approach to the patient with oliguria and acute renal failure

... that the erosion is the primary lesion and the redness and scale are secondary, while the correct interpretation would be that the patient has a pruritic eczematous dermatitis with erosions caused ... (present in patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis) places the patient in a different diagnostic category than would hemorrhagic papules, which may indicate vasculitis or sepsis (Figs 52-4 and ... instance, the sometimes minor differences in color and shape that distinguish a melanoma (Fig 52-1) from a benign nevomelanocytic nevus (Fig 52-2) can be difficult to recognize To aid in the interpretation...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... epidermal atrophy) Scar: A change in the skin secondary to trauma or inflammation Sites may be erythematous, hypopigmented, or hyperpigmented depending on their age or character Sites on hair-bearing ... Violaceous to purple, polygonal lesions that resemble those seen in lichen planus Milia: Small, firm, white papules filled with keratin Morbilliform: Generalized, small erythematous macules and/ or ... is often the predominant symptom of inflammatory skin diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis); it is also commonly associated with xerosis and aged skin Systemic conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... generalized erythematous exanthem is more likely to have a drug eruption than is a patient with a similar rash limited to the sun-exposed portions of the face Once the distribution of the lesions has ... noted and considered during a physical examination: the distribution of the eruption, the types of primary and secondary lesions, the shape of individual lesions, and the arrangement of the lesions ... patient with cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (Courtesy of Robert Swerlick, MD; with permission.)[newpage] APPROACH TO THE PATIENT: SKIN DISORDER In examining the skin it is usually advisable to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... The distribution of some common dermatologic diseases and lesions Figure 52-7 Psoriasis This papulosquamous skin disease is characterized by small and large erythematous papules and plaques with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... contrast, lesions with a generalized arrangement are common and suggest a systemic etiology Figure 52-9 Erythema multiforme This eruption is characterized by multiple erythematous plaques with a target ... usually represents a hypersensitivity reaction to drugs (e.g., sulfonylamides) or infections (e.g., HSV) (Courtesy of the Yale Resident's Slide Collection; with permission.) Figure 52-10 ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... against the surface of the skin and rotated with downward pressure until it penetrates to the subcutaneous tissue The circular biopsy is then lifted with forceps, and the bottom is cut with iris ... area of skin is anesthetized with 1% lidocaine with or without epinephrine The skin lesion in question can be excised or saucerized with a scalpel or removed by punch biopsy In the latter technique, ... History of allergies Presence of photosensitivity Review of systems Family history (particularly relevant for patients with melanoma, atopy, psoriasis, or acne) 10 Social, sexual, or travel history...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... suspected allergens is applied to the patient' s back under occlusive dressings and allowed to remain in contact with the skin for 48 h The dressings are removed, and the area is examined for evidence ... edematous, erythematous papules and plaques are characteristic of this whealing eruption Wood's Light A Wood's lamp generates 360-nm ultraviolet (or "black") light that can be used to aid the ... reactions (e.g., erythema, edema, or papulovesicles) This test is best performed by physicians with special expertise in patch testing and is often helpful in the evaluation of patients with chronic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... same as the prognosis of the person with aortic stenosis who develops the first symptoms of congestive heart failure (median survival, ~8 months) However, the patient with heart disease ... because the specialized cells fail to perform their assigned task Cancer takes this malfunction one step further Not only is there a failure of the cancer cell to maintain its specialized function, ... of cancer cells is that the patient feels betrayed by his or her body The cancer patient feels that he or she, and not just a body part, is diseased The Magnitude of the Problem No nationwide...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... reveal the chronicity of disease The past medical history may alert the physician to the presence of underlying diseases that may affect the choice of therapy or the side effects of treatment The ... cancer predisposition and point out the need to begin surveillance or other preventive therapy for unaffected siblings of the patient The review of systems may suggest early symptoms of metastatic ... procedure, the diagnosis generally depends on obtaining adequate tissue to permit careful evaluation of the histology of the tumor, its grade, and its invasiveness and to yield further molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) The TNM classification is an anatomically based system that categorizes the tumor on the basis of the size of the primary tumor ... disease (M0 and M1 for the absence and presence, respectively, of metastases) The various permutations of T, N, and M scores (sometimes including tumor histologic grade G) are then broken into stages, ... other prognostic factors have been identified (Chaps 104, 105, and 106) In addition to tumor burden, a second major determinant of treatment outcome is the physiologic reserve of the patient Patients...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... physician also has much to offer the patient for whom curative therapy is no longer an option Often a combination of guilt and frustration over the inability to cure the patient and the pressure of a ... precede or follow other treatment approaches It is best for the treatment plan either to follow a standard protocol precisely or else to be part of an ongoing clinical research protocol evaluating ... modifications of standard protocols are likely to compromise treatment results The choice of treatment approaches was formerly dominated by the local culture in both the university and the practice...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Pregnancy disease, gonadal germ cell tumor Calcitonin Medullary cancer of the thyroid Catecholamines Pheochromocytoma Oncofetal Antigens Alphafetoprotein Hepatocellular carcinoma, gonadal germ Cirrhosis, ... Neuron-specific enolase Lactate dehydrogenase Small cell cancer of the lung,neuroblastoma Lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma Hepatitis, hemolytic many others Tumor-Associated Proteins anemia, Prostate-specific ... Carcinoembryonic antigen Adenocarcinomas hepatitis Pancreatitis, of the colon, pancreas, hepatitis, lung, breast, ovary inflammatory bowel disease, smoking Enzymes Prostatic acid Prostate cancer...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... the success of cancer therapy depends on the success of the supportive care Failure to control the symptoms of cancer and its treatment may lead patients to abandon curative therapy Of equal importance, ... should strive to keep communications open and nonjudgmental, so that patients are more likely to discuss with the physician what they are actually doing The appearance of unexpected toxicity may ... often well educated and may be early in the course of their disease Unsound approaches are usually hawked on the basis of unsubstantiated anecdotes and not only cannot help the patient but may be...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... provocative and palliative factors, and intensity (Chap 12); a review of the oncologic history and past medical history as well as personal and social history; and a thorough physical examination The patient ... signals in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla, the cerebral cortex, and peripherally in the intestinal tract lead to stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla, the motor center ... chemotherapy (Chap 81) Its severity can be predicted from the drugs used to treat the cancer Three forms of emesis are recognized on the basis of their timing with regard to the noxious insult Acute...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... contribute to the sense of vulnerability Juggling the demands of work and family with the demands of treatment may create enormous stresses Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent and needs to be discussed ... may provide more tools in the future as cytokine-mediated mechanisms are further elucidated Psychosocial Support The psychosocial needs of patients vary with their situation Patients undergoing ... another 24 h The tube is then disconnected from suction and allowed to drain by gravity If

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... affected by the diagnosis and is coping with it is an important goal of patient management It is best to speak frankly with the patient and the family regarding the likely course of disease These discussions ... difficult for the physician as well as for the patient and family The critical features of the interaction are to reassure the patient and family that everything that can be done to provide comfort ... disease, and the goal of palliative therapy is embraced in the hope of being able to live with disease; finally, at the disclosure of imminent death, another adjustment in outlook takes place The patient...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... in their published work and were not able to overcome the emerging division of labor between religious and theological studies, on the one hand, and the anthropology of religion, on the other ... theory and philosophy in the interests of actually crossing the divide, while alerting readers to the unresolved philosophical and theoretical issues in the notes.1 The book is not intended to ... consider the merits of two basic approaches to “religious experience,” one in which the religiousness of the experience is understood to be inherent (sui generis) in the experience itself and the other...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:43

... related to the state by equation 1.14 The system matrices A and B relates the current state to the previous stat end the system inputs while the matrix H relates the measurement to the state of the ... able to search outside the information within the population In addition the theory is too simplistic to explain the complex operators and real encoding used in the algorithms developed and applied ... measurements For the first scenario there is no choice but to identify the structural properties of the structure and compare these to some theoretical values in order to identify the magnitude and location...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 22:16

... will then be possible to identify the appetite or attitude to that type of risk, together with the capacity of the organisation to withstand that risk Finally, the organisation can determine the ... made to protocols Monitoring activities should provide assurance that there are appropriate controls in place and that the procedures are understood and followed Changes within the organisation and ... understanding of the potential upside and downside of the factors that can affect an organisation It increases the probability of success and reduces both the probability of failure and the level of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 12:20

... acceptor These results therefore provide evidence that there are differences between the electron transfer pathways towards chelated Fe(III) on the one hand and either U(VI) or Se(VI) on the other ... thought to be composed of cytochromes and a quinone, located in both the cytoplasmic membrane (CymA and menaquinone) and the outer membrane (OmcB, and a partial role for OmcA) [4,9–11] The 21 ... experiment3732 To determine whether the lack of phenotype of omcA– omcB– strains observed during anaerobic growth on either of the electron acceptors U(VI) and Se(VI) is due to the decaheme cytochromes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 09:20