acid base catalysis and proton transfer reactions

... renal acid load and renal net acid excretion in healthy, free-living children and adolescents Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77(5):1255-1260 13 Remer T, Manz F: Potential renal acid load of foods and its ... potential influence as a dietary influence on acid- base balance, the present study was undertaken to systematically evaluate changes in both hydration and acid- base balance following chronic consumption ... influences on markers for acid- base balance and hydration status when consumed under free-living conditions Since most studies evaluating nutritional influences on acid- base status are either large-scale...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... books and websites, please click here To my wife Sheli, my parents Robert Sr and Nancy, my son Rob, and my brothers Steven and Fred, whose help and support are invaluable in both my life and career ... ACIDOSIS DINKAR KAW AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO 171 METABOLIC ALKALOSIS DINKAR KAW AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO 249 vii viii CONTENTS RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES YOUNGSOOK YOON AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO ... Marc Siegelaub and Brad Thomas, who taught me the value of creative thinking, and to Stephen Colbert who covers all the bases without acidity Robert F Reilly, Jr To my parents Joseph and Santina,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... peptide, prostaglandins, and endothelin) • Physical properties (mean arterial pressure, peritubular capillary pressure, and renal interstitial pressure) affect handling of Na+ and water Na+ reabsorption ... hyperparathyroidism and those that are bed bound Hypersensitivity reactions include pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia Increased proximal uric acid reabsorption promotes hyperuricemia and gout ... Amiloride and triamterene can cause nausea and vomiting, rarely a metabolic acidosis and hyponatremia may occur Amiloride promotes glucose intolerance, while triamterene causes megaloblastic anemia and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Figure 6–4 Paradoxical Intracellular Acidosis 248 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS 175 ACID- BASE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY TABLE 6–1: General Principles of Acid- Base Homeostasis Acid- base homeostasis consists of the ... of nonvolatile acids and bases and the ingestion of a normal “Western diet” to maintain acid- base homeostasis the kidney must excrete this acid load The role of the kidney in acid- base homeostasis ... substrates and final products To this, it is helpful to think of acids and bases as “lewis” acids and bases; in other words, to consider acids as electron acceptors rather than as proton donors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES Figure 8–2 Use of the Anion Gap in Evaluation 303 Figure 8–3 Acid- Base Nomogram 304 8–10 Syndromes Commonly Associated with Mixed Acid- Base Disorders ... significantly increased SAG 304 RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES FIGURE 8–3: Acid- Base Nomogram A second approach to the evaluation of mixed acid- base disturbances involves the use of a ... chronic compensation RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES 295 TABLE 8–5 (Continued) As PaCO2 increases and arterial pH decreases, renal acid excretion and bicarbonate retention become...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... FGF-23, a 251-amino acid protein, is secreted and processed at a cleavage site into inactive N- and C-terminal fragments; mutations in ADHR occur at the proteolytic site and prevent cleavage ... intolerance, and Lowe’s syndrome Acquired—Multiple myeloma, renal transplantation, and drugs Drugs—Ifosfamide, streptozocin, tetracyclines, valproic acid, ddI, cidofovir, adefovir, tenofovir, and ranitidine ... in the face of a normal serum glucose concentration, and aminoaciduria Less commonly patients may also have proximal renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemia Diagnosis A urinalysis for glycosuria...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... 243, 286 acid- base balance assessment approach of patients, 189–192 bicarbonate reclamation, 182–183 new bicarbonate production, distal nephron, 184 acid- base biology/chemistry acid- base balance ... 107 and DCT diuretics, 115 and diuretic resistance, 118, 120 encephalopathy risks, 115 and K+ balance disorders, 42 and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, 116 and Na+ balance disorders, 42 and ... 37, 39, 150, 153, 265, 278, 284 lithium and hypercalcemia, 320, 331 and K+ balance disorders, 150 and metabolic acidosis, 200 and nephrogenic DI, 92, 101 and serum magnesium disorders, 442 loop...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... binding and catalysis Thus, to ascertain the role of each histidine residue, and to identify any differential contribution to binding and catalysis, we isolated the two mutant enzymes H181A and H184A ... Proton transfer in PETN reductase Table Kinetic parameters for the reductive and oxidative half -reactions of wild-type, H181A, H184A and Y186F PETN reductases Kinetic data are shown in Figs and ... C1 and C2; the double bond between C4 and C5 is not susceptible to reduction, and thus progesterone and related steroids (e.g 4-androstene3,17-dione), which lack a double bond between C1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... was varied, ATP and Spd were kept constant at and 10 mm respectively; when Spd was varied, ATP and GSH were kept constant at and 10 mm respectively; and when ATP was varied, GSH and Spd were kept ... free enzyme, and a, b and c are the interaction factors between Spd and ATP, GSH and ATP, and GSH and Spd, respectively Inhibitors and enzyme inhibition assays Inhibitor studies employed the coupled ... binding of substrate to the free enzyme are 609 26, 157 and 215 lm for GSH, Spd and ATP, respectively, and kcat = 22.8 0.6 s)1 When GSH and ATP were varied in a constant ratio (10 : 1) versus...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... spectral overlap between the donor emission and the acceptor absorption spectra, and the donor and acceptor groups must be the right distance apart and properly oriented [18] Therefore 9,11,13,15-cis,trans,trans,cis-octadecatetraenoic ... concentration Data from Fig Fig FRET between TLL (and its mutants) and cis-PnA in the presence and absence of NaTDC The protein concentration was 0.8 lM and the cis-PnA concentration was varied stepwise ... level), with the ligand – oleic acid (OA) – omitted from this calculation; dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds between OA and the protein (B) Comparisons between several ligand binding modes in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... acetic acid plus 0.001 M HCl (e) 0.16M acetic acid plus 0.044 M sodium acetate (Ans: 1.3, 2.88, 8.79, 2.27, 4.2) Polyatomic Acids & Bases 13 Phosphorus acid, H3PO4, is actually a diprotic acid; ... 1.0 X 10-2 and Ka2 = 2.6 X 10-7 What are the values of [H+], pH and HPO32- in a 1.0 M solution? 14 Tellurium, in the same family as sulphur, forms an acid analogous to sulphuric acid and called ... acid and called telluric acid It exists, however, as H6TeO6 (which looks like H2TeO4 + H2O) It is a diprotic acid Ka1 = 2.1 X 10-8 and Ka2 = 6.5 X 10-12 Calculate [H+], pH, and [H4TeO62-] in a 0.25...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 12:19

... tích đánh giá acid- based  Những rối loạn acid- base đơn giản  Tiếp cận cách hệ thống rối loạn acid- base  quy tắc giúp dễ dàng nhanh chóng đọc rối loạn acid- base Phân tích Acid- Base, cần cơng ... rối loạn acid- base ngun phát Rối loạn acid - base có loại ? pH7,45 nhiễm kiềm HCO3-↑ Chuyển hóa PCO2 ↓ Hô hấp Ngun tắc đơn giản:  CO2 = Acid (hơ ... bicarbonate ketoacid nước tiểu Kết luận:      Để đánh giá RL acid- base xác cần ABG điện giải Cần tiếp cận cách hệ thống Cần nhớ quy tắc “bình thường” khí máu khơng bình thường Acid - Base Điều...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 15:50

... 42 Cơ chế điều hòa thăng acid base hệ đệm proteinat là: A Phần base hệ đệm nhận H+ thể bị nhiễm acid B Phần acid hệ đệm giải phóng H+ thể bị nhiễm kiềm C Các acid amin acid protein giải phóng ... phóng H+ thể bị nhiễm kiềm D Các acid amin base protein nhận H+ thể bị nhiễm acid E Các câu 43 Cơ chế điều hòa thăng acid base hệ đệm phosphat A Khi thể bị nhiễm acid Na2HPO4 phóng thích H+ B Khi ... thể bị nhiễm kiềm chất kiềm tác dụng với phần acid hệ đệm muối trung hòa Khi thể bị nhiễm acid chất acid tác dụng với phần kiềm hệ đệm acid yếu hơn, acid dễ phân li cho CO2 H2O Nhờ Hemoglobin vận...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 14:34

... (1980), Heat and mass transfer, Mir Publisher, Moscow Peebles E D, Christopher D McDaniel (2004), A Practical Manual for Understanding the Shell Structure of Broiler Hatching Eggs and Measurement ... Mathematical Simulation of Mass and Heat Transfer in High Moisture Foods, Trans ASAE, pp 55-59 224 Husain A., Chen C.S., Clayton J T (1973), Simultaneuos Heat and Mass Diffusion in Biological ... drying systems: Simulations and optimization, Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur, pp 131-133 Haghighi K., Segerlind L.J, (1988), Modeling Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer in Isotropic Sphere,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 08:31

... velocity and temperature of the flow field are solved employing perturbation technique and the effects of the pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction and the rate of heat transfer ... the velocity and temperature of the flow field are solved employing perturbation technique and the effects of the flow parameters on the velocity and temperature of the flow field and also on ... following results of physical interest on the velocity and temperature of the flow field and also on skin friction and the rate of heat transfer at the wall The effect of growing permeability...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... + HO Base Acid H2O + CH2_CHO Base (carbanion) Acid Chú ý: Một acid mạnh base liên hợp base yếu Một acid yếu base liên hợp base mạnh 50 - CH3 CH2 + BH B Base mạnh Acid yếu - + + Acid yếu Base ... tác acid base: Nớc dung môi có tính base CH3COOH + H2O Acid Base H3O+ + CH3COOAcid Base Hoà tan muối acid hữu vào nớc, có tơng tác acid -base : Nớc dung môi có tính acid H2O + CH3COO Base Acid ... tơng tác acid -base, tạo carbocation trung gian trớc lúc tạo thành alcol H3PO4 + CH3 CH=CH2 Acid Base + CH3CH_CH3 + Acid - H2PO4 Base Một số phản ứng có xúc tác base có trình tơng tác acid base để...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 09:20

... phần: acid yếu muối base mạnh base yếu với muối với acid mạnh Ví dụ hệ đệm bicarbonat gồm H2CO3/ NaHCO3 (acid yếu: H2CO3) /muối base mạnh: NaOH), hệ đệm NH4OH/NH4Cl (base yếu: NH4OH/muối acid ... trương lên) II Rối loạn cân Acid- Base Khi có rối loạn cân hai trình acid hóa base hóa thể, dẫn đến nhiễm độc acid nhiễm độc base Nhiễm độc acid 1.1 Định nghĩa Nhiễm độc acid hay nhiễm toan trình ... loạn cân acid- base kiểu hô hấp + - Các ion H liên kết với anion cố định, không bay (SO42-, PO43-, lactat, ) chịu trách nhiệm rối loạn cân acidbase kiểu chuyển hóa Khái niệm kiềm dư (BE: base excess)...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 04:15

... bi thn v phi Cỏc kiu ri lon thng bng acid- base i cng Cỏc chuyn hoỏ luụn luụn sinh acid, base, nhng pH mỏu luụn n nh 7,36 nh h m Hờ m l cỏc dung dch cha acid yu v mui ca nú, cú kh nng lm gim ... -Protein/ Proteinat -acid hu c/ mui acid hu c -acid hu c/ mui acid hu C ch m hệ bicarbonat + H2O CO2Ht CO2FN H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- - H2O [CO2] hũa tan = pCO2 ph nang ( = 0,03 mmol/l) Khi acid mnh (AH) xõm ... loạn thăng acid- base Do hô hấp Nhim base: Nguyờn nhõn: tng kớch thớch hụ hp: xuỏt huyt nóo, u nóo, viờm nóo, tng thụng khớ nhõn to pH mỏu tng, pCO2 gim, pHCO3- gim Rối loạn thăng acid- base Do...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 23:17

... mạch máu tónh mạch  BB (Base Buffer): kiềm đệm  BE (Base Excess): kiềm dư, gọi blood base excess  BBE (Blood base excess): kiềm dư máu CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT  BE ecf (Base excess of extracellular ... chuyển hóa • Tăng sx acid khơng bay hơi: nhiễm toan thể ceton TĐ, nhiễm toan acid lactic, ngộ độc salicylate • Mất bicarbonate: tiêu chảy, thuốc ức chế men CA • Giảm thải trừ acid suy thận cấp mạn ... CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT  BE ecf (Base excess of extracellular fluid): kiềm dư dòch ngoại bào, gọi standard base excess (SBE-st): kiềm dư chuẩn  CO2T (Total CO2): lượng carbon dioxide tổng cộng  FiO2...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 00:16

... Acid- Base abnormalities  Metabolic Acidosis  Metabolic Alkalosis  Respiratory Acidosis  Respiratory Alkalosis Mechanisms of acid- base balance Respiratory system ... Titrable acids (HPO4) Excretion of organic acids Buffers Ca, Hb, PP bones Ammonium (NH4) Metabolic Acidosis  Definition:  Primary decrease in serum HCO3  Decreased pH  Accumulation of acids ... plasma AG=Na - (Cl + HCO3) Normal AG= 10-12 mEq/L Causes of ↑AG metabolic acidosis: “Accumulation of acids” lactic acidosis Ketoacidosis - diabetic, alcoholic, starvation Toxins - ethylene glycol,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 05:21