... electrical engineering, to name
just a few. The goal is to present practical techniques while avoiding the barriers of
detailed mathematics and abstract theory. To achieve this goal, three strategies ...
v
Contents at a Glance
FOUNDATIONS
Chapter 1. The Breadth and Depth of DSP 1
Chapter 2. Statistics, Probability and Noise 11
Chapter 3. ADC and DAC 35
Chapter 4. DSP Software 67
FUNDAMENTALS
Chapter ... 11
Mean and Standard Deviation 13
Signal vs. Underlying Process 17
The Histogram, Pmf and Pdf 19
The Normal Distribution 26
Digital Noise Generation 29
Precision and Accuracy 32
Chapter 3. ADC and...
... considered a bandlimited signal. It is this signal that
is sampled and converted toa discrete-time signal and coded toadigital signal
by the analog -to- digital converter (ADC) that was briefly ... data on a few ADCs currently available are given in Table 1.3 [3].
Hence digitalsignalprocessing is restricted to approximately one megahertz,
and analog signal processors are necessary for processing ... processing signals above that
frequency, for example, processing of radar signals. In such applications, analog
signal processing is a more attractive and viable choice, and currently a lot of
research...
... international normalized ratio
(INR), and a liver panel. Although the serum
aminotransferase level correlates poorly with liver
histology, the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to
alanine ... HCC, and mortality. In
addition, HCV infection has been linked toa variety of
extra-hepatic manifestations such as autoimmune
diseases, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathies and
cryoglobulinemia. ... International Publisher. All rights reserved
Review
A PracticalApproachto Managing Patients with HCV Infection
Richard H. Huang, and Ke-Qin Hu
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,...
... quantitation and three approved drugs for HBV
treatment, and presents an updated and practical clinical approachto
managing CHB. Highly sensitive PCR-based quantitation of HBV DNA
makes it ... normal transaminases.
ALT Levels
For many years, ALT has been used as a standard surrogate for the activity of CHB. Thus, ALT level in combination with
HBV DNA level and histological activity ... treatment. Overall, LAM and ADV
are probably more favorable due to convenient administration, better tolerance, and less cost. When planning a LAM treatment,
medical adherence and regular follow-up...
... fetal monitoring, patient moni-
toring, and ECG and EEC mapping. Another example of advanced digital signal
processing is found in hearing aids and cardiac pacemakers.
5. Image Processing. Image ... necessary for processing signals above that
frequency, for example, processing of radar signals. In such applications, analog
signal processing is a more attractive and viable choice, and currently ... decrease.
For example, data on a few ADCs currently available are given in Table 1.3 [3].
Hence digitalsignalprocessing is restricted to approximately one megahertz,
and analog signal processors are necessary...
... Geneva, Switzerland.
August 2006.
Water Conservation 5
18 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation
Reason 3 Minimising value chain related risk
Today corporate reputation is a more important ...
Ca
2+
80 40 2 20
Mg
2+
35 243 2 122
20 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation
Case Study
A smallgoods manufacturer in Sydney, Australia, estimated that while the
water costs are ... questioning of outdated practices that are
redun-
dant but never eliminated. Value chain analysis, trialling of new products and
32 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation
megaohm-cm. It is...
... n
–
()
uk
(){}
==
Ev
2
k
(){}
Eu
2
k
(){}
b
T
Rb
2
b
T
r
++=
26
DSP
edia
oversampling and digital low pass filters. See also
Aliasing, Analog toDigital Converter,
Oversampling, Sampling, Sample and Hold
.
Aperture:
The physical distance spanned by an array ... domain
representation of anti-
alias filter
Frequency spectra of an analog signal before
and after being filtered by an anti-alias filter.
Anti-
Alias
Filter
array aperture
sensors
Attenuation:
29
away. ... send an RTS signal (request to send data) to DSP
System 2, which replies with a CTS signal (clear to send data) if it is ready to receive data. After the
handshake
using RTS and CTS, the data can...
... how to convert analog
signals into digital signals so that they can be processed using DSP hardware. The
process of changing an analog signaltoa xdigital signal is called analog -to- digital (A/ D)
conversion. ... design tool to adopt at this stage. Program and data
blocks should be allocated to specific tasks that optimize data access time and address-
ing functions.
A software simulator or a hardware platform ... Real-Time
Digital Signal Processing
Signals can be divided into three categories ± continuous-time (analog) signals,
discrete-time signals, and digital signals. The signals that we encounter daily...
... AR0 and AR1, are used as data pointers to array A
i
and
array X
i
, respectively. The instruction macm performances multiply-and-accumu-
late operation. The parallel bar jj indicates the parallel ... initialized to a
constant value of 2.
Label field: Alabel can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (A Z, a z, 0±9, _ ,
and $). It associates a symbolic address with a unique program location. ... )
mov AC0, T0
4. In the program, arrays A
i
and X
i
are defined as global arrays in the exp2.c. The
A
i
and X
i
arrays have the same data values as given previously. The return value is
passed to...
... later in Section 9.3.
9.2 Noise Generators and Applications
Random numbers are useful in simulating noise and are used in many practical applica-
tions. Because we are using digital hardware to ... echo path and rapidly adapt to its variation. This involves the selection of an
adaptive filter structure and an adaptation algorithm. Because the potential applica-
tions of echo cancellation are ... Sinusoidal signal generator (1)
3. Telephone channel simulator (2)
4. Wireless fading channel simulator (2)
Adaptive Echo Canceler and Equalizer
5. Adaptive data echo canceler for dial-up modem applications...
... cos a
r
, A: 6b
sin
2
a cos
2
a 1, A: 7a
sin
2
a
1
2
1 Àcos 2a , A: 7b
cos
2
a
1
2
1 cos 2a , A: 7c
e
Æja
cos a Æ j sin a, A: 8a
sin a
1
2j
e
ja
À e
Àja
, A: 8b
cos a
1
2
e
ja
... signal x(t), thus the power of signal is proportional to the square of signal
amplitude. For example, if the signal x(t) is amplified by a factor g, that is, y(t) gx(t).
The signal gain can ... a, A: 1b
sin a Æ bsin a cos b Æcos a sin b, A: 2a
cos a Æbcos a cos b Çsin a sin b, A: 2b
2 sin a sin b cos a ÀbÀcos a b, A: 3a
2 cos a cos b cos a bcos a Àb, A: 3b
2 sin a...
... al-
Journal of Information Technology Education Volume 4, 2005
Editor: Mike Hart
Teaching IT Project Management to Postgraduate
Business Students: APracticalApproach
Arthur Tatnall and Gina Reyes ...
In the paper we describe and advocate apracticalapproachto teaching IT Project Management to
postgraduate business students from many different disciplines. In particular, we advocate the ... states that often, students lack apractical frame of reference so that the various nuances of IT
issues escape them, especially if these issues are those that are dealt with at a managerial...