anatomy of the skin surface

... activities at their surface All three hypothesized roles of these ribonucleases on the skin (protection against foreign pathogens like RNA-viruses, prevention of the activation of the immune system ... skin than in the blood plasma Because most current therapies based on mRNA are delivered through the skin, we focused the rest of our study on the ribonuclease activity of skin surfaces Figure ... media and on the surface of the skin In order to gain more insights into the fundamental functions of extracellular ribonucleases, we investigated their diversity, their activity and their specificity...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... dermatologist—we were able to widen the scope of this book from the skin surface to the entire skin This is also reflected in the change of the volume title, Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Imaging and Analysis ... in the classification of skin lesions However, the image contains only the information from the skin surface, and strong reflections of light partly disturb the visibility of the lesion In the ... softens the horny layer Sebum production on the face adds lubricity, but can also make the skin look and feel greasy The temperature of the skin surface may also contribute to the appearance of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:21

... to 80% of the dry weight of skin consists of collagen The most abundant collagen types in skin are types I and III; the former accounts for 80% of the total collagen content of skin and the latter ... Thinning of the dermis Hyperextensible skin Thinning of skin Fragility of skin Osteogenesis imperfecta Thin, fragile skin Scleroderma Thickening and stiffening of skin Tumorlike thickening of skin ... the upward phase From this point, the residuaL extension can be measured Plammetry of the area below the upward curve, and of the area between the hysteresis loop, allows the calculation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... function The impact of the parasympathetic nervous system on the skin, however, is of negligible importance in humans The skin is › › › › This chapter describes anatomy and function of the sympathetic ... flow The autonomic innervation of the skin mostly belongs to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system The postganglionic nerve fibers run in peripheral nerves to the skin, where they ... of the genitalia The vast majority of vessels in the dermis are surrounded by nerves, which run along with them but not innervate them Studies of cutaneous vessels Chapter Neuroanatomy of the Skin...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... back of the hoof, thicken, spread upwards, an overhang the heels as the bulbs of the heels (26) The bulbs of the heels together with the frog are the homologue of the digital pad The dermis of the ... its tendon of origin crosses the median plane The tendon of origin, and that of the pectineus of the other side, thus form the bulk of the prepubic tendon The spindle-shaped belly of the pectineus ... lie under the skin just proximal to the hoof, others reach the digital veins directly from the axial surface of the hoof cartilages b) See p 10 for the DISPOSITION OF THE DEEP FASCIA of metatarsus...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 14:03

... Neck Surface Anatomy of the Back Surface Markings of the Back Surface Anatomy of the Thorax Surface Markings of the Thorax Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen Surface Markings of the Abdomen Surface Anatomy ... Markings of the Abdomen Surface Anatomy of the Perineum Surface Markings of the Perineum Surface Anatomy of the Upper Extremity Surface Markings of the Upper Extremity Surface Anatomy of the Lower ... VII The Veins Introduction The Pulmonary Veins The Systemic Veins a The Veins of the Heart b The Veins of the Head and Neck The Veins of the Exterior of the Head and Face The Veins of the Neck The...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:35

... Diagnosis of Pigmented Lesions of the Skin The Board of the Consensus Netmeeting agreed on a two-step procedure for the classification of pigmented lesions of the skin (see Fig. I.3.7) [6] The first ... clues are the presence at the lateral edges of the lesion of conventional complexes of nevoid melanocytes, the restriction of the fibrotic changes to the center of it, and the absence of prominent ... layer throughout the entire length of the lesion [77] This finding suggests a role of the peculiar anatomy of these regions in the genesis of the atypical histopathological features of acral melanocytic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 17:23

... than lighterskinned whites In keeping with the role of sun exposure, the incidence is inversely correlated with the latitude of residence; at any latitude, darker-skinned persons have the lowest ... common cancer in men (5% of cancers) and the sixth most common in women (4% of cancers) The tumor can affect adults of all ages, even young individuals (starting in the mid-teens); has distinct ... excision is possible; and is located on the skin surface, where it is visible The incidence has increased dramatically (6% per year from 1973 to 1980, then 3% per year) Current lifetime risk...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Superficial spreading melanoma is the most frequent variant observed in the white population Melanomas arising in dysplastic nevi (see below) are usually of this type The back is the most common site for ... melanomas can be amelanotic, in which case the diagnosis is established histologically after biopsy of a new or changing skin nodule or because of a suspicion of a basal cell carcinoma (see below) ... blue-black predominantly a During much of this time, the precursor stage, lentigo maligna, is confined to the epidermis Source: Adapted from AJ Sober, in Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases, NA Soter,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... other Shape Irregular borders; Round; sharp, clear-cut pigment may fade off into borders between the nevus and surrounding skin; macular the surrounding skin; may be portion at the edge of the ... Sun-exposed areas; the Generally on the sun- back is the most common site, exposed surfaces of the skin but dysplastic nevi may also be above the waist; the scalp, seen on the scalp, breasts, and breasts, ... Academy of Dermatology, the National Cancer Institute, and the Skin Cancer Foundation Self-examination at 6- to 8-week intervals may enhance the likelihood of detecting change The importance of routine...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... configuration The lesion may have an excess of thick, coarse hairs The risk of melanoma developing in these lesions is not known but appears to be relatively small The management of small- to ... D—diameter >6 mm (the size of a pencil eraser) Of these criteria, the weakest is diameter >6 mm since a significant fraction of melanomas are now diagnosed with diameters

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... excision of the lesion with a margin of normal skin is necessary to remove all malignant cells and minimize possible local recurrence The appropriate width of the margin is a source of controversy ... bone pain The physical examination should be directed especially to the skin, regional draining lymph nodes, central nervous system, liver, and spleen In the absence of signs or symptoms of metastasis, ... node(s) from the primary site is/are identified by injecting a blue dye and a radioisotope around the primary site The initial draining node(s) is/are then identified by inspection of the nodal...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... 70–80% of NMSCs Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), while representing only ~20% of NMSC, are more significant because of their ability to metastasize (Fig 83-2); they account for most of the 2400 ... eroded plaque on the lower lip Sun-exposed skin such as the head, neck, hands, and arms are other typical sites of involvement C Actinic keratoses consists of hyperkeratotic erythematous papules ... disease may also prove applicable in the adjuvant setting The absence of curative therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma underscores the importance of early detection and prevention as...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... decrease the rate of NMSC in xeroderma pigmentosum Squamous Cell Carcinoma The therapy of cutaneous SCC should be based on an analysis of risk factors influencing the biologic behavior of the tumor These ... These include the size, location, and degree of histologic differentiation of the tumor as well as the age and physical condition of the patient Surgical excision, MMS, and radiation therapy are ... unknown On the other hand, MMS, a specialized type of surgical excision that permits the best histologic control and preservation of uninvolved tissue, is associated with cure rates >98% It is the preferred...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... WH Jr et al: The histogenesis and biologic behavior of primary human malignant melanoma of the skin Cancer Res 29:705, 1969 [PMID: 5773814] Friedman RI et al (eds): Cancer of the Skin Philadelphia, ... 1991 ——— et al: Malignant melanoma in the 1990s: The continued importance of early detection and the role of physician examination and self-examination of the skin CA Cancer J Clin 1:201, 1991 Kirkwood ... interferon-a2a: Effective combination therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin J Natl Cancer Inst 84:235, 1992 [PMID: 1734084] Marks R: An overview of skin cancers Incidence and causation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... over the time pre- The 24 cases of amputations (42.1%) also reflected the selection of local advanced disease Sixteen of 24 cases (66.7%) were T4 Most of them had no possibility to try other ... Carcinoma of the skin of the trunk and limbs: The incidence of metastases and their outcome Aust N Z J Surg 1992, 62:697-701 Ames FC, Hickey RC: Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the extremities ... was the only statistically significant factor: of 11 patients with preceding chronic skin lesion at the site of SCC presented lymph node metastasis, versus of 35 (p = 0.050) The mean time of presentation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:21

... algorithmic approach to the treatment of chronic wounds The caring of wounds has always been the realm of the various branches of surgery Dermatology, on the other hand, being the medical science ... Leaking of plasma through the permeable vessels into surrounding tissue causes the site of the injury to become swollen Due to the secretion of various chemical substances, the area may show other ... assist physicians in the treatment of chronic wounds, and that it will ultimately serve to reduce the immense suffering of those afflicted Note to the Reader Neither the authors nor the publishers...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... establishment of the unique scientific branch of histopathology by Virchow [26] in the middle of the nineteenth century is the basis for our understanding of the processes of Fig 3.8 The significance of a ... GD: Formation of the scab and the rate of epithelization of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig Nature 1962; 193 : 293–294 30 Hinman CD, Maibach H: Effect of air exposure ... equilibrium between the synthesis of new stable collagen and the lysis of old collagen is the hallmark of this phase Collagen type III, synthesized in the first few weeks, is replaced by the more stable...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... affected than the lateral This finding is attributed to the anatomy of the venous system, in which a larger mass of venous vessels is located medially Therefore, the medial aspects of the legs are ... glucocorticoid therapy may be detrimental to the quality of the skin in these cases, thus further hindering the repair of cutaneous ulcers Vasculitic involvement may induce ulceration in other connective ... identification of the ulcer’s cause The general appearance of the ulcer surface and its depth are less relevant with respect to etiology Surface Area The presence of a purulent discharge or a crust on the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... Assessment of the ulcer area Depth The presence and extent of undermining Parameters of wound/ulcer infection Assessment of the appearance of the ulcer surface Then we detail parameters of assessment ... places The extent of undermining can be drawn on the skin around the ulcer These markings are important for assessing the progress of the ulcer and the effectiveness of treatment Additionally, the ... Extravasation of red blood cells – secondary to injury of the blood vessels Other signs of damage to the wall may be present, such as the degeneration of collagen fibers, and the necrosis of endothelial...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20