a stochastic finitestate morphological

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... ~ A may be 40 M. Marcus, 1991. "Very Large Annotated Database of America~ English". DARPA Speech and Naawal Language Workshop, ~ Grove, Morgan Kaufmarm. F. Pereira and Y. Schabes, ... characterizes a non- trivial part of a natural language, .almost every input string of reasonable length gets an unmanageably large number of different analyses. Since most of these analyses ... Reestimation from Partially Bracketed Corlmra', Proceedings ACY., 92, Newark. P. Resnik, 1992. "Probabilistic Tree-Adjoining Grammar as a Framework for Statistical Natural Language...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... the same class as CANTARE, and STARE [see below]. A less “traditional” account of Italian morphology, though inevitably dated, can be found in Hall [1949].) Future, Indicative, etc., are interpreted ... linguistic argument. Matthews (1965) suggests that each model is appropriate to a certain type of lan- guage. Lamb, on the other hand, appears to take it for granted that his model is appropriate ... (following the traditional verbalization “the third singular Future non-Past Indicative of CANTARE”). For the same languages, the realization of a word (expressed as a string of letters, a string...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... distance. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20(5):522–532. K. Tsuji. 2002. Automatic extraction of translational Japanese-katakana and English word pairs. Interna- tional ... the 867 Metric Arabic Romanized English 1 Bootstrap alakhyryn Algerian 2 Bootstrap wslm Islam 3 Fuzzy M. lkl Alkella 4 Fuzzy M. ’mAn common 5 ALINE skr sugar 6 Leven. asab Arab 7 All mark Marks 8 All rwsywn ... fact that names are sometimes split differently in Arabic and English. The Arabic (2 words) is generally written as Abdallah in English, leading to partial matches with part of the Arabic name....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... baayen@mpi.nl ABSTRACT A stochastic model based on insights of Man- delbrot (1953) and Simon (1955) is discussed against the background of new criteria of ade- quacy that have become available ... present theory is of a phono- logical rather than a morphological nature, this parameter models the (occasional) appearance of new simplex words in the language only, and cannot be used to model ... population param- eters, Biometrika 43, 45-63. Herdan, G. 1960. Type-toke~ Mathematics, The Hague, Mouton. Ku~era~ H. & Francis, W.N. 1967. Compa- Lational Analysis of Prese~t-Day American...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... GRAMMATICAL INFERENCE OF A STOCHASTIC GRAMMAR A. Estimation of Markov Parameters for sample texts Assume a Markov source model as a collectlon of states connected to one another by transitions ... trees which are grammatlcally correct but are not meaningful. Most importantly, stochastic augmentation of a gram- mar will be done automatically by feeding a set of sentences as samples from ... tlons of Markov Chains, Vol. 41, No.l, The Annals of Mathematical Statistlcs, 1970 • Baum,L.E. ,An Inequality and Associated Maximi- zation Technique in Statistical Estimation for Probabllstlc...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... magnesium/manganese-dependent, and sodium orthovanadate can inhibit this activity. Phosphoamino-acid analysis ind icated that PknA phosphorylates at serine and threonine residues. PknA was also ... mutant of PknA. Two f orward primers, CC58 (5¢-CACAGGAATTCCATA TGAGCCCCCGAGTTGG-3¢), CC62 (5¢-GTGTTGCGG TGAA TGTGCTCAAGAGCG-3¢) and tw o reverse prim- ers, CC61 (5¢-CTGCCCGGTGGGGGTGATCAAGA TG-3¢), ... SDS/PAGE and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining (left p anel). In vitro kinase assay was carried out with the same lysate as described in M aterials and m ethods (right p anel). Lane 1 , Molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... regarded as separate languages, which are mutually intelligible, but occasionally dif- fer in orthography/pronunciation and vocabulary: Bahasa Malaysia (lit. ‘language of Malaysia’) and Bahasa ... boleh menampung kelas seramai 30 pelajar, selain bekalan-bekalan lain seperti 500 khemah biasa, barang makanan dan ubat-ubatan untuk mangsa gempa Sichuan. ref1: Mercy Relief has sent 17 special tents ... make kereta api and keretapi in Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Malaysia, respectively, both meaning ‘train’. As in English, Malay compounds are written separately, but some stable ones like kerjasama/‘collaboration’...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Ngarrka-ngku.ka marlu marna-kurra luwa.rnu ngarni.nja-kurra (man-ergative-aux kangaroo grass-obj shoot-past eat-infmitive-obj) 'The man is shooting the kangaroo while it is eating grass.' ... Vowel-Harmony The first rule indicates that a word consists of an optional prefix followed by a Vowel- Harmony-Domain; the second claims that a Vowel-Harmony-Domain is a string analyzable as a ... namely prosody and the non- isomorphism of syntactic and phonological structure. We maintain that these are are central to the task of a morphological analyzer and, hence, have incorporated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... by A. We say a factor “fires” when all its neighboring variables are 4 Variables for link labels can be integrated in a straightfor- ward manner, if desired. true and it evaluates to a non-negative ... For adjectives, the ex- ample shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 is a typical sce- nario, where an accusative adjective was tagged as nominative, and was then misanalyzed by the parser as modifying a ... L 3,6 , CASE 3,acc and CASE 6,acc are bolded, indicating that w 3 and w 6 are linked and both have the accusative case. The ternary factor CASE-LINK, that connects to these three variable, therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... multilin- gual aligned data. In Machine Translation Summit IX, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. J. M. Sopena, A. LLoberas, and J. L. Moliner. 1998. A connectionist approach to prepositional phrase at- tachment ... regularities. For this reason, PP at- tachment is a comparatively difficult subtask for rule-based syntax analysis and has often been at- tacked by statistical methods. Because probabilistic approaches ... handwritten grammars of natural languages. A great many formalisms have been advanced that fall into either of the two variants, but even the best of them cannot be said to interpret arbitrary input...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... related words and detect regular trans- formational patterns. A range of automated algorithms for morpholog- ical analysis cope with concatenative phenomena, and base their mechanics on statistics ... presented here have been shown to improve accuracy (Kurimo et al., 2006). Another motivation for evaluating the system on a task rather than on manually annotated data is that linguistically motivated morphological ... suffix candidates {ender, ung, en, t, laune}. Step 2: Ranking candidate stems There are two types of affix candidates: type-1 affix candidates are words that are contained in the data base as full...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... TOC(0)(Beginning) Kanji, Hiragana, Number, Katakana, Alphabet (5:5) 19 TOC(0)(End) Kanji, Hiragana, Number, Katakana, Alphabet (5:5) 20 TOC(0)(Transition) Kanji→Hiragana, Number→Kanji, Katakana→Kanji, (25:25) 21 ... TOC(-1)(End) Kanji, Hiragana, Number, Katakana, Alphabet (5:5) 22 TOC(-1)(Transition) Kanji→Hiragana, Number→Kanji, Katakana→Kanji, (16:15) 23 Boundary Bunsetsu(Beginning), Bun- setsu(End), Label(Beginning), Label(End), ... shown later. The recall of unknown words was lower than that of known words, and the accuracy of automatic mor- phological analysis was lower than that of manual morphological analysis. As previously stated,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... semantically related pairs of words and document titles. Information Storage and Retrieval,. Vol 10, pp 253-260 Al-Fedaghi Sabah S. and Fawaz Al-Anzi (1989) A new algorithm to generate Arabic ... identification on a scale useful for IR remains problematic. Research on Arabic IR tends to treat automatic indexing and stemming separately. Al-Shalabi and Evans (1998) and El-Sadany and Hashish (1989) ... Adamson's algorithm on Arabic data to assess its ability to cluster words sharing a root. Each of the data sets was clustered manually to provide an ideal benchmark. This task was executed by a...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20