drink more Primary demand advertising is often used as part of a promotional strategy...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 11:05