a novel concept in innate responses to viral infection

... NS1, are distinct dsRNA-binding proteins and essential for pathogenesis by inhibiting the mammalian interferon-regulated 23 innate antiviral response It was also demonstrated that the dsRNA-binding ... shows that PTGS in plants and RNAi in animals and quelling in Neurospora crassa represent a highly conserved mechanism, indicating an ancient origin (Vance and Vaucheret, 2001; Cogoni and Macino, ... broader group of posttranscriptional gene silencing phenomena common to virtually all eukaryotes PTGS has been demonstrated as a natural antiviral defense in plants Is RNAi also antiviral in animals?...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... was measured according to the method by Geng et al [29] Statistical analysis Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation) and analyzed by one way analysis of variances (ANOVA) ... Containing unpaired electron, free radicals are highly reactive and cause damage to part of cells by inducing DNA strand breaks, purine oxidation and protein DNA cross linking and cell membrane damage ... glycosuria and alterations in plasma creatine, urine nitrogen, uric acid and creatine clearance, concentration related changes in hematocrit and erythrocytes, as well as reticulocyte and erythroblast...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... extracted, and the target ZI3 1A gene was amplified by PCR with primers 5¢-AAATA TAAAACGCTAGCGTCGACATGGCGC-3¢ and 5¢-AGC GTAAAGGATGGGGAAAG-3¢ The final ratio of target cells was determined by counting ... 875–884 20 Togawa S, Ishii J, Ishikura A, Tanaka T, Ogino C & Kondo A (2010) Importance of asparagine residues at positions 13 and 26 on the amino-terminal domain of human somatostatin receptor subtype-5 ... as various mating responses, including global changes in transcription, a reporter gene assay and mating selection are available (Fig 1A) [12] Unlike stable interactions, however, transient interactions...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... in the Methods section hydrolases (Fig 3) These enzymes share a functional catalytic triad made of a catalytic nucleophile serine, associated to a proton carrier histidine and a charge relaying ... In each case, the kinetics of inactivation of Rv1399c have been monitored by measuring the remaining activity, as a function of time, using tripropionin as a substrate 3958 S Canaan et al (Eur ... substrate recognition, suggesting a preference for a polar noncationic substrate as a natural substrate since Rv1399c does not exhibit any catalytic activity against acetylcholine (Table 2) A structural...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... LJY430 LJY431 LJY432 MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa MATa Euroscarf [16] ATCC [15] This study ... data indicates that yeast contain a metalloprotease, which could be a novel a- secretase, in addition to the two aspartic proteases, Yps1 and Yps2 None of the yeast metalloproteases contains an ... Biochemicals, Stockton, UK) as substrate, 20 lL yeast extract, various inhibitors and activators in a total volume of 30 lL The mixture was incubated at 30 °C for 2.5 to h and the reaction terminated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... phosphorylation of a MAPKKK, a MAPKK, and a MAPK [5] The phosphorylation and activation of an MAPK can lead to changes in its subcellular localization and its interaction with transcriptional effectors, ... and negatively mediate pathogen signal transduction [9] In tobacco, salicylic acid (SA)-induced protein kinase and woundinduced protein kinase, two MAPKs in group A, were activated by inoculation ... three interlinked protein kinases: a MAPKKK kinase, a MAPKK, and a MAPK [4] Signals from extracellular stimuli are transmitted into the cell and are sensed by downstream targets via the sequential...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... adaptation Failure to adapt to a changing environment can lead to fatal consequences This applies not only to the realm of business In a classical analogy, also species in the natural world have ... other hand, the research was mainly based on an empirical study – a quantitative survey among managers in Austria and Slovenia Introduction: Researching strategic adaptation in a cross-cultural context ... A (2004) Cultural variations in strategic issue interpretation: Relating cultural uncertainty avoidance to controllability in discriminating threat and opportunity Strategic Management Journal,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... for CaS were 5¢-AAATGGCAACGAAGTCTTCAC-3¢ and 5¢-CAGTCGGAGCTAGGAAGGAA-3¢ Isolation of plasma membrane, intact chloroplasts, stroma and thylakoids The plasma membrane fraction of Arabidopsis was ... (AY341888) was amplified by PCR using PfuTurbo CX Hotstart DNA polymerase (Strategene, La Jolla, CA, USA) and the uracil-containing primers nt114 (forward: GGCTTAAUATGGCTATGGCGGAAATGG CAACGA) and ... proteins and FHA domains, according to eukaryotic linear motif prediction at http://www.expasy.org 14-3-3 proteins are known to function as adaptors that mediate protein–protein interactions and to...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... decreased innate resistance to HSV-1 infection, depletion of NK cells had no such effect Innate resistance to HSV-1 infection is dependent on Stat Stat is an IFN-activated transcription factor that ... the weakly virulent KOS-GFP strain [50] caused a slowly progressing infection in rag2-/- mice that was not lethal until 25 ± days p.i Thus, Stat plays an integral role in innate resistance to HSV-1 ... IFN-α/β and IFN-γ are important activators of Stat 1-induced resistance to HSV-1 in vivo However, further studies are necessary to determine if chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines are also...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... detrimental effect of TLR signaling is associated with the pathways that lead to NFB activation and pro-inflammatory responses In contrast, TLR signaling pathways that activate IRFs can induce antiinflammatory ... influencing pro-inflammatory cytokine production [3,31] In particular, administration of the NFB inhibitor Tat-NEMO Binding Domain provided protection against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats ... following injury [4] Stroke also induces an acute inflammatory response in the circulating blood Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, including IL6, IL1b, MCP-1 and TNFa are elevated in the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... decreased innate resistance to HSV-1 infection, depletion of NK cells had no such effect Innate resistance to HSV-1 infection is dependent on Stat Stat is an IFN-activated transcription factor that ... the weakly virulent KOS-GFP strain [50] caused a slowly progressing infection in rag2-/- mice that was not lethal until 25 ± days p.i Thus, Stat plays an integral role in innate resistance to HSV-1 ... IFN-α/β and IFN-γ are important activators of Stat 1-induced resistance to HSV-1 in vivo However, further studies are necessary to determine if chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines are also...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... does in building spaces only Today’s A/ C systems: • Maintain a healthy building environment o In commercial and new residential, A/ C provides ventilation air to maintain indoor air quality o A/ C ... remaining refrigerants used today (R41 0A and R-13 4A) are strong contributors to global warming Their global warming potentials are 2000 and 1300, respectively (ASHRAE 2006) Finding data on air ... eliminates desiccant entrainment into the airstream When used to contain water, it eliminates wet surfaces, prevents bacterial growth and mineral buildup, and avoids cooling core degradation DEVap’s...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... easily available in routine and even reference laboratories Lichtman and colleagues have reported a mathematical formula which can be used to calculate P50 reliably [5] Calculating P50 using this ... these Hb variants are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner High affinity Hb variants release oxygen in the tissue relatively slowly and create relative tissue hypoxia This leads to increased ... polycythemia in her mother, maternal grandmother and her younger sister Physical examination was unremarkable Laboratory parameters were remarkable for elevated hemoglobin (17.2 gm%) and hematocrit...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 16:23

... adrenal gland Immunohistochemically, the cells were MelanA and synaptophysin immunopositive No immunostaining for cytoceratin, chromogranin, EMA and CEA was observed The remaining non-neoplastic adrenal ... the body and tail of the pancreas and (iv) functioning bilateral adrenal tumors, was established The patient was submitted to an exploratory laparotomy through a bilateral subcostal incision ... histological findings compatible to neuroendocrine tumor, somatostatin receptor imaging with Indium 111 (OctreoScan®) disclosing radionuclide material uptake in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... mechanism by which Nedd5 may be autoantigenic Indeed, apoptosis may play an important role in bypassing tolerance to intracellular autoantigens The specific modification of autoantigens and their ... contribute to an overload of autoantigens in the circulation or in target tissues that could become available to initiate an autoimmune response [29] In susceptible individuals, this can lead to autoantibody-mediated ... G, Alessandri C, Capoano R, Profumo E, Siracusano A, Salvati B, Rigano R, et al.: Screening of a HUAEC cDNA library identifies actin as a candidate autoantigen associated with carotid atherosclerosis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... protein Sip1 Sip1 is a nuclear splicing factor containing an arginine/serine-rich domain and a RNAbinding motif that may play a role in linking the processes of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing ... human antibodies (0.1 µg/µl) in PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-human IgG (Sigma) was added and fluorescence was analysed with an Available online ... Margutti P, Delunardo F, Sorice M, Valesini G, Alessandri C, Capoano R, Profumo E, Siracusano A, Salvati B, Riganò R, Ortona E: Screening of a HUAEC cDNA library identifies actin as a candidate...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... normal or elevated PTH levels should have a calcium level determined We also think that DNA sequencing is minimally invasive, is becoming more affordable, can lead to accurate diagnosis, and should ... Postlethwaite W, Sheridan B, Brown RC, Atkinson AB: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia as a differential diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism: studies in a large kindred and a review of surgical experience ... characterization of a novel mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor gene in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia: modulation of clinical severity by vitamin D status J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... responses Plant J 2007, 50(2):347-363 Seki M, Ishida J, Narusaka M, Fujita M, Nanjo T, Umezawa T, Kamiya A, Nakajima M, Enju A, Sakurai T, Satou M, Akiyama K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Carninci P, Kawai ... sensitivity to ABA in germination assays Disruption of WRKY18, on the other hand, significantly reduced plant sensitivity to ABA as indicated by an approximate 15% increase in the germination rates ... WRKY40 negatively regulates plant responses to ABA probably by modulating ABA-regulated genes products could act as early transcriptional effectors to regulate expression of additional ABA-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... F-50-TGCCTGCTTCCCAGGGTGTCGAAGAGATTT-30 F-50-AGGATCAAAGGCGGGTGAAC-30 R-50-TCCCTCTCTCCAAAGATTCCAG-30 F-50-AGGATCAAAGGCGGGTGAAC-30 R-50-TCCCTCTCTCCAAAGATTCCAG-30 F-50-TCTGAAGCCCAGTCCCAAAG-30 R-50-AAATGTTGCTCAGCCCCAC-30 55 692 55 ... F-50-CCCAAAGCCTCCTCTTCCTCCT-3' F-50-AGGTCTCCAGTTGTTTCATG-30 F-50-TAGGCTGGGAGGTCTCTC-30 R-50-ACCCAACAAAGACACACTC-30 F-50-ATGCTGTTGAAGCAGGCAGCATGACTAGGA-3' F-50-TGCCTGCTTCCCAGGGTGTCGAAGAGATTT-30 F-50-AGGATCAAAGGCGGGTGAAC-30 ... R-50-TGTCCCTGATTAGCCCGCAA-30 F-50-GCAGCCAGCCAGTAAAATG-30 R-50-TGTCCTCACAGTCCCACTTC-30 F-50-GTCCACCACTCACTGTTTTG-30 R-50-AGTCCATCACACCCACATC-3 F-50-TGTTCCCAACCCCTTTCTTCC-30 R-50-AAATGGGCCAGACTCACTTCAG-30...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:21