american sign language natural language generation and machine translation

... from the source language to the target language by using machine translation services. However, though machine translation techniques have been advanced a lot, the machine translation quality ... 920 results of machine translation quality prediction and cross -language summarization, respectively. We discuss in Section 6 and conclude this paper in Section 7. 2 Related Work 2.1 Machine Translation ... Prediction Machine translation evaluation aims to assess the correctness and quality of the translation. Usu- ally, the human reference translation is provided, and various methods and metrics...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... Statistical significance tests for machine translation evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2004). Chin-Yew Lin and Eduard ... evaluating with ROUGE/BE and Pyramid, DUC and TAC also asked human judges to score every candidate summary with regard to its content, readability, and overall re- sponsiveness. DUC and TAC defined linguistic ... Linguistics Combining Coherence Models and Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics for Summarization Evaluation Ziheng Lin † , Chang Liu ‡ , Hwee Tou Ng ‡ and Min-Yen Kan ‡ † SAP Research, SAP...

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Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... its generation space’. In surface realisation, we aim to optimise the tradeoff between alignment and consistency (Picker- ing and Garrod, 2004; Halliday and Hasan, 1976) on the one hand, and ... M. The- une and E. Krahmer, editors, Empirical Methods on Natural Language Generation, pages 337–361, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany. Springer. Irene Langkilde and Kevin Knight. 1998. Generation that ... greedy or random baselines. 1 Introduction Surface realisation decisions in a Natural Language Generation (NLG) system are often made accord- ing to a language model of the domain (Langkilde and Knight,...

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... Foundations of Speech and Language Processing, 37-72, Springer-Verlag. D. Jurafsky and J. Martin. 2008. Speech and Language Processing, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall. R. Kneser and H. Ney. 1995. Improved ... Large language models in ma- chine translation. The 2007 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 858-867. E. Charniak. 2001. Immediate-head parsing for language models. ... Charniak, K. Knight and K. Yamada. 2003. Syntax- based language models for statistical machine transla- tion. MT Summit IX., Intl. Assoc. for Machine Trans- lation. C. Chelba and F. Jelinek. 1998....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... easily to suit a natural language gen- eration system’s capability by balancing the strengths and weaknesses of its sub- components (e.g. its aggregation and re- ferring expression generation capability). Our ... method results in significantly bet- ter sentence generation outcomes than a widely adopted approach. 1 Introduction The problem of sentence boundary determination in natural language generation exists ... for natural language generation that optimizes a set of criteria based on examples in a corpus. Compared to exist- ing sentence boundary determination ap- proaches, our work offers three signifi- cant...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... understanding of the cognitive dynamics that shape and evolve natural language, perhaps the one useful natural language interface that migjat be de- veloped would allow individuals and groups ... commands, self-defined commands and self progra,,m4ng of interfaces for individuals and groups. In addition to the standard message, confer- ence and notebook features, EIES has been designed ... ideal. Natural language is wordy (redun- dant) and imprecise. Most b,*m,m groups who have a need to communicate quickly and accurately tend to develop a rather well specified subset of natural language...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... extension of the language- processlng and data access components that make it possible for an end user to query the new database in natural language. A major benefit of using natural language is ... LUNAR [Woods, Kaplan, and Webber, 1972], PLANES [Waltz, 1975], REL [Thompson, 1975], and CHAT [Warren, 1981]) entails two major consequences for the design of a natural -language interface. First, ... TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL -LANGUAGE INTERFACES: PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES Barbara J. Grosz Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Department of Computer and Information...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... PANEL NATURAL LANGUAGE AND DATABASES, AGAIN Karen Sparck Jones Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge Corn Exchange Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, England INTRODUCTION Natural Language and ... environment for language processing research, because it is insufficiently demanding in its linguistic aspects and too idiosyncratically demanding in its non-linguistic ones; and to propose ... obvious problems of language and knowledge processing. But I believe that database query is reaching the end of its utility for fundamental research on natural language understanding, for two...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... a natural language inter- face to include the programming environment is that if the interface were being developed in such an environment, one could use natural language to develop the natural ... raise include a greater need for some language production capability (where the ordinary database query system can get by with only language un- derstanding), and a greater need for some discourse ... interface of this kind, some dialogue between the user and the system would be useful, especially in cases where a request was too vague, and the system (like an expert system) could present...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... of Formal Semantics to English-Japanese Machine Tran elation. Doctoral Thesis, Kyoto University, 1083. Schank, R. C. and Birnbaum. Memory, Meaning, and Syntax. Technical Report 189, Yale ... marker seems to be reasonable if we see a language like Japanese in which surface case is explicitly indicated by postpositions. Thus we can assign to the translation of our sample sentence a PAL ... Flowers and Lawrence Birnbanm of Yale University, Department of Computer Science. References [Bobrow 81] [Kaplan 82] [Montague 74] [Nishida 88] [Schank 80] [Schank 82] Bobrow, D. G. and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Franz J. Och, and Jeffrey Dean. 2007. Large language mod- els in machine translation. In Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing and Computational ... HI, April. Andrew Finch and Eiichiro Sumita. 2009. Bidirectional phrase-based statistical machine translation. In Pro- ceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Meth- ods in Natural Language ... Conference on Spoken Language Processing, pages 901–904, Denver, Colorado, USA, September. David Talbot and Miles Osborne. 2007. Randomised language modelling for statistical machine translation. In...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... range of input types, and must be able to gracefully deal with dysfluencies, false starts, and other ungram- matical input. In natural language generation, on the other hand, robustness is not ... Langkilde and Kevin Knight. 1998b. The practi- cal value of n-grams in generation. In Proceedings of the International Natural Language Generation Workshop, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. Fernando ... possible outputs from a natural language generation sys- tem. One approach to this more general problem, taken by the ‘Nitrogen’ generator (Langkilde and Knight, 1998a; Langkilde and Knight, 1998b), takes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20