acid base reactions in non aqueous solvents p 59 83 pdf

... (triflate) p para Ph phenyl ppm parts per million Pr propyl py pyridine q quartet List of Abbreviation x qn quintet Rf retention factor Rt retention time rbf round-bottom flask rt room temperature s singlet ... OMe Pd Complex N O HN R COOiPr Ar Ar P Pd+ P Ar Ar COOiPr Ar Ar P Pd+ O P H Ar Ar H O Pd complex Scheme 11 Enantioselective addition of enol silyl ethers to imines catalyzed by palladium complexes ... CO 2Me Amine + Aldehyde + Nu mins + OTMS H + OMe Amine + Aldehyde + Nu mins Cl 40 mins 35 mins hr 20 mins hr pure Mannich product MeO C NH O OMe pure Mannich product Cl 10 10 (ppm) (ppm) Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... chloride in response to metabolic acidosis (chloride shift) A decrease in effective SID was explained by the aggregate minor changes in arterial PCO2, albumin, and phosphate The changes in SIG appeared ... hypoalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia lowered the anion gap and masked the presence of acidifying anions to those clinicians using conventional acid base analysis Effect of renal replacement therapy ... dioxide tension [PCO2] in mmHg, albumin in g/l, and phosphate in mmol/l): Effective SID = 1000 × 2.46 × 10–11 × PCO2/(10–pH) + [albumin] × (0.12 × [pH – 0.631]) + [phosphate] × (0.309 × [pH – 0.469])...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... illness? Interesting data are emerging regarding potential protective effects of acidosis, particularly hypercapnic acidosis, in various experimental models Acidosis has been shown to protect cells in ... to splanchnic ischemia– reperfusion injury [29] Hypercapnic acidosis was effective at attenuating endotoxin-induced ALI in an in vivo rat model [30]; in fact, both prophylactic and therapeutic ... of the underlying process causing the acidosis – hypoperfusion, sepsis, or diabetic ketoacidosis for example – is difficult Nevertheless, lowering the arterial pH has rather convincingly been shown...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... without proton pump blockade) would have a net increase in plasma positive charge Exactly the opposite process occurs to consume protons, leading to an increased pH Importantly, this clinical ... admission base deficit remains an important prognostic indicator J Trauma 2002, 53 :838 -842 Scheingraber S, Rehm M, Sehmisch C, Finsterer U: Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients ... Understanding the physiologic mechanisms underpinning acid base abnormalities thus provides a rationale for therapeutic intervention Indeed, a recent comparison of traditional methods of acid base interpretation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... outset Again, evidence is limited, but in support of this statement Plasma-Lyte 148 priming cardiopulmonary bypass pumps has been shown to increase arterial base excess by the end of bypass [25] ... of priming fluids for cardiopulmonary bypass in the UK and Ireland Perfusion 2002, 17:315-319 Stewart PA: How to understand acid base In A Quantitative Acid base Primer for Biology and Medicine ... randomized prospective study Anesth Analg 2003, 96:1201-1208 Rossing TH, Maffeo N, Fencl V: Acid base effects of altering plasma protein concentration in human blood in vitro J Appl Physiol 1986,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... may be present, even in good health, and so the resulting difference in healthy humans appears to be less than mEq/l [12] The role played by plasma proteins, specifically albumin, in acid base ... [51] reported similar findings in large volume resuscitation in major surgery comparing hetastarch prepared in a balanced electrolyte solution or in saline, and similar findings were reported ... error in indirect potentiometric methods can become significant A classic example of this is seen with hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia resulting in a pseudohyponatremia by indirect potentiometry...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:22

... corresponding carbonyl compounds with a catalyst prepared in situ from and TPPTS The reactions proceeded very fast (TOF up to ) and in most cases provided the carbonyl products quantitatively The industrially ... 266 Chapter (performed under unhydrous conditions) Especially valuable feature of isomerizations is in that all atoms of the starting compound are incorporated into the product, respresenting a ... followed by or NMR in a highpressure sapphire NMR tube Our detailed studies have shown that watersoluble phosphine complexes of ruthenium and rhodium with TPPMS, TPPTS or PTA ligands are able to...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:19

... as PVP on alumina is much lower than PAA mainly due to the hydrophobic property of PVP ring However, in the presence of PAA the adsorption of PVP significantly increases as a result of the interaction ... Alumina pillared montmorillonite and mesoporous alumina aluminium phosphates were also used as the adsorbents of pesticides such as: atrazine, propazine, prometryne, propachlor, propanil and molinate ... functional groups are presented in Table Among several bonding possibilities presented in Table 5, any bonding with a type surface group can be eliminated, since pHPZC of alumina is 9.0 and most...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:22

... studied in comparison with base excess but without any physiological rationale [9] The SID approach has been also proposed to explain metabolic acidosis during saline infusion (SID input) [10], ... believe that urinary electrolyte monitoring may open a new perspective of research in critical care Acid base equilibrium, one of the oldest research areas in medicine, is still an open field for ... approaches Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests References Unfortunately, it is not easy to consider the urinary SID In fact, although 40–42 mEq/l of plasmatic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 8.79, 2.27, 4.2) Polyatomic Acids & Bases 13 Phosphorus acid, H3PO4, is actually a diprotic acid; Ka1 = 1.0 X 10-2 and Ka2 = 2.6 X 10-7 What are the values of [H+], pH and HPO32- in a 1.0 M solution? ... pH of the following solutions: (a) 0.05M HCl (b) 0.1M acetic acid (Ka = 1.75 x 10−5 (M)) (c) 0.1M aniline (Kb = 3.82 x 10−10 (M)) (d) 0.1M acetic acid plus 0.001 M HCl (e) 0.16M acetic acid plus ... Tellurium, in the same family as sulphur, forms an acid analogous to sulphuric acid and called telluric acid It exists, however, as H6TeO6 (which looks like H2TeO4 + H2O) It is a diprotic acid Ka1...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 12:19

... dùng phân tích đánh giá acid- based  Những rối loạn acid- base đơn giản  Ti p cận cách hệ thống rối loạn acid- base  quy tắc gi p dễ dàng nhanh chóng đọc rối loạn acid- base Phân tích Acid- Base, ... – pH – PaCO2 – PaO2 – HCO3 – BE Quy tắc  Nhìn kết pH biến đổi CO2 HCO3 → bất thường ngun phát Chú ý: thể khơng bù hồn tồn cho rối loạn acid- base ngun phát Rối loạn acid - base có loại ? pH7,45 nhiễm kiềm HCO3-↑ Chuyển hóa PCO2 ↓ Hô h p Ngun tắc đơn giản:  CO2 = Acid (hơ h p) Đ CO2 =  pH (acidemia)  CO2 =  pH (alkalemia)  HCO3 = Base...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 15:50

... acid amin acid protein giải phóng H+ thể bị nhiễm kiềm D Các acid amin base protein nhận H+ thể bị nhiễm acid E Các câu 43 Cơ chế điều hòa thăng acid base hệ đệm phosphat A Khi thể bị nhiễm acid ... acid base phổi E Các 45 Ơ tổ chức , HbO2 dễ phân li để cung c p O2 cho tế bào Đó tế bào: A pCO2 ↓ , H+ ↓, pH ↑ B pCO2 ↑, H+ ↓, pH ↑ C pCO2 ↓ , H+↑, pH ↓ D pCO2 ↑, H+ ↑, pH ↓ E pCO2 ↑ , H+↓, pH↓ ... Chọn t p h p đúng: A 1,2,5 B 2,3,4 C 3,4,5 D 2,3,5 E 2,4,5 42 Cơ chế điều hòa thăng acid base hệ đệm proteinat là: A Phần base hệ đệm nhận H+ thể bị nhiễm acid B Phần acid hệ đệm giải phóng H+...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 14:34

... useful in a general population approach to increasing the intake of folate We observed a decrease in LDL-C during both the folate-rich diet and the folic acid supplement periods The increase in intake ... measured by HPLC (Chromsystem kit) The lipid profile included total cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoproteins (Apo) A-1 and B in plasma, and cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins (HDLc) ... therapies Daily energy intake was similar with the two interventions Protein intake decreased during the period of diet therapy (-8.3%), and slightly increased (1.8%) with supplement therapy;...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... attendant higher operating cost This type of operating point would be typified by a portable application (such as vehicle, laptop PC, or cell phone) where light weight and small volume are important drivers ... to try all sorts of combinations of geometries and operating conditions to come up with an optimum design for the application Usually, many compromises in the operating points (cell voltages and ... densities) of the specific cell are necessary to meet the application requirements, obtain lowest system cost, and achieve acceptable cell life Operating points are based on defining specific system...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... Một acid yếu base liên h p base mạnh 50 - CH3 CH2 + BH B Base mạnh Acid yếu - + + Acid yếu Base mạnh - HO , CH3O base mạnh H2O, CH3OH acid yếu Khái niệm acid - base theo Lewis (1923) Base phân ... Base Acid Phản ứng cộng h p nớc vào olefin có xúc tác acid trình tơng tác acid -base, tạo carbocation trung gian trớc lúc tạo thành alcol H3PO4 + CH3 CH=CH2 Acid Base + CH3CH_CH3 + Acid - H2PO4 ... H2PO4 Base Một số phản ứng có xúc tác base có trình tơng tác acid base để tạo carbanion trung gian CH3_CHO + HO Base Acid H2O + CH2_CHO Base (carbanion) Acid Chú ý: Một acid mạnh base liên h p base...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 09:20

... Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 = NaHPO4 /NaHPO4-H Đảm nhiệm 7% khả đệm thể, hệ đệm nội 3bào (PO4 nội bào = 140 mEq/L) nước tiểu, có hiệu suất lớn pK 6,8 gần với pH sinh lý - Hệ đệm proteine/proteinate Đây hệ thống ... cho pH nước tiểu giảm xuống đến 4,5 cách: + - Thải H dạng acid chuẩn độ + + Thận thay ion Na ion H phân tử Na2HPO4 thành NaH2PO4 tức xuất photphat dạng trạng thái nhiễm acid (monosodic phosphate) ... 2002 Acidosis and Alkalosis 283 Principles of Internal Medicine Harrison, 15 th Edition Volume International Edition Von O Muller-Plathe 470 Wasser- und Elektrolytstoffwechsel Lehrbuch der Klinischen...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 04:15

... H2CO3/ NaHCO3 -Phosphat: NaH2PO4/ Na2HPO4 Hệ đệm huyết bào H2CO3/ KHCO3 KH2PO4/ K2HPO4 Hemoglobin -Protein/ Proteinat -Protein/ Proteinat -acid hu c/ mui acid hu c -acid hu c/ mui acid hu C ch ... Glutamin Rối loạn thăng acid- base Do hô h p pH = pk+ log hco3/pco2 Nhim acid Nguyờn nhõn: dựng thuc tin mờ, an thn, tn thng nóo, th cú nng CO2 cao Do hn ch hot ng ca phi: TDMP, TKMP, xp phi pH ... Thng bng acid base bi c ch sinh lý điều hoà phổi Phổi CO2 H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- Máu Tổ chức Trong điều kiện bình thường điều hoà phổi Phổi CO2 Máu H2CO3 H+ HCO3Tổ chức Nhiễm acid điều hoà phổi Phổi CO2...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 23:17

... mạch  PaCO2 (Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood): phân p CO2 máu động mạch  pHa (pH of arterial blood): pH máu động mạch  PEEP (Positive end respiratory pressure)  Qsp (Physiologic ... toán đồ: QSP/QT, VD/VT Ba nhóm thông tin từ máy phân tích khí máu Khả oxy hoá máu từ phổi: PaO2, AaDPO2 Shunt QSP/QT Khả thông khí phổi: PCO2 pH, VD/VT Tình trạng thăng toan kiềm: PCO2 , pH, HCO3–A, ... tim PaO2 suy hô h p trẻ em – người lớn PaO2 (mmHg) Ý nghóa – Cách xử lý 60 - 79 Nhẹ 40 - 59 Trung bình < 40 Nặng B AaDPO2  AaDPO2 = PAO2 - PaO2 = FiO2 (PB - 47) - PaCO2/ RQ - PaO2 = 150 - PaCO2/...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 00:16

... NSAIDs Plasma Osmolal Gap AG POG unmeasured IONIZED unmeasured NON- IONIZED POG= measured - calculated plasma osm Steps in Acid- Base Diagnosis  Obtain ABG & electrolytes  Check pH & compare HCO3 ... cause according to the AG  Estimate compensatory response (PaCo2 ↓ 1.25 mmHg per mmol/L ↓ in HCO3) ABG findings in metabolic acidosis  pH < 7.35  HCO3 < 24 mEq/L  paCO2 < 35 mmHg (compensated) ... Titrable acids (HPO4) Excretion of organic acids Buffers Ca, Hb, PP bones Ammonium (NH4) Metabolic Acidosis  Definition:  Primary decrease in serum HCO3  Decreased pH  Accumulation of acids...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 05:21

... hay hô h p ? Hãy nhìn vào tương quan pH PCO2: RL chuyển hóa nguyên phát: Khi pH ↓↑ PCO2 ⊥ Khi pH & PCO2 thay đổi hướng RL hô h p nguyên phát: HCO3 - PCO2 pH and PCO2 thay đổi ngược hướng pH Bù trừ ... Toan hô h p C p bù nếu: pH ↑↓ 0.008 ≈ mmHg PCO2 Mạn bù nếu: pH ↑↓ 0.003 ≈ mm HgPCO2 Suy hô h p Đối với toan hô h p Thay đổi pH/PCO2 > 0.008 → toan chuyển hóa kết h p 0.008 → toan hô h p c p >0.003 ... hô h p bù phần 0.003 toan hô h p mạn (bù đủ)

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 01:20