application of life cycle assessment
handbook of pollution control & waste minimization
... Part IV Life Cycle 15 Pollution Prevention and Life Cycle Assessment Mary Ann Curran and Rita C Schenck Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved 16 Application of Life Cycle Assessment ... environmental and human health impacts based on the results of the life cycle inventory Life cycle inventory An objective, data-based process of quantifying energy and raw material requirements, air ... The ratio of the weight of a given volume of a substance at a given temperature to the weight of an equal volume of a standard substance at the same temperature Strata Distinct beds of rock, which...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_1 pdf
... number of useful years of a project municipal solid waste Notice of Violation National Priorities List preliminary assessment personal protective equipment Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment ... finding of no significant impact This document will include a brief discussion of the need for the proposal, of alternatives as required by EPA regulations, of the environmental impacts of the ... products, and profit The second area, the boundary of the facility, is where the bulk of waste management is located, including recycle, reuse, treatment, source control, etc Lines of these two...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_2 pot
... software used by site personnel to maintain chemical inventories may serve the purposes of both SARA and OSHA compliance processes Data Object Data Object … … Software Software Application Application ... as the design of a product and its associated manufacturing processes Ultimately, the environmental effectiveness of the product throughout its life cycle, in terms of protection of human health ... thereof This, perhaps, is the point of departure of this approach from conventional thinking about integration—we seek to achieve the benefits of integrated information while valuing diversity of...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_3 ppt
... preparation of European standards relating to the essential requirements, in particular, the preparation of European standards relating to: Criteria and methodologies for life- cycle analysis of packaging ... operations are disposed of The manufacturing has to avoid the presence of noxious and other hazardous substances and materials as constituents of the packaging material or of any of the packaging components ... properties and characteristics of the packaging shall enable a number of trips or rotations in normally predictable conditions of use and offer the possibility of processing the used packaging...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_4 docx
... dislocation of communities and loss of wildlife (6) Dam failure can cause catastrophic floods and thousands of deaths Sedimentation often fills reservoirs rapidly and reduces the usefulness of the ... internalization of the many hidden costs of driving would be the implementation of an insurance program based on the average number of miles a driver travels This would link a portion of drivers’ ... Fifteen percent of the world’s oil is consumed by automobiles and light trucks in the United States alone (Office of Technology Assessment, 1991, as cited in Ref 4) About 75% of all freight in...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_5 potx
... concentration of X” and X is “the flux of X.” The terms of this equation can be interpreted as follows: ∂ [X] = rate of change of the concentration of X ∂t −∇ ⋅ (X) = net influx of X [X]gen = ... the flow rate of X across control surface i The terms of Eq (1) can be interpreted as follows: dX dt = rate of change of X inside the control volume ⋅ ∑(X )i = sum of flow rates of X across the ... per unit mass of stream i; E i ≡ energy per unit mole of stream i ^ ~ S i ≡ entropy per unit mass of stream i; S i ≡ entropy per unit mole of stream i Ti ≡ absolute temperature of CS i F ≡ net...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_6 ppt
... processes from biofilms to slime layers Biofilms are used for facilitating biooxidation reactions of contaminated gas emissions Slime layers are utilized for biofiltration 3.2.1 Biofiltration The ... removed 200 g/m3 of solvent per hour at an OLR of 600 m3/m3 filter/h (134) Other researchers have proven the ability of mixed consortia to remove over 90% of a BTEX-contaminated off-gas (131,135) ... ratio recommended for bioremediation applications is 100:10:1 (77,93,94) For example, 150 mg of nitrogen and 30 mg of phosphorous would be required to degrade g of a theoretical hydrocarbon into...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_7 pdf
... order of Pb > Cu > Cd ≈ Zn > Ni (225) When Candida sp is used as the source of live biomass, selectivity order changes for three of the metals, to Cd > Cu > Ni The differences in degree of sorption ... Recovery Microbial immobilization of heavy metals is used more for the recovery of specific metal ions The ability of the microbes to immobilize the metals is an extension of its normal survival mechanism ... over a longer period of time, other bacteria were able to facilitate the precipitation of the metals (228) Precipitation occurred as a result of the microbial excretion of organic acids, enzymes,...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_8 pot
... sensitivity of amperometry with new chemistries and biochemistries Such manipulation of the molecular architecture of the detector surface offers new levels of reactivity that greatly expand the scope of ... more general area of environmental applications, significant work has been done on the treatment of streams containing metals There has been a great deal of interest in the use of ion-exchange ... deployed probes would offer direct and reliable assessment of the fate and gradient of contaminants sites, while greatly reducing the huge analytical costs While the concept of “lab-oncable” is...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_9 potx
... of industrial pollution prevention, beginning with a brief definition of a pollution prevention opportunity assessment, followed by a discussion of life cycle assessment (LCA) UNDERSTANDING OF ... automatic shutoff of chemical feed systems Segregation of effluents, wastes, and emissions needs to be provided to prevent issues with chemical incompatibility, facilitation of recycle and reuse, ... sources of waste solvent that are generated and identify the quantities per unit of time, quantities per unit of production, and characteristics of the waste solvent source(s) Develop a list of options...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_10 pot
... major barrier is the lack of knowledge of the life cycle concept Producers need to be made aware of the life cycle impacts that their activities carry and the importance of going beyond meeting ... each stage life cycle begins and ends The general scope of each stage can be described as follows Raw materials acquisition This stage of the life cycle of a product includes the removal of raw materials ... not only of the production phase but of the acquisition of raw materials, transportation, product use, and final disposal as well This type of holistic evaluation is called a life cycle assessment...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_11 pptx
... Environmental Management Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Impact Assessment, ISO 14042, 2000 International Standards Organization, Environmental Management Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Interpretation, ... Rights Reserved 16 Application of Life Cycle Assessment W David Constant Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana INTRODUCTION Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) ... soil Life cycle cost The sum of all discounted costs of acquiring, owning, operating, and maintaining a project over the study period (i.e., the life of the product or process) Comparing life cycle...
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Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization_12 pot
... detailed assessment were consistent with the findings of the screening assessment, thus validating the screening assessment approach in the context of hazards analysis.” 4.1.3 Tier Assessments ... earlier, this assessment must be ongoing REFERENCES T E Graedel, Streamlined Life- Cycle Assessment, pp 97–98 Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998 P C Schulze (ed.), Measures of Environmental ... one-half million acres of forest west of the Rio Grande at an application rate of about 140,000 ppm (21) DDT and dichlorodiphenylethelyne (DDE), a DDT breakdown product, were two of the three top contaminants...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Findings from the application of coal combustion by-products (CCB) for forest reclamation on spoil banks of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin" pdf
... 0.3 m in size Assessment of soil properties of Anthroposols and growth vitality of the forest tree species plants: the assessment of texture, chemical and other soil properties of Anthroposols ... the application of CCB J FOR SCI., 55, 2009 (3): 137–144 Fig Fraxinus excelsior L in the treatment with the application of CCB Fig Populus tremula L in the treatment with the application of CCB ... result of CCB application The soil-forming process of the soil horizon influenced by CCB ploughing-in is characterized at the age of 7 years by an invariability of the achieved initial state of improvement...
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báo cáo khoa học: "Interventions encouraging the use of systematic reviews by health policymakers and managers: A systematic review" ppsx
... to assess randomised trials were concealment of allocation, follow up of professionals, follow up of patients or episodes of care, blinded assessment of primary outcome(s), baseline Perrier et ... Michael’s Hospital; Office of Continuing Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ... intervention), nature of the intervention (e.g., training, mode of payment, team approach), number of components included in the intervention, source and authors of the intervention (e.g., professional...
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Báo cáo y học: " Use of Chinese medicine by cancer patients: a review of surveys" pps
... 11 of the 81 studies Usage ranged from a low prevalence of 0.7% to a high prevalence of 94.4%, with an average use rate of 35.6% Acupuncture prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 17.1% with a mean of ... number of surveys were conducted in North America, the United States (US) in particular (33.3%) Sample sizes of the studies ranged from 16 to 22,352 with a median of 189 participants Two thirds of ... http://www.cmjournal.org/content/6/1/22 Page of Data extraction The following data was extracted: country of study, number of study participants, type of study (quantitative, qualitative, mixed),...
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Common errors in the use of adjectives made by the students in grade eleven at hoang quoc viet high school
... Result of the survey In the first part of the survey, the students were asked to give their selfassessment of their English levels and their understandings of verbal types A great number of them ... learners of English often make when they use the adjectives Therefore, it is essential to have a comprehensive study of common errors in the use of adjectives I.2 Adjectives I.2.1 Definition of adjectives ... Errors in the use of adverbs instead of adjectives after linking verbs Errors in the use of adverbs instead of adjectives after the objects (as object complement) Errors in the use of adjectival...
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