an index based on associations

... 2006. c 2006 Association for Computational Linguistics Enhancing electronic dictionaries with an index based on associations Olivier Ferret CEA –LIST/LIC2M 18 Route du Panorama F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses ... to an existing electronic resource an index based on the notion of association. We will also present preliminary work of how a subset of such associations, for ex- ample, topical associations, ... michael.zock@lif.univ-mrs.fr Abstract A good dictionary contains not only many entries and a lot of information concerning each one of them, but also adequate means to reveal the stored in- formation. Information access depends...

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... signal enhancement at very low Gd concentrations. This modularly designed contrast agent represents a new tool for improved monitoring and evaluation of interventions at the gene transcription level. ... dem axation times [ ster@-BioShut g concentration g tomographic cal concentra graphical sign @C 80n as a carg a conjugate 4 consisting the transfe r cell membran an address se cellular enzy he transport ... solutions as well as Hank’s solu- tion containing 2% DMSO as a control. After 25 min- utes, the solutions were removed from the cells, then cells were washed twice with Hank’s solution and kept...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:07

... CLASSIFICATION, EPITHESIS and QUALIFICATION, interpersonal systems of PERSON and ATTITUDE, and textual systems of DETERMINATION. But the way the metafunctional contributions map structurally one onto another ... emotion in comparison with five ones by Ortony and Johnson ( sadness, happiness, love, anger, hate) 3 Emotion metaphor An investigation into the role of metaphor in description of emotion in ... manifestations than other conscious states; • they vary along a number of dimensions: intensity, type and range of intentional objects, etc. • they are reputed to be antagonists of rationality;...

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Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 18:16

... and S. cerevisiae ArgRS, a large conformational change of the anticodon loop, the D-loop, and the T-loop, and deviation of the inclination of base planes of the acceptor stem and the anticodon-binding ... Sampson PB, Vaughan MD, Honek JF & Blanquet S (2003) Use of analogues of methionine and methionyl adenylate to sample conformational changes during catalysis in Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA ... ATP–PP i exchange reaction, the Arg-NHOH formation reaction, and the deacylation reaction. (A) Arg (cyan), ATP (orange) coordinated by Mg 2+ and A76 (green) of tRNA assisting the Arg-AMP for- mation reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... shows an action (CON- STRUCTION) which can be applied to the object LINE. This definition of the context is original compared to the classical context definitions used in Informa- tion Retrieval, ... "expansion terminological context" (E- terminological context) of a NP is the set of the can- didate terms appearing in the expansion of the more complex candidate term containing ... Rastier F., Cavazza M., and Abeill@ A. 1994. S~- mantique pour l'analyse. Masson, Paris. Resnik P. 1993. Selection and Information : A Class -Based Approach to Lexical Relationships. PhD Thesis,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... different membrane types in grana thylako id membrane fractions is scant. A s earch f or conditions that would allow t he disruption of t he paired membranes w ithout membrane solubilization was carried ... Anderson, J.M. & Andersson, B. (1982) The architecture of the photosynthetic membrane: lateral and transverse organisation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 7, 288±292. 3. Barber, J. (1980) An explanation ... thylakoid membranes. These membranes have an ultrastructure that consists of tightly s tacked ÔgranaÕ regions interconnected by unstacked membrane regions. The structure of isolated grana membranes has...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... Figure 3. Convolution. (a) LTP dotplot before convolution; and (b) after convolution. 2.3 Convolution and local edge detection Convolution is the method of choice for enhancing and detecting ... estimated using an outside source, example sentences and translation in the Longman English- Chinese Dictionary of Contemporary English (LecDOCE, Longman Group, 1992). An addi- tional list of ... in a permutation matrix. For instance, the vicinity of connection dot O (end,)~,) is denser than that of a non-connection say (end, ). Furthermore, the nearby connections @, O, and 0, form...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... Quantitative Evaluation of Explanation -Based Learn- ing as an Optimization Tool for a Large-Scale Natural Language System, Proc. of IJCAI, pp. 609- 615, 1991. [Sanfilippo92] Sanfilippo A. and ... tions: An Evaluation of EXTRACT, Proc. of the 29th annual meeting of the ACL, pp. 279-284, 1991. [Tanenhaus89] Tanenhaus M. K. and Carlson G. N., Lexical Structure and Language Comprehension, ... for conflict resolution (Taraban88). For natural language understanding and other applications (e.g. machine translation), thematic role recognition is a major step. ~ematic relations may...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... First Interna- tional Conference on Language Resources and Eval- uation (LREC’98), Granada, Spain. F. Segond, A. Schiller, G. Greffenstette, and J. Chanod. 1997. An experiment in semantic tagging ... con- cept ontology. In 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation LREC, Mar- rakesh, Morroco. M. Ciaramita and Y. Altun. 2006. Broad-coverage sense disambiguation and information ... International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Sys- tems (FOIS-2001), pages 17–19. Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds. M. Palmer, C. Fellbaum, S. Cotton, L. Delfs, and H. Trang Dang. 2001....

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... and credit policy. Consequently, the lack of information on any concrete definition of default is due to confidentiality reasons and the increased competition companies face in the industrial and ... company’s risk management: on the one hand such a system depends on historical accounting data, on the other hand it generates useful information for controlling and managing credit risk. Consequently, ... an account as good or bad is entirely based on the performance of the account once accepted (Lewis 1992, 31). This means that the evaluation of per- formance is only based on internal data concerning...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:21

... Morris Dees and the Southern Poverty Law Center”. 3 Summarization based on Word Hierarchical Representation 3.1 Word Significance Estimation In order to include the most significant concepts ... concentrate on the same topic. Sometimes an additional query is also given to specify the information need of the summary. Generally, an effective summary should be relevant, concise and ... Multi-document Summarization Approach based on Word Hierarchical Representation You Ouyang, Wenji Li, Qin Lu Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University {csyouyang,cswjli,csluqin}@comp.polyu.edu.hk...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

... Identification We propose an approach for MDC based only on cognate NE identification. The NEs cate- gories that we take into account are: PERSON, ORGANIZATION, LOCATION, and MISCEL- LANY. Other ... finding the cheapest way to transform one string into another. Trans- formations are the one-step operations of in- sertion, deletion and substitution. The result is an integer value that is normalized ... news articles. Considering the approaches based on transla- tion technology, two different strategies are em- ployed: (1) translate the whole document to an an- chor language, and (2) translate some...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20