advances in erbium doped fiber amplifiers

... the fibers were immersed in cells containing index matching-fluid to prevent laser oscillation Today's erbium- doped fiber amplifiers are fusion spliced to standard single-mode fiber, and fiber ... the installation of 500 optical amplifiers in 1993 By 1996, erbium- doped fiber amplifiers were in commercial use in a number of undersea links, in particular TPC-5 and TAT-12,13, increasing the ... 10.2.3 Gain Results for Pr3 -doped Fiber Amplifiers 406 10.2.4 Modeling of the Pr3 -doped Fiber Amplifier Gain 412 10.2.5 System Results 416 10.3 Nd3 -Doped Fiber Amplifiers 418 10.3.1 Introduction...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 11:04

... February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advances in Optical Amplifiers, ... growth mode Ustinov (2003) Spontaneously growing QDs are said to be self-assembling SK growth has been investigated intensively for InAs on GaAs, InP on GaInP, and Ge on Si structures Ustinov (2003) ... scattering processes have been used for amplification in fibres: stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) Brillouin amplification, which provides gain within a very...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... saturation output power depends inversely on the optical confinement factor, the single pass gain can be maintained by reducing this coefficient or by increasing the amplifier length This process ... heating (CH) are at the origin of the fast dynamics of the SOAs They change the carrier distribution in the conduction band The main nonlinear effects involved in the SOAs, having for origin carriers ... active region In the linear operating regime, the SOA output polarization remains nearly independent of the input power However, within the saturation regime, a self-induced nonlinear rotation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... converters based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers operating in the 52 Advances in Optical Amplifiers counter propagating mode, Proceedings of IEE Optoelectronics, ... applying this formalism in a nonlinear equation, separating the dc- from the perturbingequation terms and neglecting all higher order perturbing terms, two distinct linear equations are obtained: ... respective MZI arms, enabling again for their individual tuning of their power levels prior injected into the SOAs However, the two control signals are now coinciding in time, whereas an additional...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... Domain Multiplexing systems (OTDM), result in severe modulation of gain bearing majority carriers leading to undesirable cross talk in case multiple channels are introduced into the SOA (Inoue, ... traveling wave amplifiers has pointed out that the most dominant source of FWM in SOAs is the creation of gain and index gratings through the periodic modulation of the injected carriers in the ... Forwarding Chip in InP for All-Optical Label Switching," in A Frequency Domain Systems Theory Perspective for Semiconductor Optical Amplifier - Mach Zehnder Interferometer Circuitry in Routing and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... Dienes et al., 1996), including the real part of the instantaneous nonlinear Kerr effect as a single nonlinear index n2 and by adding the two-photon absorption (TPA) term we obtain the MNLSE for the ... signal is obtained It also improved the conversion efficiency In this scheme A Wiberg used HNLF instead of SOA, as we know the FWM in SOA has the following advantages against in HNLF: a In order to ... 118 Advances in Optical Amplifiers injected into SOA Many researchers also investigated what will happen if they inject three signals (two of them are pump signals, another is probe signal) into...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... such as GaAs/AlGaAs, InP/InGaAs, InP/InGaAsP and InP/InAlGaAs Such amplifiers are often used in telecommunication systems in the form of fiber- pigtailed components, operating at signal wavelengths ... heating (CH), spectral-hole burning (SHB) and their dispersions, including the recovery times in an SOA (Hong et al., 1996) We also considered the gain spectrum (as shown in Fig 1) The gain in ... after sending signal (b) with chirp (c) through filter plotted in (d) Dashed lines in (a), (b) and (c) indicate the time positions of the input three pulses 160 Advances in Optical Amplifiers...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... the index-gain coupling is canceled out In order to benefit from the enhancement of the gain and index gratings by the index-gain coupling, Xue et al (2008) analyze an architecture including an ... Sahin, A.; Yan, L; Yu, C.; Willner, A (2006) In- line chromatic dispersion 14 178 Advances in Optical Amplifiers Advances in Optical Amplifiers monitoring using optically-added phase-modulated in- band ... we study the in uence on the shape and spectrum of input signal 170 Advances in Optical Amplifiers Advances in Optical Amplifiers pulses in a semiconductor optical amplifier in theory In our study,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... performance gains are achieved by running increasing numbers of moderate speed circuits in parallel A bottleneck is now emerging in the interconnection network As interconnection is increasingly performed ... individual fiber spools and field installed fiber spans Figure summarises many of the leading reports into signal degradation with increasing number of SOAs Data points are included for a pioneering ... variables may be approximated by one linear gain term Glinear = g ( τsI/eV – N0 ) A general expression for gain G may thus be defined in terms of a linear gain Glinear, photon density P and a photon...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... designed for surrounding light feedback, formed a lens in the optical fiber tip, and coupled the fiber 232 Advances in Optical Amplifiers containing the FBG to the SOA, thus constructing a “negative ... an intensity varying in response to a variation in the intensity of that input light Characteristically, the intensity variation of the spontaneous emission lights are 236 Advances in Optical Amplifiers ... a non-inverting amplifier, since the output is in phase with the input In addition, the non-inverting amplifier of the electronics is provided a voltage gain of not lower than 1, the gain is...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... 256 Advances in Optical Amplifiers We also put into evidence the existence of a strong interdependence between active medium parameters having important role in the designing of the erbium ... dynamics of an erbium- doped fiber laser is explained based on a simple model of the ion pairs present in heavily doped fibers The single-mode laser dynamics is reducible to four nonlinear differential ... bifurcation point the intensity becomes sinusoidal Besides, pulse amplitude reaches a maximum approximately in the middle of the selfpulsing domain 4.3 The two-mode erbium- doped fiber laser A...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... polarization controller Gain medium 3.1 Single gain medium Many gain media are suitable for single-wavelength lasing in a fiber cavity, including erbium- doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) (Antoine Bellemare, ... in which a dual-coupler fiber ring is inserted into the main cavity When combined in tandem with a mode-restricting intracavity tunable bandpass filter, the compound-ring resonator ensures single-longitudinal-mode ... ensuring their wide potential applications in material processing, printing, marking, cutting and drilling; (v) robustness, because all optical signals are guided within optical fibres, thus eliminating...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... G Y., Moon, D S., Lin, A X., Han, W T & Chung, Y J (2008) Tunable multiwavelength fiber laser using a comb filter based on erbium- ytterbium codoped polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror Optics ... on Optical Amplifiers and an Opto-VLSI Processor 325 Qian, J R., Su, J & Hong, L (2008) A widely tunable dual-wavelength erbium- doped fiber ring laser operating in single longitudinal mode Optics ... 4432-4434, Issn: 0030-4018 Roy, V., Piche, M., Babin, F & Schinn, G W (2005) Nonlinear wave mixing in a multilongitudinal-mode erbium- doped fiber laser Optics Express, Vol 13, No 18, pp 6791-6797,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... Computer-aided analysis of transients in fiber lasers and gain-clamped fiber amplifiers in ring and line configurations Equivalent Circuit Models for Optical Amplifiers 347 through a circuit simulator ... the inverse of the gain curve above the baseline The gains are in decibels but T(λ) is linear: ( dB ) ( dB ) G baseline (λ ) = T (λ ) ⋅ G DCF (λ ) , (7) The GFFs that we simulate are thin film interference ... coordinates within the gain medium We have synthesised another thin-film GEF design using the needle method, the details of which are shown in Fig (in a different pictorial format) In searching...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... by the nonlinear effects for pulses propagating in the fiber 381 Fiber- Bragg-Grating Based Optical Amplifiers FBGs play as solo-function role in a fiber amplifier The fiber Bragg gratings have ... cladding mode and λ is the signal wavelength in free space Λ m is the grating pitch that attains the phase matching criteria for coupling the core mode into the m-th cladding mode Since the index ... 376 Advances in Optical Amplifiers (Kashyap, 2010) FBGs are reflective type filters with slightly periodic refractive index modulation running along fiber axis in the fiber core Incident...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... gainclamp light Although gain-clamping causes gain suppression as shown in Fig 9, we find that gain-clamping drastically improves PDFA linearity as shown in Fig 10 In particular, a 1.2 dB gain ... amplifier using gain-clamping 4.1 Gain-clamped Praseodymium -doped fiber amplifier for burst-mode amplification There are two major gain control methods for optical amplifiers One is automatic gain control ... burst mode amplification in our initial investigation In this section, I explain the gain dynamics of PDFAs for designing a burst mode optical amplifier and confirm the gain-clamp effect for burst...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... 436 Advances in Optical Amplifiers [57] J Y Zhang, Aparna Prasad Shreenath, Mark Kimmel, Erik Zeek and Rick Trebino, and Stephan Link, Optics Express, 11, 601-609 (2003) [58] Jing-Yuan Zhang, ... Link, Optics Express, 11, 601-609 (2003) [58] Jing-Yuan Zhang, Chao-Kuei Lee, Jung Y Huang and Ci-Ling Pan, Optics Express 12, 574-581 (2004) ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advances in Optical Amplifiers, ... growth mode Ustinov (2003) Spontaneously growing QDs are said to be self-assembling SK growth has been investigated intensively for InAs on GaAs, InP on GaInP, and Ge on Si structures Ustinov (2003) ... saturation output power depends inversely on the optical confinement factor, the single pass gain can be maintained by reducing this coefficient or by increasing the amplifier length This process...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:21

... yeast, and plants) in conjunction with creatine or arginine kinase systems (Sauer and Schlattner, 2004) Beyond such applications in bioprocess engineering, engineering of phosphagen kinase systems ... molecule Fluorescent proteins are increasingly being employed as noninvasive probes in living cells due to their ability to be genetically fused to proteins of interest for investigations of localization, ... 2003 Engineering central metabolism in crop species: learning the system Metabolic Engineering 5: 191–200 Chartrain, M., Salmon, P.M., Robinson, D.K., Buckland, B.C 2000 Metabolic engineering and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2012, 10:48

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 10:09