an introduction to objectoriented systems development with jade

... selfexplanatory Note: Examples to illustrate various specific rules are left in the book as an exercise No answer provided Restrict: Also self-explanatory Note: The subsection says: "An attempt to ... first approach) is to different things depending on whether the join is one-to-one, many-to-one, or many-to-many In other words, the suggestion is that in certain circumstances we can "remove a proposition" ... become so ubiquitous that the unqualified term view has come to mean, almost always, a "materialized view" specifically! And so we no longer have a good term to use when we want to refer to a view

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... redundancy has been eliminated Thus, we can change the status for London from 20 to 30 by changing it once and for all in the relevant CS tuple 12.3 1NF, 2NF, 3NF Mostly self-explanatory Another ... AC E Now, can be replaced by: D → A and D → C Next, and together imply that can be replaced by: A → C But now we have D → A and A → C, so D → C is implied (by transitivity) and so can be dropped, ... began to panic: Where's this all going to end? Will there be a 6th, a 7th, an 8th, a 9th, a 10th, normal form? Will there ever be an end to this progression? Well, I'm pleased to be able to

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... answer to Exercise 12 . 7 to take this fact into account Answer: We don't give a full answer here, but remark that the techniques illustrated in the answer to Exercise 12 . 5 are relevant ... often possible to do so in practical cases. To revert to the company database example: As a subsidiary exercise──not much to do with normalization as such, but very relevant to database design ... DEPT#, DBUDGET, and MGR_EMP# are self-explanatory, but attributes XEMP0, XPROJ0, and XOFFICE0 are relation-valued and do require a little more explanation: • The XPROJ0 value within a given

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... necessary is to replace the references to FDs and BCNF by analogous references to MVDs and 4NF, thus: 1. Initialize D to contain just R. 2. For each non4NF relvar T in D, execute Steps 3 and 4. ... and key constraints that apply to R, and so R isn't in DK/NF. The sad fact is, not all relvars can be reduced to DK/NF; nor do we know the answer to the question "Exactly when can ... can complete The rule is necessary to ensure that the restart procedure can recover any transaction that completed successfully but didn't manage to get its updates physically written to

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... idea is to allow an implementation to use some nonlocking scheme if it wants to.) Explain phantoms and the basic idea (only) of predicate locking. Mention access path locking as an implementation ... locking theorem (important!) and the two-phase locking protocol. If A and B are any two transactions in some serializable schedule, then either B can see A's output or A can see B's. ... the morning. The solution to the problem is to introduce a mechanism (door locks) and a protocol for using that mechanism (lock the bathroom door if you don't want to be disturbed).

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... ones are right and which wrong, all answers become suspect) It's important to understand too that it's not just queries that directly involve nulls that can give wrong answers──all answers become ... A AND NOT(A) AND B AND NOT(B) A NOT(A) B NOT(B) A OR B A AND B A OR NOT(B) A AND NOT(B) NOT(A) OR B NOT(A) AND B NOT(A) OR NOT(B) NOT(A) AND NOT(B) (NOT(A) OR B) AND (NOT(B) OR A) (NOT(A) AND ... question Could perhaps sidetrack to review the origins of SQL here, and the current ironical situation, if the instructor is familiar with this story and wants to discuss it (see reference [4.16]).

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... concerned primarily with inheritance as a semantic modeling tool rather than as a software engineering tool, though we (i.e., Hugh Darwen and myself) believe the model described can meet the usual ... our hands if they weren't). And, of course, an analogous argument applies to cycles of any length. 20.3 Polymorphism and Substitutability Really the same thing. Note the need to ... multiple inheritance. ────────── Explain the SQL analog of circles and ellipses. Inheritance not of constraints and (read-only) operators but structure and (all) operators; explain implications!

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... cleansed, transformed and consolidated, loaded into the decision support database, and then periodically refreshed." 22.3 Controlled redundancy is redundancy that's known to and ... detail and summary information "by hand" is an example of uncontrolled redundancy. Redundancy is important for decision support because it can make query formulation simpler and query ... "valid time vs transaction time"; implementation and optimization; "cyclic point types"; granularity and scale; continuous point types; and (important!) syntactic shorthands for many of the foregoing

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... relations r1 and r2 were both to include distinct FROM and TO attributes (albeit with different names in each case), instead of a single DURING attribute, and suppose we were to join r1 and r2 to produce ... aren't applicable only to "logic-based systems"──they can be used in conventional systems too, as the annotation to reference [18.22] explains) Answers to Exercises 24.1 a. ... increases, and it has the potential to give rise to serious human errors. What's more, the difficulties would be compounded if we were to discard some of the FROMs and/or TOs by means of

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... encapsulates state and behavior; an instance of a class Instance: A concrete manifestation of an abstraction; an entity to which a set of operations can be applied and that has a state that stores the ... won't be relevant any more, and on and on Pretty strong claims for something that started out to be, in essence, nothing more than an approach to the data interchange problem! (To quote the ... seems to mean the code that implements that operator. Yet another example of confusing model and implementation? ────────── There are certain operators I'd insist on, too: Selectors

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... the user to navigate to the others. • The World Wide Web is the agggregate of information stored on the Internet, together with the associated Web standards for interfaces and protocols by ... ID and IDREF." As for the relative advantages and disadvantages of using attributes, here are some relevant considerations: • Elements can contain links to other resources (using XLink and ... communicating with each other via a common transmission and communication protocol called TCP/IP. Users have a variety of tools available for locating information and sending and receiving

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... decide to cover the material in a live class, however, then I leave it to you as to which topics you want to emphasize and which omit (if any) Note that the appendix as a whole is concerned only with ... RECURSIVE form of WITH • Nonscalar s • The ONLY variants of and • The GROUPING SETS, ROLLUP, and CUBE options on GROUP BY • BETWEEN, OVERLAPS, and SIMILAR conditions • Everything to with nulls We ... in any case (b) not too many people were all that familiar with it Neither of these reasons seems valid today: a First, storage structures and access methods have grown into a large field in

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... speaking, for example, about dominant-strategy solutions. Finally, we need to extend the concept of mechanism design to Bayesian settings. Given our understanding of Bayesian games (see Section 5.6), ... Finally, a mechanism is a solution to the problem if the Bayes-Nash equilibria of any (Bayesian) game it creates always lead to desired outcomes. A classical example of Bayesian mechanism design ... In other words, any solution to a mechanism design problem can be converted into one in which agents always reveal their true preferences. The proof is by construction, and can be explained informally.

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:21

... reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ- ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing ... tracking, and environmental and security surveillance Weapons safing, arming, and fusing Integrated microoptomechanical components for identify-friend-or-foe systems Head- and night-display systems Low-power, ... 197 Microelectromechanical Resonators 200 Comb-Drive Resonators 201 Beam Resonators 203 Coupled-Resonator Bandpass Filters 206 Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators 208 Microelectromechanical Switches 211 Membrane Shunt...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... States and sponsored by SPIE of Bellingham, Washington. • Micro Total Analysis Systems (µTAS): a conference focusing on microanalyti - cal and chemical systems. It is an annual meeting and alternates ... Informationstechnik GmbH of Teltow, Ger- many, and is available on-line. • Micro/Nano Newsletter: a publication companion to “R&D Magazine” with news and updates on micromachined devices and nanoscale-level technologies. ... a few nanometers to hundreds of microns. Standard photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of 1 µm to1 0 µm, but special photoresists such as the epoxy-based SU-8 [6] can form layers up to 100...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... mathematics and these sciences. The goal of scientists and applied mathematicians is to find nature’s unifying ideas or laws and to fashion a language to describe these ideas. It is critical to the advancement of ... col- leagues and students too numerous to mention. Suggestions that led to major improvements in the text were made by Clark Robinson, Eric Kostelich, Ittai Kan, Karen Brucks, Miguel San Juan, and Brian ... phenomena we want to explain are easier to describe and understand in the context of maps; however, since the time of Newton the scientific view has been that nature has arranged itself to be most...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:08

... Informationstechnik GmbH of Teltow, Ger- many, and is available on-line. • Micro/Nano Newsletter: a publication companion to “R&D Magazine” with news and updates on micromachined devices and nanoscale-level technologies. ... thanks to miniature read and write heads. And finally, as the patient went to sleep, an array of micromirrors projected a pleasant high-definition television image onto a suspended screen. Many ... and Europe. • Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop (Hilton-Head): held in even years in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and sponsored by the Transducers Research Foundation of Cleveland,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... Micro; and Stephen Durant and Christopher Eide of Morrison and Foerster. Evan Green and Carter Hand of New Focus were kind enough to review portions of the manuscript. Thanks go to our editor, ... reliability and quality assurance. We added several references to each chapter to direct the advanced reader to the source of the material. We also expanded the glossary to assist the novice in understanding and ... reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ- ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... or photoresist, can be deposited with varying thicknesses from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns. Standard photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of 1 µm to1 0 µm, but special photoresists ... references to each chapter to direct the advanced reader to the source of the material. We also expanded the glossary to assist the novice in understanding and relating to a new terminology. Many people ... and Christopher Eide of Morrison and Foerster. Evan Green and Carter Hand of New Focus were kind enough to review portions of the manuscript. Thanks go to our editor, Mark Walsh, for his unwavering...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... access to a scanner, scan in a photograph, and experiment with all the possible scanner settings. (a) What is the smallest sized file you can create which shows all the detail of your photo- graph? (b) ... photosites Figure 1.10: Capturing an image with a CCD scanner Since this is a much slower process than taking a picture with a camera, it is quite reasonable to allow all capture and storage to be processed by ... number of tomographic “slices” to be formed, which can then be joined to produce a three-dimensional image. A good account of such systems (and others) is given by Siedband [13] 1.4 Images and digital...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 00:24