acoustic remote sensing of photosynthetic activity in seagrass beds

... CO availability decreased with increasing drought in the soil, stressing the importance of reduced influx of CO as an important factor for drought-induced declines of photosynthesis These results ... efflux of water vapour limiting the inward diffusion of CO (Von Caemmerer and Farquhar, 1981).The mes- ophyll conductance as defined here results from a combination of gas phase diffusion in the intercellular ... measured in poplar leaves (0.66) results confirmed that in decreases of net assimilation rates associated to decreasing c , despite the apparent maintenance and even increase of c The low intrinsic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... urban CPI to deflate nominal box office dollars, instead of a film or entertainment-specific price index Since the individuals in the sample are concentrated in certain areas of the country (southern ... Keegan Catherine Keener Harvey Keitel Will Kemp Jamie Kennedy Nicole Kidman Val Kilmer Jamie King Regina King Ben Kingsley Greg Kinnear Nastassja Kinski Mia Kirshner Chris Klein Kevin Kline Beyonce ... paper complements that line of research by examining the political leanings of another important media industry, Hollywood films Previous literature on political activity in Hollywood has primarily...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 10:20

... phosphatases may possibly To examine whether MursiF retains kinase activity in spite of the loss of critical residues involved in ATP binding, as observed in our in silico analysis of MursiF WKD (Fig 3A), ... on nucleotide binding, and is presumed to couple ATP binding to function-specific interdomain associations [27] Mutagenesis of the proposed hinge of the ATP lid in a GHKL family kinase, EnvZ, has ... genes encoding the RsbRST module are present in the M tuberculosis genome In this scenario, recruitment of a signaling domain, together with loss of a domain that mediates stress-induced interaction...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... protein bands of 52 kDa These results suggest that the Myc tag fusion in the C-terminus of THTR1 protein may interfere with the cellular expression and/or stability of the protein In view of these ... is conserved in all members of the solute carrier SLC19 family Aspartate 93 is located in the border of TMD2 and the beginning of intracellular loop that is composed of only eight amino acids [11] ... determined in NIH3T3 cells expressing the indicated proteins Net thiamine uptake was calculated by subtraction of the radioactivity obtained at 37 °C with that observed at °C Endogenous thiamine...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... latest version of TNTmips http://www.microimages.com page Introduction to Remote Sensing Introduction to Remote Sensing Remote sensing is the science of obtaining and interpreting information from ... is sufficient in many remote sensing studies Other substantial fractions of incoming solar energy are in the form of invisible ultraviolet and infrared radiation Only tiny amounts of solar radiation ... off-nadir pointing Introduction to Remote Sensing Radiometric Resolution In order to digitally record the energy received by an individual detector in a sensor, the continuous range of incoming energy...

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2014, 14:44

... 3588_C001.indd 11/20/07 5:16:42 PM What Is Atmospheric Acoustic Remote Sensing? In addition to beam-forming and spectral-filtering, many remote- sensing instruments will also make use of time or rate -of- change ... happily with me in building my experience in acoustic remote sensing I have really enjoyed the interaction with the group at University of Reading, and look forward to on-going interesting work with ... Atmospheric Acoustic Remote Sensing? Hazards Pollution Complex terrain Forests Transport FIGURE 1.8 Industry Urban Wind energy Some of the application areas for atmospheric acoustic remote sensing operation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... product of force and velocity is a rate of doing work or a rate of change of energy In the case of 1000 800 600 400 200 0 10 20 30 40 FIGURE 2.4 The wind speed in m s–1 (dark line) and wind direction ... average momentum flux of u momentum in the 10 –2 10 FIGURE 2.2 Typical time series of wind components u (dark line), v (dotted line), and w (thin line) showing mean and fluctuating parts © 2008 by ... direction in degrees (thin line) versus height in m for an Ekman spiral with a wind speed aloft of 10 m s–1 The wind barbs on the right-hand side indicate direction from arrow barb to arrow point and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... ranges typically used for acoustic remote sensing, virtually all sound is reflected This is an important consideration for siting of acoustic remote- sensing instruments, since even reflections from ... sound into solid angle dΩ = 2π sin d Integrating over all solid angles, the equivalent scattering area is dzA s ( )sin d , giving a loss in ongoing intensity of dIi e s I dz where e i ( )sin d ... measured in dB, where I is the sound intensity in W m–2 and the reference intensity corresponding to the threshold of hearing is I0 = 10 −12 W m–2 For example, if a SODAR is transmitting W of acoustic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... components as follows: c c c c c 2 sin 0 sin f1 fT f2 fT f3 fT f4 fT f5 fT sin cos sin sin sin cos sin sin sin 0 sin cos cos cos cos sin sin sin cos sin sin sin cos cos sin sin cos cos cos cos cos u v ... Atmospheric Acoustic Remote Sensing rR z rT R T R T R T D FIGURE 4.21 The geometry of bistatic systems of interest Then the effect of secondary main lobes appearing is minimized This geometry is shown in ... combination of beam intensity at the rim and the diffracted intensity is J1 (ka sin ) ka sin 2 J1 (ka sin * ) ka sin This is plotted in Figure 4.39 versus h, the height of the baffle, assuming...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 3588_C005.indd 136 11/20/07 4:24:21 PM SODAR Systems and Signal Quality sin( sin C 137 ) cos( sin( sin 0 ) cos sin cos( ) ) cos sin (5.39) and sin( ) sin ˆ u ˆ v ˆ w sin( sin ) cos( u ) cos w sin cos( ... fit there is an indication of a small increase in uncertainty with increasing wind speed, but an estimate of 0.4 to 0.5 m s–1 is again reasonable This means that the variation in wind speed measured ... The growth of wind turbine heights has introduced a requirement for high-accuracy wind profiling In order that SODARs can be used instead of cup anemometers on masts, the accuracy obtained from...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Determination of the mixing height with an acoustic radar profilometer In Argentini S, Mastrantonio G, Petenko I (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Acoust Remote Sensing, ... problem into the context of the solution of a set of linear equations In particular, use of constraints, such as smoothness, profile rate of change, limiting the deviation from other data points, ... Atmospheric Acoustic Remote Sensing PEAK DETECTION METHODS OF AEROVIRONMENT AND METEK The SODAR incorporates signal-processing software to determine The position in the spectrum of the signal...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... scattering as the dominating mechanism Bragg scattering is caused by fluctuations of the refractive index having a spatial scale of e/2 In the case of RASS instruments, the scattering is from an acoustic ... LLC 3588_C007.indd 203 11/20/07 4:16:49 PM 204 Atmospheric Acoustic Remote Sensing change in sound speed is sensed by modulating the acoustic frequency or providing sufficient acoustic bandwidth ... /4π] /4πr The number of cycles in the acoustic pulse is N, so the length of the acoustic pulse is N a The scattering cross-section, in general, includes Rayleigh scattering from pre4 cipitation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... underlying assumption in the use of the shear parameter for extrapolation is that a single power law wind profile pertains to the layer of interest An alternative formulation of the wind profile, ... plex terrain - 8.1.5 SOUND SPEED PROFILES Outdoor sound propagation is increasingly important with noise sources such as airports, motorways, industry, and wind turbines increasingly being in close ... 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 3588_C008.indd 223 11/20/07 4:15:32 PM 224 Atmospheric Acoustic Remote Sensing Arrays of acoustic remote sensing instruments can give both vertical and horizontal...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... the inactivity zone learning In the case of intersection with activity zones, the assumed current sitting area B (candidate inactivity zone) is detected as false and ignored In case of no intersection, ... neighboring inactivity zones Ii of B are searched If neighboring inactivity zones already exist, B is combined with Ii This extended inactivity zone is again checked for intersection with the activity ... segmentation of objects proved to be difficult In a few cases, sitting on sofa turned into lying, while persons sitting in a more relaxed position resulted in a posture in between lying and sitting In one...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... allocated into large number of small offspring, or into few big ones, 2) a probability of survival for any individual offspring is an increasing function of its size, and 3) the minimum size for offspring ... meanings of this term: 1) the growth of one part of an Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass organism in relation to the growth of the whole organism or some other part of it, 2) the study of ... Martin Šenfeldr 75 VI Contents Part Remote Sensing of Biomass 127 Chapter Introduction to Remote Sensing of Biomass 129 Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Mohd Jamil Maah and Ismail Yusoff Chapter Biomass of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... investment into fast offspring development and increase of their viability These plastic changes in allocation patterns in K- experimental line resulted in increase of demographic parameters - intrinsic ... increase of investment into the egg dimension This strategy may provide an advantage to offspring in competitive interactions The short-term relaxation of competition in K-line enabled opportune investment ... Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass Schwinning, S & Fox, G A (1995) Population dynamic consequences of competitive symmetry in annual plants Oikos 72: 422-432 Schwinning, S & Weiner J (1998)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... production of local grasses, in Africa Mworia et al (2008b) found that the invasive herb Ipomoea hildebrantii led to a decline of 47% in absence of grazing and 28% in the presence of grazing Invasibility ... proliferation of invasive species (Sala et al., 2000) The implications of changes in global heat balance on the hydrological cycle include increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall events in terrestrial ... for estimating biomass and productivity in savannas have 46 Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass undergone refinement with time by an enhancement in the number of parameters taken into consideration...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... state of the reservoirs 70 Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass Due to the fact that zooplankton dynamics are associated with the effects of anthropogenic activities in the drainage basins of ... interactions that occur within them, and that furthermore, the prevalence of certain species could indicate of the trophic state of the ecosystem According to Esteves (1998), an increase in phytoplankton ... in our understanding of invasive species in savannas Firstly the implications of the current rapid land use changes in savannas and their interaction with the climate change effects such as increased...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... the maintenance of organic carbon in these soils is essential to maintain its sustainability, since it provides the structure and functioning of soil microbial activity, and contribute to increase ... and the conditions of soil treatment In general, the soils of the surface layers contain higher input of organic matter due to increasing of the SMB The conversion of Cerrado into pasture alters ... preservation of soil fungal hyphae The reduction of the 90 Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass most active fraction of SOM affects various functions in the soil, for example, maintaining the production...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... and Remote Sensing of Biomass in the Southwestern of Amazon region has occurred mainly in the Rodonia and Mato Grosso states The production of Brazilian soybean was 19 M tons in 1994 and increased ... application of fertilizers, however, no reported increases in the MB-C, different that observed in this study The fertilizer can initiate a process of "priming effect" on soil, promoting an increase in ... conditions, differing only in the time since clearing and the setting up of the sites 2.2.2 Sampling and analytical procedures Soil sampling was carried out in July 2004 (dry season) and in January...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20