application of multimetric and multivariate approaches in community ecotoxicology

... partitioned into those resulting from random loss of species, nonrandom loss of species, and changes in functioning of remaining species Much of the debate about the relationship between biodiversity and ... Although our understanding of the mechanistic linkages between community structure and ecosystem function remains limited, it is becoming increasingly apparent that alterations in ecosystem processes ... determined by dominance of invertebrate shredders Detrital processing rates were higher and showed an asymptotically increasing relationship with species richness in streams with high dominance, indicating...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:58

... remaining of the DFT PAND gate (F,F,F) (T,F,T) (T,T,T) Fig Left: Markov chain of the PAND gate with two inputs Failure transitions are in black straight lines and the repairing transitions in ... processors and the initial paths are in black while the correction step is in dotted red lines of the simulation For instance in the left part of Fig 1, the exact sample path is computed after round of ... [5]) and vector (X1 , Xn , W1 , Wp ) where n is the number of components of the models (and leaves of the DFT) and p is the number of PAND gates in the model Xi represent the state of component...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 09:09

... IMF indicator for 1986-95 Levine and his coauthors, in a series of papers (King and Levine 1993; Levine and Zervos 1998; Beck, Levine, and Loayza 2000), find that financial or stock market development ... data and coding rules as Quinn 1997 The range of information allows us to compute meaningful indicators of change in capital account regulation, and it also allows us to enter a wide array of information ... this investigation, DEMOCRACY (This indicator is also used the World Bank 1997, 112.) Missing data are interpolated linearly Singapore in PWT 6.0 contain a few missing data points In constructing...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 08:50

... correlations in the changes in interest rates, insignificant negative correlations in the convexity, and insignificant negative correlations in the change in slope for bonds with longer maturities, and insignificant ... definitive and comprehensive guidance on the assessment of single-obligor default risk and for the bottom-up analysis of risk and return of credit portfolios To get a better understanding of ... changes in credit spread and the changes in interest rate Some find positive correlations between the levels of credit spread and interest rate, and positive correlations between default rate and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 11:21

... replication Training of Panelists Nine panelists (six women and three men) were selected from the University based on availability, previous training and liking of cheese The panelists were trained for ... statistical modeling may be useful in determining the consumer acceptability of Cheddar cheese, and its usefulness in explaining consumer acceptability should be compared to preference mapping because ... evaluation of dairy products Food and chemical references as well as cheese samples were used in the training A 15-point intensity line scale where = “not detected” and 15 = “extremely strong” in respect...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... reflect of environment or situation Observing and analyzing is a mission of managers to make his/her subordinates high feeling, spirit, and a little bit of changing basic personality In deed, ... independent in their job, Ballmer has ordered array of meetings, reviews and examine “He says the company’s core value of honesty, integrity, and respect must shine through with customers, partners, and ... tech industry” In sum up, under Ballmer’s hand, Microsoft has made its own culture that has created specific image in industry • Competitor of Microsoft’s software company: Mozilla – Producer of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:50

... Aviation Administration and placed under the control of the U.S Department of Transportation (DOT) Beginning in the 1970s, the inefficiency of the government regulated airline industry became of paramount ... environment of the industry The airline industry is very labor intensive Coupled with strong airline labor unions, airline industry employees have significant bargaining power and the industry has ... Comparisons of CEO compensation and firm performance in the U.S airline industry may aid those seeking to invest in the industry as well as forward looking investment decisions by various groups interested...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... Regularities in the Response of Stock Prices to Bond Rating Changes” Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 4, 460-479 Cossin, C., T Hricko, D Aunon-Nerin, and Z Huang, 2002 "Exploring the Determinants ... reference entity and observed whether a particular rating event occurred in the 30 days following the end of the interval Those intervals that contained a rating event of any kind were eliminated, thus ... adjusted spread change in a 30-day interval, P is the probability of a rating event during the 30 days following the end of the interval, and a and b are constants We determined a and b from a maximum...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... factors and relationships, including the influences of international organisations and partnerships These will be vitally important in bringing understanding of, and action by, countries and industry ... online news media and magazines instead of newspapers; and using online movies and music instead of their physical analogues Other examples include reducing physical mail and paper use; online ... teleworking by individuals and use of teleworking by businesses, use of business processes such as video-conferencing, e-commerce (by businesses and individuals), and trends in paper use and changes...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... customer numbers In 2010, Techcombank continued reinforcing and investing in non-financial innovations, as following:  Continue building and developing technological infrastructure, business model ... are set, and action is taken Moreover, managing performance through objectives, investing for increasing rates of return, quickly starting and killing initiatives, and rapidly confronting problems ... culture and the innovations of managerial accounting in Techcombank iii Understand why and how the corporate culture influences on the use of managerial accounting innovations in Techcombank iv Find...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... river, and affected to people who lives along Thi Vai river); food poisoning (case of Melamine infected in infant milk); and other cheating in selling products to customers (the fraud in selling ... Vietnamese biggest company in food and beverage industry From establishing in 1976, Vinamilk has successful in operating business, since 2008 to now, Vinamilk has started aligning CSR into company’s strategy ... the intension to find out CSR implementing situation of companies in Ha Noi, this study is conducted The objective of this study is to assess the understanding of Vietnamese individual people and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... available and its binding affinity is not altered by the presence of DNA in the DNA binding site Interestingly, when nM RNA and 10 nM DNA were added simultaneously to a limiting amount of protein in ... stringent concentration of KCl, there was a correlation between inhibition of endonuclease activity and inhibition of splicing activity indicating that RNA binding can be monitored by measuring ... determine the relative stoichiometry of RNA and DNA binding, nitrocellulose filter binding assays were performed (Fig 4A) Both DNA and RNA substrates saturated limiting amounts of protein in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... sample means and standard deviations of the variables reported in the third column (fd) of Table in Appendix A An average man of 1.79 meters (5 feet and 10 inches) who lives in a ‘sprawling’ neighborhood ... begin by pooling the data over all years and estimating equation (2) to give the correlation between bmi and our measures of residential-sprawl and mixed-use We include a set of year dummies in ... development and mixed-use, which describes the neighborhood supply of retail destinations and churches In what follows we describe the construction of these two landscape variables in turn Our measure of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 11:20

... affects granting and pricing of loans to firms and households The price of bank loans is a key factor in determining final demand and consequently inflation in an economy (Kwapil and Scharler, ... market and demand factors that affect the definition of bank rates, as for example banking competition, size of banks, level of development of financial markets, and even aspects affecting each single ... following years were characterized by continuous increases in official interest rates and consequently in interbank rates The last critical point is at the end of 2008, when the current financial...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... proxy of the Internet’s development and use It reflects a more profound and increased use of broadband infrastructure deployment, and greater intensity of use of broadband based services in a ... audience Paper/printing 59 The development of Gutenberg’s printing press and moveable type in the 15th century marked the beginning of the truly broad distribution of information by creating a much ... for recording and disseminating information in printed form In the 1470’s, an Italian bishop explained that 15 three printers working for three months could produce 300 copies of a single book...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... is plotted against temperature in the presence and absence of substrate at pH and pH 5, respectively Interestingly, upon binding of the substrate, an increase in the fluorescence intensity (data ... pH 8.0 (Fig 3A and B), or pH (Fig 3C and D) shows interestingly that the unfolding of the protein and the release of the substrate coincide at both pH 5.0 and pH 8.0 This would indicate that while ... change in the fluorescence intensity of the sample at 340 nm was plotted as a function of temperature and differentiated by using Origin 6.0 graphics and data analyses software The culmination point...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20