abnormal airway epithelial ion and liquid transport in nasal polyps

... of cytokines and chemokines In addition to its well known role in INF-γ and TNF-α production in viral infections, it can also secrete IL-5 which may contribute to eosinophil inflammation.3 The ... with eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal polyps and inflamed sinus mucosa gives an indication of the contribution of NK cell to the pathogenesis In addition, the NK cell level in the nasal polyp ... nasal polyps, who were scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery The diagnosis of nasal polyps was based on medical history and clinical examinations, including nasal endoscopic examination...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:13

... Staining A Nasal Polyps I A B The paired middle turbinate Anti-CD4 (CD4+ T cell) staining of nasal polyps and its paired middle turbinate B II Anti-CD8 (CD8+ T cell) staining of nasal polyps and ... P3

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:13

... al.27 in 1997 suggested a broader definition of sinusitis, including inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and of the fluid within these cavities and/ or the underlying bone Sinusitis ... evidenced in nasal polyp patients with asthma and aspirin intolerance.51 Other mechanisms mentioned in the association between nasal polyps and aspirin intolerance include low production of antiinflammatory ... perennial rhinitis Symptoms of rhinitis include nasal itching, rhinorrhea and/ or nasal congestion According to the initiation of allergy, rhinitis is classified into allergic and nonallergic rhinitis...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... the inflammatory response to acute epithelial injury and in maintaining and repairing the epithelial barrier [16] Chen et al have found that a deficiency of γδ T cells rendered the intestinal ... chlorine on epithelial cell proliferation Effects of chlorine on epithelial cell proliferation Panel A Representative pictures showing PCNA immunostaining in airway epithelial cells before (a) and ... with airway epithelial damage and shedding Furthermore, this study provided evidence of oxidant stress and nitrosylation of proteins in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages [8] Porcine...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... stress and proinflammatory cytokine release in primary human airway epithelial cells and in a variety of transformed alveolar epithelial cells Respir Res 2006, 7:132 Publish with Bio Med Central and ... of apoptosis in primary human small airway epithelial cells Cigarette Cigarette smoke extract caused necrosis with no or little evidence of apoptosis in primary human small airway epithelial cells ... brightly stained with ethidium bromide and appeared red Percentage of viable (white bars), apoptotic (grey bars) and necrotic/late apoptotic (black bars) determined by counting as described in Materials...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... mediators It is also involved in the progression of tissue injury during inflammatory conditions, implicating the role of airway/ airspace epithelium in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases ... NFκB and MAP kinase signaling mechanisms compared to normal cells Interestingly, CSE induced both IL-8 and IL6 release with a corresponding increase in nuclear translocation of RelA/p65 in SAEC ... Ergothioneine inhibits oxidative stress- and TNF-alphainduced NF-kappa B activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 302:860-864 Martin D,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... mathematical modeling, and numerical methods His present interests are in understanding and predicting the transport and fate of sediments and contaminants in surface and ground waters and the effects ... trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Lick, Wilbert J Sediment and contaminant transport in surface ... federal and state agencies, consulting companies, and educational institutions Sediment and contaminant transport is an enormously rich and complex field and involves physical, chemical, and biological...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... bed, in both the horizontal and vertical directions Sediment types can change rapidly in the horizontal direction from coarse sands (where currents and wave action are strong) to fine-grained ... concentrations range from less than mg/L in open waters during quiescent conditions to more than several thousand mg/L in rivers, estuaries, and near-shore areas of oceans and lakes during floods and ... Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters This is a convenient and easy-to-remember equation for ws(d), especially for finegrained sediments whose diameters are often expressed in micrometers...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... obtained by inserting the coring tube into the bottom sediments; this core and its contents then are retrieved and inserted into the Shaker frame The thickness of the sediment in the coring tube ... standard device for measuring sediment erosion and is being widely used by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S Army Corps of Engineers, and consulting companies In field tests in ... layers Variations of erosion rates and bulk properties in both the horizontal and vertical directions were large and equivalent in magnitude To illustrate these variations, erosion rates and bulk...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... equation for the time rate of change of d can be determined by substituting Equation 4.40 into Equation 4.39 to eliminate and then substituting the resulting equation into Equation 4.36 to eliminate ... operationally well-defined and unambiguous definitions of erosion and deposition are proposed as follows In erosion experiments such as those in Sedflume where the test section is short, erosion ... flow conditions and sediment properties within a modeling segment In the absence of spatial and temporal fluctuations, erosion and deposition still occur simultaneously, but their definitions become...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... here, for wave action in Section 5.5, and for sediment transport in Section 6.5 Calculations of wind-driven currents were made for a variety of wind directions and magnitudes, and also for a major ... velocity and (2) a specification of temperature or a specification of heat flux Variations in these boundary conditions and additional boundary conditions are discussed in the following sections ... TWO-DIMENSIONAL, VERTICALLY INTEGRATED, TIME-DEPENDENT MODELS 5.2.1 BASIC EQUATIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS Two-dimensional, vertically integrated conservation equations are obtained by integrating the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... to changes in particle size distributions and the inclusion of bedload and bed armoring All are significant and need to be included in sediment transport modeling 6.3.3 TRANSPORT IN A CURVED ... various interesting features of sediment transport in rivers and the modeling of this transport 6.4.1 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER An introduction to the PCB contamination problem in ... Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters west wind (the dominant wind throughout the year), a northeast wind (the dominant direction during large storms), a southeast wind, and a northwest...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... time, indicating that the adsorption and desorption processes are reversible The desorption rate is greatest at the beginning and then decreases as the HCB is desorbed and its concentration goes ... organic carbon and sediment concentrations At low concentrations of Cw, Coc is a linear function of Cw and o Coc/Cw = Koc As Cw increases, Coc is no longer a linear function of Cw and cono tinually ... flocculation and can be tion increases The increase of t a explained as follows In modeling the results of adsorption experiments, difficulties associated with changes in particle/floc size and density...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Previously, in Section 1.2, an introduction to the problem of water quality modeling, parameterization, and the resulting non-unique solutions was given In Section 8.7, this discussion is continued in ... PCB transport and water quality 8.1 EFFECTS OF EROSION/DEPOSITION AND TRANSPORT Two HOC transport problems are discussed in this section: (1) the transport of PCBs in the Saginaw River, including ... assumption in contaminant transport and fate calculations Results of these calculations are shown in Figures 8.2 and 8.3 Figure 8.2 shows the changes in Cs and Cw as a function of time at the location...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... pathways in the airway epithelium, resulting in the increased production and subsequent release of Hsp72 Extracellular Hsp72, in turn, increases IL-8 gene expression in surrounding airway epithelial ... expression (Figure 4), suggesting that extracellular Hsp72 itself, and not endotoxin contamination of the recombinant protein, induces IL-8 gene expression in human neutrophils In addition, boiled ... expression following Hsp72 treatment, suggesting the important role of TLR4 in Hsp72-induced cytokine expression Discussion Herein we show that RSV infection activates the local stress response in airway...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... showing the scattering process (b) Re-labeling the amplitudes of the wave function r and t are the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wavefunction incident from the left, and r and ... in in ψL = rψL + t ψR 2.1.1 Properties of the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients In actual calculations, these coefficients r, r , t and t are obtained by matching the boundary conditions in ... important role in determining the transport properties, and on the other hand, disorder can be deliberately introduced to tailor the transport behaviors In this thesis, we investigate disorder-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:16

... dependent spin transport measurements in CVD single and bi-layer graphene: The carrier density dependence of spin signal, spin diffusion constant and spin polaraziation in CVD (a) single and (b) ... observation of spin injection, transport and detection in Al accelerated the research of induced magnetization in metal and semiconductor materials In 2001, F J Jedema utilized a new four terminal ... INTRODUCTION 71  4.2  SPIN TRANSPORT IN EXFOLIATED SINGLE LAYER AND BI-LAYER GRAPHENE 72  4.3  SPIN TRANSPORT IN CVD SINGLE LAYER AND BI-LAYER GRAPHENE 78  4.4  CONCLUSION...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:18

... computational domain and the corresponding initial conditions for transient hemodynamic – gas transport simulations obtained from the steady state gas transport result with fixed (position and magnitude) ... Method of Eggleton and Popel to a two-cell system under the introduction of the intercellular interaction using a ligand-receptor binding model In order to describe aggregation mechanisms, Chung ... assigns index value of 0.0 to the interior domain and 1.0 to the exterior domain in order to separate two domains in the index field Thus, index values of 0.0 and 1.0 are substituted into the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:24

... to induced transmission (i.e., bleaching) in phase with the peak in the voltage (and current) excitation cycles Resolution, 50 cm–1 due to mathematical smoothing using a smoothing spline function; ... which was explained by fewer defects due to folding in the lamellar, leading to a longer conjugation length and less perturbed interchain packing in longer chains This reduces the transport dependence ... for standing by me and being my pillar of strength v vi Declaration The work in this thesis is the original work of ZHUO Jingmei, performed independently under the supervision of Dr Peter Ho and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:34

... and code verification 29 2.3 Grid generation in complex domain and Finite Volume Method in curvilinear coordinate 31 2.3.1 Grid generation 31 2.3.2 Computational method 33 2.3.3 Code validation ... cylinder wall ( Nuθ ,max ) and its 149 location ( θ ) at Pr = 10, 0.1 with benchmark solutions xix Chapter Introduction Chapter Introduction Tissue engineering can be defined as the application ... transiently increasing fluid-phase endocytosis; and they are capable of producing intracellular actin and myosin filaments that are oriented in the flow direction Eskin et al (1984) investigated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 21:13