applications of atomic force microscopy in nanomaterials research

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology_Methods in Cell Biology Volume 68 pptx

... understanding of hownanomachines, like kinesin, convert chemical energy into mechanical movement. So far,attempts to satisfactorily explain the function of kinesin using the knowledge gainedby ... andkinematics in addition to the application of other measuring techniques possible. Withthis step in the development of scanning probe instruments, the capability of optical microscopy to investigate ... speciﬁc binding, forinstance, to membrane and other molecular structures for a certain time and to track theirmotion.A. Mechanics of Molecular MotorsKinesins and kinesin-like proteins are of wide...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology ppt

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... understanding of hownanomachines, like kinesin, convert chemical energy into mechanical movement. So far,attempts to satisfactorily explain the function of kinesin using the knowledge gainedby ... forinstance, to membrane and other molecular structures for a certain time and to track theirmotion.A. Mechanics of Molecular MotorsKinesins and kinesin-like proteins are of wide interest in ... structure that interacts with its light chain, binding to the cargo.Several studies on kinesins have shown that the neck and the ﬁrst hinge region of themotor play important roles in kinesin directionality,...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 1 ppt

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... Ricci Atomic Force Microscopy Biomedical Methods and Applications Imaging Methods in AFM 21Form the point of view of biomedical applications, interesting experimentscan be performed by coating ... number of data points per line, obtain-ing at the end a square grid of data points each corresponding to the relative x,y, and z coordinates in space of the sample surface (11).Usually during ... Imaging Methods in AFM 13132Imaging Methods in Atomic Force Microscopy Davide Ricci and Pier Carlo Braga1. IntroductionOne can easily distinguish between two general modes of operation of...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 2 pptx

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... test pattern (as in Fig. 4) will produce an asymmetricprofile. In the case of contaminants, one often notices an abrupt change of detail contrast during scanning and a blurring of the image. Sometimes ... atomic force microscopy tips be inspected by atomic force microscopy? J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 9, 1309–1312.3. Keller, D. and Chou, C. C. (1992) Imaging steep, high structures by scanning force microscopy ... by inducing stress on one surface of the cantilever as the result of denser packing of the molecules (8) or a frequency shift in case of dynamicdetection mode (9) as a result of changes in mass.3....

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 3 pdf

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... washed again in PBS before fixing in 0.01% gluteraldehyde (in S buffer) for 10 min. This is followed by anotherwash in PBS before being thoroughly rinsed in deionized and distilled water.Finally, ... As in the cases described in Subheading 3.1.2., asoft lever (kN < 0.01 N/m) in combination with a low applied force (<1 nN)will enhance information arising from the softer elements of ... strategy togain insight into cytoskeletal dynamics (e.g., refs. 5,12–14). An example of investigations of slow intracellular dynamics is shown in a sequence of images in Fig. 3, where the intracellular...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 4 potx

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... imaging difficulties. The inter-action of glycoaminoglycans chains of the glycocalyx layer with the microscopetip makes the imaging of the fresh tissue difficult (Fig. 6). When the imaging of a ... unevenness of the sample sur-face thus increasing contrast. In addition, information concerning the sample’smolecular composition can be revealed and help in the interpretation of the effect of the ... cellsmeasured by atomic force microscopy: effects of anticytoskeletal drugs and mem-brane crosslinking. Scanning 20, 389–397.20. Kuznetsov, Y. G., Malkin, A. J., and McPherson, A. (1997) Atomic force...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 5 doc

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... 95958Calculation of Cuticle Step Heights from AFM Images of Outer Surfaces of Human HairJames R. Smith1. Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an ideal technique for noninvasiveexamination of hair ... providing a wealth of structural informa-tion not always apparent from electron microscopy. The fine cuticular struc-ture of human head hair is of interest to those engaged in the fields of dermatology ... first line consisting of 500 data points of height valuesrecorded in nanometres. The line of data is then derivatized using a first-orderalgorithm to locate the positions of the cuticle steps...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 6 pdf

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... therecording of pictures with increasing detail. Especially in fluid medium, theinvestigation of active cells offers numerous facts. As an example of dynamicinteractions, a series of images ... magnified in Fig. 6). 116 Bischoff et al.116Fig. 6. Zooming in on frame B of Fig. 5 (same z scale for both figures). Increasing contrast in the deflection mode indicatesgrowing roughness of the ... explained in detail in Fig. 11.7.9. Cells Can Contaminate or Stick to the Scanning TipOccasionally during the scanning procedure, the tip is covered with an in- definite cluster. Tip-biofouling...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 7 pot

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... 135nominal setpoint used during imaging in the case of curve 3, we have an inden-tation of 950 nm, and for curve 4 we find 200 nm. We need to keep thesefeatures and figures in mind in order ... continuously during dem-ineralization in the wet cell of the AFM. Thus, each pixel of a line and each line of ascan represent different exposures and offer a continuous record of the demineraliza-tion ... Bischoff, R., Bischoff, G., and Hein, H J. (2002) Scanning force microscopy (SFM) visualization of adherently growing cells. Am. Biotech. Lab. 3, 20–22.20. Bischoff, R., Bischoff, G., and Hoffmann,...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 8 pptx

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... surrounding intertubular dentin, leaving enlarged tubule lumens (Fig.4B). Exposure increments are continued in steps of 10 s to a minute or more tofollow continued changes in the dentin structure ... νi2)/Ei(6)Indentations can be made at intervals of 1–2 µm using indents of submicro-scopic size (approx 300–500 nm). The spacing is needed to avoid influence of one indent on the adjacent indent ... Nanoindentation of Demineralized Dentin There is considerable interest in measuring dentin or other calcified tissuesas modified by demineralization or hypomineralization. For example, etchingprocedures...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 9 docx

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... (1995) Atomic force microscopy study of fine structures of the entire surface of red bloodcells. Scanning Microscopy 9, 981–988.5. Siedlecki, C. A. and Marchant, R. E. (1998) Atomic force microscopy ... previous scanning tunneling microscope (5), which providedinformation at atomic resolution of specimens that are electrically conducing.Because SFMs involve interactions between atomic forces (about ... Adapting atomic force microscopy for cell biology. Ultramicroscopy 82, 289–195.3. Gunning, P. A., Kirby, A. R., Parker, M. L., Gunning, A. P., and Morris, V. J.(1996) Comparative imaging of Pseudomonas...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 10 potx

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... withdifferent information (Fig. 3). As outlined in Fig. 3, applying low imagingforces will result in a more accurate surface visualization (Fig. 3B), whereasincreasing the force will result in obscuring ... daptomycin: atomic force microscopy investigation.Chemotherapy 14, 336-341.14. Nagao, E. and Dvorak, J. A. (1999) Developing the atomic force microscope forstudies of living cells. Intern. ... Wisse1. Introduction In 1986, Binnig et al. (1) revolutionized microscopy through the invention of the atomic force microscope (AFM). Subsequently, commercial instruments of this new imaging technique...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 2 Part 1 ppsx

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... AFM of Protein Complexes 21721716 Atomic Force Microscopy of Protein ComplexesOlga I. Kiselyova and Igor V. Yaminsky1. IntroductionScanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a rather new family of ... versa. (D) Increasing the inte-gral gain (see Note 16 during imaging resulted in an artifact-free image and reveal typi-cal jasplakinolide-induced changes, that is, a loss of jasplakinolide A-sensitive ... marked line in (A). AFM Imaging of Living Cells 2093.5.3. Tip-Induced Smearing In general, the lateral force can wipe away or smear out surface features,whereas the constant force can deform soft...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 2 Part 2 ppt

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... degree of tilt of the molecules in the gelcompared with the fluid phase because the depression of the tip in a softer fluidphase varies depending on the composition of this phase. In case of BLES, ... edge of the geldomains (indicated by letter C in the images) in (A) are not smooth but contain differ-ent filamentous structure and microdomain (arrow) protruding from such domains asshown in ... states using a combination of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) (9). Monolayer films have also become a standard model for studying lipid–protein interactions and associations in biological...

Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 2 Part 3 pps

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... (6–9).Since its invention in 1986, the use of the atomic force microscopy (AFM)has become a standard technique on various biological applications, includingchromosomes (10–12), not requiring, ... loading force. Do not exceed a loading force of 1 nN.Start with a loading force of 0.5 nN and then switch to the image. When thecantilever is in contact with the cell surface, increase the integral ... part of the force curve and the set-point line. This value (in nm) multiplied by the spring constant gives the loading force (for details, seeAppendix). You should not exceed a loading force of...