a stochastic grammatical channel

... generating grammatical output rests mostly on the bigram lan- guage model; explicit grammatical knowledge can- not be used. As a result, output grammaticality can- not be guaranteed. The advantage ... characteristics of both statistical and grammatical machine translation. As with the pure statistical translation model described by Wu (1996) (in which a bracketing transduction gram- mar ... and Technology Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong {dekai,wong}@cs.ust.hk Abstract We introduce a stochastic grammatical channel model for machine translation, that synthesizes sev- eral desirable...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... transmitting data spread over a large bandwidth (usually larger than 500 MHz) that shares among users. UWB was traditionally applied in non-cooperative radar imaging. Most recent applications include ... investigated, for both multipath Rayleigh channels and multipath Ricean channels. The joint PDF of two arbitrary correlated Ricean random variables has been provided in an integral form. (Chapter ... increasing demands of high data transmission rate and reliable communication quality, channel estimation has become a necessary part in the OFDM system. For example, the digital video broadcasting...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:28

... ~ A may be 40 M. Marcus, 1991. "Very Large Annotated Database of America~ English". DARPA Speech and Naawal Language Workshop, ~ Grove, Morgan Kaufmarm. F. Pereira and Y. Schabes, ... characterizes a non- trivial part of a natural language, .almost every input string of reasonable length gets an unmanageably large number of different analyses. Since most of these analyses ... Reestimation from Partially Bracketed Corlmra', Proceedings ACY., 92, Newark. P. Resnik, 1992. "Probabilistic Tree-Adjoining Grammar as a Framework for Statistical Natural Language...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... distance. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20(5):522–532. K. Tsuji. 2002. Automatic extraction of translational Japanese-katakana and English word pairs. Interna- tional ... the 867 Metric Arabic Romanized English 1 Bootstrap alakhyryn Algerian 2 Bootstrap wslm Islam 3 Fuzzy M. lkl Alkella 4 Fuzzy M. ’mAn common 5 ALINE skr sugar 6 Leven. asab Arab 7 All mark Marks 8 All rwsywn ... fact that names are sometimes split differently in Arabic and English. The Arabic (2 words) is generally written as Abdallah in English, leading to partial matches with part of the Arabic name....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... baayen@mpi.nl ABSTRACT A stochastic model based on insights of Man- delbrot (1953) and Simon (1955) is discussed against the background of new criteria of ade- quacy that have become available ... population param- eters, Biometrika 43, 45-63. Herdan, G. 1960. Type-toke~ Mathematics, The Hague, Mouton. Ku~era~ H. & Francis, W.N. 1967. Compa- Lational Analysis of Prese~t-Day American ... present theory is of a phono- logical rather than a morphological nature, this parameter models the (occasional) appearance of new simplex words in the language only, and cannot be used to model...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... II. GRAMMATICAL INFERENCE OF A STOCHASTIC GRAMMAR A. Estimation of Markov Parameters for sample texts Assume a Markov source model as a collectlon of states connected to one another by transitions ... trees which are grammatlcally correct but are not meaningful. Most importantly, stochastic augmentation of a gram- mar will be done automatically by feeding a set of sentences as samples from ... tlons of Markov Chains, Vol. 41, No.l, The Annals of Mathematical Statistlcs, 1970 • Baum,L.E. ,An Inequality and Associated Maximi- zation Technique in Statistical Estimation for Probabllstlc...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... Canan Savaskan, David Soberman, Miguel Villas-Boas, Rajiv Lal and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier draft. References Blair, R. D., & Lafontaine, F. (1999). Will Khan ... serve as a gateway for future empirical tests and theoretical generalizations. Acknowledgements The authors thank Fabio Caldieraro, Gregory Carpenter, Preyas Desai, Benjamin Handel, Karsten Hansen, ... g; a; qðÞec g; a; qðÞ c < 1 þ gaþ qðÞ q à 1n 2 a qðÞ1Àc a agðÞþ 2a 1ÀcðÞ a 8þ 5a Þþ4q 1 a Þ a gaþqðÞ 3a 2q 1ÀcþgaþqðÞ 21 a qðÞ q à 2n 000 q à 2u 1 6 3g À a 1þgðÞ 2a q À 2a 1þ3c a þg 4 a ÞðÞ a...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... indicated by its so-called 'semantic radical'. Hanzi that share the same 'radical', share an easily identifiable structural component: the plant names 2, -~ and M share ... share the GRASS radical; malady names m[, ~,, and t~ share the SICKNESS radical; and ratlike animal names 1~, [~, and 1~ share the RAT radical. Some classes are bet- ter for names than others: ... this case, [] ri4 is also a word (e.g. a common abbreviation for Japan) as are 3~ wen2-zhangl 'essay', and ~, yu2 'fish', so there is (at least) one alternate analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... disambiguator has a clearly smaller error rate than the probabilistic tagger when a similar (small) amount of ambiguity is permitted in the output. A state-of-the-art statistical tagger is trained ... essentially statistical language models automat- ically derived from usually hand-annotated corpora. These corpus-based models can be represented e.g. as collocational matrices (Garside et al. ... Present-Day English (Francis and Ku6era 1982) that was annotated using the EngCG tags. The cor- pus was first analysed with the EngCG lexical anal- yser, and then it was fully disambiguated and,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... convenient for a morphological parser as a word generator/analyzer to also output a probability estimate for a word generated/analyzed. In this work, we build such a stochastic morphological parser for ... The main advantage of morphology-based models is that we have at hand the morphological analyses of the words during recognition. We plan to train a language model over the morphological features and ... morphological parser can analyze about 96.7% of the tokens. The morphological parser may output more than one possible analysis for a word due to am- biguity. For example, the parser returns four analyses...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

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Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... communications channels of a certain type. Chapter 3 discusses the basic form that a stochastic local area channel model must take. Great care is taken in defining a local area and a stochastic local area channel, ... FrequencyUnitAutocovariance 149 6.2.3 SpatialUnitAutocovariance 150 6.2.4 JointUnitAutocovariance 151 6.3 RevisitingClassicalSpatialChannelModels 153 6.3.1 ClassicalSpatialChannelModels 153 6.3.2 ChannelModelSolutions ... research literature, many stochastic wireless channel models are simply ad-hoc mix- tures of random variables that supposedly generate realistic radio channels. But channel models of arbitrary...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:36

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Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:31