a dynamic logic formalisation

... in Table 3, where, for a string a and an element a, tail (a • a) = a. As usual in modal logic, the language is in- terpreted in a possible-worlds based semantical structure. A model is a structure M ... A1 A A2 Al V A2  —> A 2 VxAl]xA [a] A 1< ;a& gt ;A In the basic version of DL, atomic programs 7 are simple assignments (x := t), where x is an individual variable and t is a first-order ... compound programs for all states s. S. Stack Variables. Interesting variants of DL arise from allowing auxiliary data structures such as stacks and arrays. Following (Harel et al., 2000),...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... and statistical approaches in natural language processing and has been applied to tasks such as information extraction, information retrieval and machine translation (Hockenmaier and Steedman, ... ways. Typed Dynamic Logic does not have any rule for word formation and re- gards “orange juice” as a single word, whereas most parsers treat “orange juice” as the sepa- rate words “orange” and ... and compositional, which makes its interface with syntax tr ansparent and st raightforward. This is a significant advantage for achieving robustness in natural language processing. 2 Background 2.1 Typed Dynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2013, 17:01

... Center Disaster Recovery at Extended Distance Single Data Center Applications remain active Near-continuous availability to data GDPS/PPRC HyperSwap Manager Two Data Centers Systems remain active Automated ... enterprise Continuous Availability / Disaster Recovery Metropolitan Region Continuous Availability Regionally and Disaster Recovery Extended Distance Continuous Availability of Data Within a Data Center Disaster ... 24/7 24/06/2009 23 The road ahead for Dynamic Infrastructure with z Our goal is to extend mainframe qualities to heterogeneous platforms within a Dynamic Infrastructure to Support Critical Applications  End-to-End...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 15:15

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:36

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:44

... characterized bytheTurnergroup(Freieretal.,1986).Dangling bases can also appear inside multiloop diagrams. Notice also that the coaxial diagram in equation (11) really corresponds with four new diagrams because once we allow pairing, dangling bases also ... calculate the gap matrices. For a given gap matrix, we have to con- sider all the different ways that its diagram can be assembled using one or two matrices at a time. (Again, Feynman diagrams ... are energyminimizationalgorithms(Schusteretal., 1997).Whilenotasaccurateascomparative sequence analysis, these algorithms have still pro- ven to be useful research tools. Thermodynamic parameters are available...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:07

... TA 2950 TGA with a platinum pan. A nitrogen atmosphere was used for each trial. Some analyses were performed on a Perkin Elmer-7 TGA with an aluminum pan. A nitrogen atmosphere was also used ... lack of any additional peaks in the XRPD patterns would imply the presence of an amorphous material and/or an impurity. Note that both of these samples also have atypical preparations (see Table ... Summary of DSC data, suggested results, and additional characterizations sample no. peak onsets (°C) peak max (°C) peak area (J/g) suggested form thermal event a 3 b 19 92 76 III monohydrate...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... semantics provides a computationally attractive means of representing the semantics of natural language. However, the models used in this formalism are static and are usually infinite. Dynamic ... Logic and Languages, Methuen and Company, London. Friedman, J., D. Moran, and D. Warren (1978) "An interpretation system for Montague grammar", American Journal for Computational ... models are incomplete models that include only the information needed for an application and to which information can be added. Dynamic models are basically approximations of larger conventional...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 14:20

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Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... temporary and permanent price cuts reveal that short-term purchase and consumption elasticities for cigarettes can markedly differ. We also demonstrate that temporary and permanent price changes ... (1993) and Orphanides and Zervos (1995) for two extensions. 4 See Waters and Sloan (1995) for an application to alcohol, Olekalns and Bardsley (1996) for caffeine, and Choo (2000) and Arcidiacono, ... generalize these results to dynamic single-agent models. 6 Machado and Sinha (2007) develop an analytical model of time-inconsistent smokers’ participation and cessation decisions, and using a...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... aversion, a higher marginal tax rate may reduce the propensity to undertake a self-employed activity. On the other h and, the higher marginal tax rate might also act as an insurance against business ... exercise an optio n to incorporate. As they show, personal taxation has an ambiguous eect. On the one hand, the cost of capital in the start-up stage is raised by dividend taxation. On the other hand, ... hold for any incremen tal investment, then capital accumulation is unaected by taxation. 2.3 Entry and the option to quit So far we have analyzed the entrepreneurial choice by assuming that the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... Argentina, Australia, Canada, India, Japan, Mexico, and South Korea—have enacted or updated data privacy laws. These laws are mostly generally applicable to personal data irrespective of the ... laws were passed and how these changes have created both an economic and a social imperative for a new approach to commercial data protection. Section II describes the Dynamic Privacy Framework ... Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Patrick Gallagher Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology DYNAMIC PRIVACY FRAMEWORK 9 9 I. Facing the Commercial Data Privacy...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... {r  | a : (i, a, r) ∈ L} 7 for each role r ∈ R i do 8 A r ← {a| (i, a, r) ∈ L} 9 B r ← S a A r {(resolve (a) , r)} 10 return S A expand ( B r 1 , ,B r n ) {(i, t, A) } / * returns all possible argument sets ... 2009. c 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics ∗† ∗† ∗¶ †‡§ ∗ † ¶ ‡ § {sebastian,chun,takagi}@dbcls.rois.ac.jp tsujii@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp 41 / * returns all events E specified by clues C and links ... )} / * returns all clues C and links L given by the events in E * / 1 function eventsT oLinks (E): 2 C ← ∅, L ← ∅ 3 for each event (i, t, A) ∈ E do 4 C ← C∪{(i, t)} 5 for each argument (a, r) ∈ A do 6 if a...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Computational Linguistics A Dynamic Bayesian Framework to Model Context and Memory in Edit Distance Learning: An Application to Pronunciation Classification Karim Filali and Jeff Bilmes ∗ Departments ... range of applications in classification, natural language processing, computational biology, and many other fields. It has been extended in various ways; for example, to handle simple (Lowrance and Wagner, 1975) ... Wison, and E.R. Hancock. 2000. Bayesian graph edit distance. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22:628–635. M. Neuhaus and H. Bunke. 2004. A probabilistic ap- proach to learning...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... than the target completion date after crashing. After the path information is collected a linear program is applied to determine the crashing strategy. Haga (1998) along with Haga and Marold ... each activity, the critical path, and the near critical paths. A near critical path in this model is a path which length is smaller than the original completion date but it is larger than the ... Several simulation based crashing methods are de- scribed in the literature (Bissiri and Dunbar 1999, Haga and Marold 2004, Haga and Marold 2005). These methods are heuristics that are developed...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20

... Linear Text Segmentation using a Dynamic Programming Algorithm Athanasios Kehagias Dept. of Math., Phys. and Comp. Sciences Aristotle Univ of Thessaloniki GREECE kehagias@egnatia.ee.auth.gr Fragkou ... (Heinonen, 1998) and Utiyama and Isahara (Utiyama and Isa- hara, 2001). Finally, other researchers use probabilistic ap- proaches to text segmentation including the use of hidden Markov models (Yamron et al., 1999), ... following Halliday and Hasan's theory (Halliday and Hasan, 1976), utilize statistical similarity measures such as word cooccurrence. For example the linear discourse segmentation algorithm proposed...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 08:20