a spoken dialogue system

... utterance, H t is the dialogue historical information, and Ω = {A 1 , . . . , A q } is the set of DAs. Using the maximum approximation for summation, (1) can be written as A ∗ t = arg max A Ω  W P ... under- standing (SLU) module converts W t to an abstract representation of the user’s dialogue act (DA). The dialogue management (DM) module determines the user’s dialogue act A ∗ t and accordingly ... INTERSPEECH, pages 268–271. C. Hori, K. Ohtake, T. Misu, H. Kashioka, and S. Naka- mura. 2009b. Statistical dialog management applied to wfst-based dialog systems. In Proc. IEEE Inter- national Conference...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Uncertainty in Spoken Tutorial Dialogue Systems. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 16. C. Rich and C. L. Sidner. 1998. COLLAGEN: A Col- laboration Manager for Software ... tutoring task. In addition, the SIH is not always available and users have to activate it manually. Other visual improvements for dialogue- based computer tutors have been explored in the past (e.g. ... Tuto r 5 362 that naïve users can reliably annotate the informa- tion needed for the NM (Passonneau and Litman, 1993). Our NM design choices should also have an equivalent in a new domain (e.g. displaying...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 46–50, Avignon, France, April 23 - 27 2012. c 2012 Association for Computational Linguistics A Statistical Spoken Dialogue ... user goals adopted to make sys- tems computationally tractable. Work in dialogue system evaluation, e.g. Walker et al. (2004) and Lemon et al. (2006), shows that real user goals are generally sets ... Thomson and S. Young. 2010. Bayesian update of dialogue state: A POMDP framework for spoken dialogue systems. Computer Speech and Language, 24(4):562–588. Marilyn Walker, S. Whittaker, A. Stent,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... 08540, USA usyed@cs.princeton.edu Jason D. Williams Shannon Laboratory AT&T Labs — Research Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA jdw@research.att.com Abstract We use an EM algorithm to learn user ... expectation and its maximization are easy to compute. This is because our dialog model has a chain-like structure that closely resembles an Hidden Markov Model, so a forward-backward procedure can ... θ be the maximum likelihood estimate using automatically transcribed data, i.e., θ asu = e K D as P a e K D as . This approach ignores transcription errors and assumes that user be- havior depends...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... management for spoken dialogue systems. Finally, statistical modelling is prone to sparse data problems, and we need to consider ways to overcome inaccuracies in calculating mutual information. ... role and an inte- grated system must also produce a semantic analysis of the input utterance. Although the goal may be a shallow understanding only, it is not enough that the system knows that ... test utterances), and used the other 70 dialogues for training in each test cycle. The average accuracy rate, 78.68 % is a satisfactory result. We also did another set of cross-validation tests...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... efficient and natural access to applica- tions and services, such as email and calendars, travel and entertainment booking, and product rec- ommendation. In evaluating nine SDS in the DARPA Communicator ... designed manually, as this system is implemented for an- other domain. The order of the dialogues in a pair was randomized. The dialogues were provided as transcripts. After reading each dialogue transcript, ... important than for a user who does not care about price). The explicit presentation of tradeoffs made by the UMSR system in many cases leads to dialogue turns that are more complex than typical dialogue turns...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... machines. In HLT-03. R. Higashinaka, N. Miyazaki, M. Nakano, and K. Ai- kawa. 2004. Evaluating Discourse Understanding in Spoken Dialogue Systems. ACM Transactions on Speech and Language ... conver- sational speech. Computational Linguistics 26(3), 339 373. M. A. Walker, D. Litman, C. Kamm, and A. Abella, 1997. PARADISE: a general framework for evaluat- ing spoken dialogue agents. ... such as semantic relation, semantic class and semantic role are adopted in the semantic dependency graph (Gildea and Jurasfky, 2002; Hacioglu and Ward, 2003). The semantic relations constrain...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... Computer-Human Interaction. (to appear). Oliver Lemon, Alexander Gruenstein, and Stanley Peters. 2002. Collaborative activities and multi- tasking in dialogue systems. Traitement Automa- tique des Langues, ... op- Combining Acoustic and Pragmatic Features to Predict Recognition Performance in Spoken Dialogue Systems Malte Gabsdil Department of Computational Linguistics Saarland University Germany gabsdil@coli.uni-sb.de Oliver ... http://www.talk-project.org Walter Daelemans and V ´ eronique Hoste. 2002. Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks. In Proceed- ings of LREC-02. Walter Daelemans, Jakub Zavrel, Ko van...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... with a dialogue system is to use a grammar-based language model and assist users in becoming expert as quickly as possible. This approach takes advantage of the strengths of both types of language ... deployed and tested as part of the WITAS dialogue system l , a command and control and mixed-initiative dialogue system for interacting with a simulated robotic helicopter or UAV (Unmanned Aerial ... interaction, adaptation and styles of management, page (in press). Oliver Lemon, Anne Bracy, Alexander Gruenstein, and Stanley Peters. 2001. Information states in a multi- modal dialogue system...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... 28:811–840. Marilyn Walker, Amanda Stent, Franc¸ois Mairesse, and Rashmi Prasad. 2007. Individual and domain adap- tation in sentence planning for dialogue. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), ... Sutton and A. Barto. 1998. Reinforcement Learn- ing. MIT Press. Marilyn A. Walker, Candace A. Kamm, and Diane J. Litman. 2000. Towards developing general mod- els of usability with PARADISE. Natural ... IC- SLP. Amanda Stent, Rashmi Prasad, and Marilyn Walker. 2004. Trainable sentence planning for complex in- formation presentation in spoken dialog systems. In Association for Computational Linguistics. R....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... the dialogue. We then calculate the overall mean accuracy over all referents as shown below. RA r = #(appropriate expressions(r)) #(instances(r)) AdaptationAccuracyAA = 1 #(r) Σ r RA r Note that ... Spoken Dialogue Systems Srinivasan Janarthanam School of Informatics University of Edinburgh s.janarthanam@ed.ac.uk Oliver Lemon Interaction Lab Mathematics and Computer Science (MACS) Heriot-Watt ... Current Research in Natural Language Generation, pages 257–285. Academic Press. V. Rieser and O. Lemon. 2009. Natural Language Generation as Planning Under Uncertainty for Spo- ken Dialogue Systems....

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... Saffrani, which is also an Indian restaurant, is in the moderate price range. COMPARE by Attribute The restaurant called Kebab Mahal and the restaurant called Saffrani are both Indian restaurants. However, ... Compu- tational Linguistics (ACL). Marilyn Walker, Amanda Stent, Franc¸ois Mairesse, and Rashmi Prasad. 2007. Individual and domain adap- tation in sentence planning for dialogue. Journal of Artificial ... Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG). Marilyn A. Walker, Candace A. Kamm, and Diane J. Litman. 2000. Towards developing general mod- els of usability with PARADISE. Natural Language Engineering,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... Natural ~ Context 'Language Tracking aterpretation (on Input) Natural Language Generation Dialogue Manager Pragmatic Adaptation (on Input) Back-End " ~ Pragmatic Adaptation ... in Table 3. Dialogue with an Appliance Dialogue with an Application Dialogue with an Intelligent Robot Computer Mediation of Human Dialogue Computer Analysis of Human Dialogue ... In fact, it was first developed for bilingual dialogue in a voice-to-voice machine translation application. In this application, the Dialogue Manager is available for meta- dialogues with...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... of air travel planning. There is a large body of existing data in that domain (MADCOW, 1992), and speakers familiar with the domain are easily available. The internal representation of actions ... Formalisms. Computational Linguis- tics, 16(1), March. M. Walker, J. Fromer, and S. Narayanan. 1998. Learning Optimal Dialogue Strategies: A Case Study of a Spoken Dialogue Agent for Email. In Proceedings ... utterance 22 is with a 154 The CommandTalk Spoken Dialogue System* Amanda Stent, John Dowding Jean Mark Gawron, Elizabeth Owen Bratt, and Robert Moore SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... Conference on Applied Nat- ural Language Processing, pages 193-200. Yoshiaki Noda, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Tomokazu Ya- mada, Akihiro Imamura, Satoshi Takahashi, Tomoko Matsui, and Kiyoaki Aikawa. 1998. ... Understanding Unsegmented User Utterances in Real-Time Spoken Dialogue Systems Mikio Nakano, Noboru Miyazaki, Jun-ichi Hirasawa, Kohji Dohsaka, Takeshi Kawabata* NTT Laboratories 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, ... spoken dialog. In Proceedings of ACL/EACL-97. Jun-ichi Hirasawa, Noboru Miyazaki, Mikio Nakano, and Takeshi Kawabata. 1998. Implementation of coordi- native nodding behavior on spoken dialogue...

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