a joint sourcechannel model

... it needs a word dictionary and takes long time for searching many character combinations. 61 4.2 Experiment Results and Analyses We used two separate Eumjeol n-grams as lan- guage models for ... single Jaso tran- 3 Jaso is a Korean character. 4 ‘Transition’ means the correct character is changed to other character due to some causes, such as typographical errors. sition case (나와욧Æ나와요 ... because there are several advantages. Since an Eumjeol is a combination of 3 Jasos, the number of all possible Eumjeols is much larger than that of all possible Jasos. In other words, Jaso-based...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... propose a cascaded linear model for joint Chinese word segmentation and part- of-speech tagging. With a character-based perceptron as the core, combined with real- valued features such as language models, ... ap- proach of discriminative models treats segmentation as a labelling problem by assigning each character a boundary tag (Xue and Shen, 2003), Joint S&T can be conducted in a labelling fashion ... features as well as the character-based ones. We noticed that the templates related to word unigrams and bigrams bring to the feature space an enlargement much rapider than the character-base...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

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Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 05:48

... first solve (1) and (2) simultaneously numerically, and then integrate (3) to obtain the function A   . 32.3 Calibration Let  0  0 be given. The value at time t of a bond maturing at time t + ... , 1 2  2 2 C 2 2  ; (3) A 0 = 0; Chapter 32 A two-factor model (Duffie & Kan) Let us define: X 1 t= Interest rate at time t X 2 t= Yield at time t on a bond maturing at time t +  0 Let X 1 0 ... CHAPTER 32. A two-factor model (Duffie & Kan) 321 32.2 Zero-coupon bond prices The value at time t  T of a zero-coupon bond paying $1 at time T is B t; T =IE " exp  , Z T t X 1 u...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 02:20

... portals. It is essentially the organizational culture and employee attitudes toward change that matter. Organizational Factors Organizational factors include organizational culture, opportunities ... employees, they may impact the remaining two. For instance, managers may develop an organizational culture that facilitates the implementation of changes, and specifically technological changes. To ... technology and particularly the Internet and the World Wide Web has dramatically changed how organizations operate. The most far-reaching changes to careers are coming from transformations of work and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 08:20

... transition. As mentioned in an earlier chapter, the density may attain values that are substantially higher than random close packing, and quite close to the crystalline limit [131, 132]. An analogous ... investigations. The model [174] is based on the generalisation of an earlier cellular automaton (CA) model [22, 75, 83, 165] of an avalanching sandpile. This version of the model contains only near-neighbour ... very asymmetrically shaped, and there is a strong preferred orientation, the nonequilibrium regime of granular dynamics will carry all the usual characteristics of ageing. Now recall that that...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 11:36

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:08

... 4.2: Creating a Logical Data Model In this activity, you will use the skills learned in this module to define the relationships within a logical data model and produce a sample ER diagram for ... the Ferguson and Bardell, Inc. case study. In each of the two exercises in this activity, you analyze a single aspect of a logical data design. At the end of each exercise, the class will discuss ... cardinality and existence characteristics of each of the relationships defined in Exercise 1. ! Identify cardinality 1. For each relationship on your ER diagram, ask the question “How many...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 06:16

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:37

... M.D. American Thoracic Society University of South Alabama Mobile, AL Nancy E. Dunlap, M.D. American College of Chest Physicians University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL Wafaa M. El-Sadr, ... Feinstein AR. The BCG controversy: a methodological and statistical reappraisal. JAMA 1983;249:2362–9. 31. Rosenthal SR, Loewinsohn E, Graham ML, et al. BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in Chi- cago: ... of mass neonatal BCG vaccination among Canadian Indians. Am J Public Health 1986;76:783–6. 38. Shapiro C, Cook N, Evans D, et al. A case-control study of BCG and childhood tuberculosis in Cali,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... replaced by a floating-rate bond, a floating-rate bond replaced by a fixed-rate bond, and a floating-rate bond replaced by another floating-rate bond with a different index or a different margin. MOTIVATION ... fixed-rate or floating-rate bonds can similarly be investigated by suitably amending the appropriate input variables. Several what-if scenarios can be investigated (or simulated) to determine breakeven ... have to be evaluated on a case by case basis to calculate the exact costs or savings produced by the various interacting variables. Consequently, there is a need for an interactive computer model...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... outlined above by introducing a very fundamental data structure called Initiative (Fig. 3). An initiative is a generalization of any form of action that has a defined start and end date and is unde rtaken ... rtaken to reach a goal. Therefore, an initiative may be a program, a project, a sub-project, a pro ject phase, a work package, an activity or a task (indicated by the inheritance relationship between ... Their feasibility, profitability, and strategic impact are analyzed so that a final decision can be made regard- ing their implementation (Idea Evaluation). This phase ends with a formal go/no-go...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20