9 industrial applications of ionic liquids

... cyclooxygenase, and lipooxygenase (Fesen et al., 199 3; Michaluart et al., 199 9; Nicklaus et al., 199 7; Sud'ina et al., 199 3) It has been reported that the ester part of CAPE is important for its antiproliferative ... concentrations of 9. 0 mM (9. 0 àmol), 9. 2 mM (9. 2 àmol), 12 .9 mM (12 .9 àmol), 13 .9 mM (13 .9 àmol), and 17.1 mM (17.1 àmol), respectively (Kurata et al., 2011) Table Conversion yields of caffeoylquinic ... future of R&D for biomass processing utilizing ionic liquids relies on the development of novel, environmentally-friendly ionic liquids that allow high concentrations of dissolved 24 Applications of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... by Vigh et al [74] for weak EOF Fig 1-4 Comparison of flow profiles of chromatography and CE 1.2.3.1.1 Control of EOF It is desirable to manipulate the magnitude of EOF in order to optimize the ... representation of synthesis of ionic liquids ………………………47 Fig 2-2 Mass spectra of HMIMCl (positive ESI) ………………………………….61 Fig 2-3 Mass spectra of HMIMCl (negative ESI) ……………………………………62 Fig 2-4 Comparison of ... ………………………………………… 175 Fig 6 -9 Electropherogram of real sample …………………………………………178 Fig 6-10 Analysis of the real sample by HPLC …………………………………1 79 v LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Comparison of the yields of DAIM based...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... Volkov, eds., Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids, Kluwer Academic, 2003 T Welton, Chem Rev., 99 , 2071 ( 199 9) H Ohno, ed., Ionic Liquids: The Front and Future of Material Development ... Phys Chem B, 103, 41 59 ( 199 9) 35 (a) W Kauzmann, Chem Rev., 43, 2 19 ( 194 8) (b) C A Angell, Science, 267, 192 4 ( 199 5) 36 C Alba, J Fan, C A Angell, J Chem Phys., 110, 5262 ( 199 9) 37 (a) H Vogel, ... 1/20/2011 10: 29: 14 AM IMPORTANCE AND POSSIBILITY OF IONIC LIQUIDS Hiroyuki Ohno 1.1 IONIC LIQUIDS Ionic liquids are salts with a very low melting temperature Ionic liquids have been of great interest...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... desorption of solvent molecules is the driving force for polymer intercalation from solution (Arada et al., 199 2; Tunney et al., 199 6; Fischer et al., 199 9; Theng et al., 197 9; Ogata et al., 199 7; Yano ... K.K ( 199 1) Theory of single-electron charging of quantum wells and dots Phys Rev B, 44, 12 (September 199 1), 6 199 -6211, 1 098 0121 Bardeen, J ( 196 1) Tunnelling from a many-particle point of view ... EP ( 199 7) Lattice of polymer melt intercalation in organicallymodified layered silicates Macromolecules, Vol 30, pp 799 0- 799 9 316 Advances in Diverse Industrial Applications of Nanocomposites...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:21

... 0.2 mg/cm2 91 25 days 70 kg 25 years 250 days/year 50 mg/day 2000 cm2 Default Professional judgment USEPA ( 199 7) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 2) HQ or ... (adult); 2 190 days (child) 25,550 days 70 kg (adult); 15 kg (child) 1.8 × 10–7 mg/m3 90 mg/kg ABSgi ABSsk AF ATnc Freeman et al ( 199 5) USEPA ( 199 5) USEPA ( 199 7) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 1) USEPA ( 199 1) ... Distribution of Reported Occupational Illnesses by Category of Illness, Private Industry, 198 2– 199 8 Category 198 2 198 6 199 0 199 4 199 8 Total illness cases Skin diseases or disorders Dust diseases of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... 2006 Mitola, J & Maguire Jr, G ( 199 9), ’Cognitive Radio: Making Software Radios More Personal,’ IEEE Personal Communications, vol 6, no 4, pp 13- 18, Aug 199 9 Radunovic, B., and Le Boudec, J., ... ICUWB 2007, pp .91 592 0, 24-26 Sept 2007 Sklar, B., ( 198 8), ’Digital Communications, Fundamental and Applications , Prentice Hall 198 8 Urkowitz, H., ( 196 7), ‘Energy Based Detection of Unknown Deterministoc ... purpose of such normalization is to let the support of the soft-spectrum mask match the support of the co-basis The support of the co-basis is not compact, but its energy is mostly (say 90 %) concentrated...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 15:20

... is about 93 K and their critical current density is about MA/cm2 at 77.4 K The high oxygen pressure sputtering technique presupposes deposition at 0.5 to mbar of a pure oxygen (99 .99 9%) sputtering ... performed at ≈ 3.5 mbar pressure of pure (99 .99 9%) oxygen The DC sputtering technique is usually used for deposition from sufficiently conducting targets, while in the case of more insulating targets ... (Ryhänen et al., 198 9) This effective reduction of SQUID inductance leads to an increase of the voltage swings and reduction of white noise of the SQUIDs This effect is absent in the case of direct-coupled...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... Causey, S J ( 199 9) Mechanical, thermal, and oxidation properties of refractory hafnium and zirconium compounds Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol 19, No 13-14, (October 199 9) 2405-2414 ... 2008; Carney et al., 20 09; Hu, et al., 20 09; Karlsdottir & Halloran, 20 09) NASA started in 199 0 a research program on UHTCs and ended up in 199 7 and 2000 demonstrating the use of ZrB2 and HfB2 for ... Graham, H C ( 197 1) Thermogravimetric study of the oxidation of ZrB2 in the temperature range of 800°C to 1500°C Journal Electrochemical Society, Vol 118, No 7, (July 197 1) 1 195 -1 199 Tripp, W C.;...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... C4H9 C4H9 BF4 92 3.13 11 C4H9 i-C4H9 BF4 96 2.30 12 CH3 C4H9 PF6 97 3. 89 13 CH3 C4H9 SbF6 98 2 .92 14 CH3 C6H13 (CF3CF2)3PF6 98 3. 29 15 [P+(C6H13)C14H 29] BF4- 96 3.01 16 [P+(C6H13)C14H 29] PF6- 98 ... polymerization of olefins (Abdul-Sada et al., 199 5a; 199 5b; Ambler et al., 199 6; Chauvin et al., 198 8; 198 9) Effectively, Ionic liquids, among a unique set of chemical and physical properties (Chauvin, 199 6; ... waste of the expensive transition metal compound, and to use the catalyst repeatedly (recycling) (Chauvin et al., 199 0; 199 5; 199 7; Einloft et al 199 6; Simon et al., 199 8; Ellis et al., 199 9; Pinheiro...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... layer of protection makes the effort definitely worthwhile http://www.diamondcs.com.au/processguard/ SofoTex.com weekly newsletter New software downloads for week ending Feb-07-2005 http://www.sofotex.com ... http://arxspace.com/Camouflage/ http://camouflage.unfiction.com/ http://webmasterfree.com/software /99 6.html Outlook Add-in Gives Email Account Flexibility RealAccount is a freeware plug-in for ... should check out SOFTWIN, a company that provides a number of totally free anti-virus utilities than scan all data transfers associated with IM products All the utilities make use of the virus signature...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 14:21

... Proc., 1, 223– 237 Welton, T ( 199 9) Room-temperature ionic liquids: Solvents for synthesis and catalysis Chem Rev., 99 , 2071–2084 Wasserscheid, P & Welton, T (2003) Ionic liquids in synthesis Weinheim: ... of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia for providing materials and facilities 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 REFERENCES Holbrey, J D & Seddon, K R ( 199 9) Ionic liquids ... utilisation of protic imidazolium salts in homogeneous catalysis Adv Synth Catal., 345, 95 9 96 2 Ngo, H L., LeCompte, K., Hargens, L & McEwen, A B (2000) Thermal properties of imidazolium ionic liquids...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... Reading 475 19 Example of Risk Assessment Applications 4 79 Alan C Nye, Glenn C Millner, Jay Gandy, and Phillip T Goad 19. 1 19. 2 19. 3 19. 4 19. 5 19. 6 19. 7 Tiered Approach to Risk Assessment 4 79 Risk ... Phillip L., 195 2- II James, Robert C., 194 7- III Roberts, Stephen M., 195 0RA1211 P746 2000 615.9Y02—dc21 Printed in the United States of America 10 99 -042 196 CONTRIBUTORS LOUIS ADAMS, PH.D Professor, ... Properties of Representative Carboxylic Acids 3 89 Toxic Properties of Representative Esters 390 Toxic Properties of Representative Ethers 390 Toxic Properties of Representative Halogenated Alkanes 391 ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... Kinetics of lead disposition in humans,” Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 118: 16– 29 ( 199 3) Rollins, D E., and C D Klaassen, “ Biliary excretion of drugs in man,” Clin Pharmacokinet 4: 368–3 79 ( 197 9) Schanker, ... Publication N2R9 198 , Harwell, England, 197 8 Crouthamel, W G., J T Doluisio, R E Johnson, and L Diamond, “ Effect of mesenteric blood flow on intestinal drug absorption,” J Pharm Sci 59: 878–8 79 ( 197 0) ... 80 195 250 165 140 — — 215 110 160 120 80 100 85 240 145 225 170 150 85 260 130 110 95 — — 330 175 205 110 120 105 95 320 145 130 130 140 95 215 185 — 155 — — 170 100 180 — 95 85 95 140 155 90 ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... tubule (pars recta); (6) descending limb of the loop of Henle; (7) thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle; (8) thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle; (9) distal convoluted tubule; (10) collecting ... variety of other tests A battery of such tests includes urinary pH, measurement of urine volume, and a determination of the excretion of sodium and potassium An excess of protein or the appearance of ... Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, TLVs and Other Occupational Exposure Values— 199 8, ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH, 199 7 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profiles...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... among women and the incidence of cancer from industrial chemicals 9. 2 MECHANISMS OF INDUSTRIALLY RELATED PULMONARY DISEASES Irritation of Respiratory Airways One of the most common toxicity manifestations ... Philadelphia, 197 2 Tager, I B., S T Weiss, A Muñoz, B Rosener, and F E Speizer, “ Longitudinal study of the effects of maternal smoking on pulmonary function in children,” NEJM, 3 09: 699 –703 ( 198 3) USEPA, ... understood Because of this, assessment of potential immunotoxic effects of drugs, chemicals, and other agents is not a simple task Often, measurement of a variety of components of the immune system...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... Specificities 29/ 47 0/5 1/1 3/3 9/ 16 2/6 0/0 0/10 0/0 0/0 (–)/Total Gene-Tox 62 100 100 60 33 — — — %(–) 25/ 29 13/ 29 — — 9/ 9 20/ 29 11/12 13/ 29 5/12 13/14 (–)/Total Specificityb NTP 86 45 — — 100 69 92 45 ... types of somatic cells as well Transgenic Mouse Assays In the late 198 0s and early 199 0s the development of a new genotoxicity assay system was reported by Gossen et al ( 198 9), Kohler et al ( 199 1), ... use of test batteries as predictive measures of carcinogenic potential Among many others, Ashby and Tennant ( 199 4), Anderson et al ( 199 4), Benigni and Giuliani ( 198 7), and Blake et al ( 199 0),...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... American Cancer Society ( 199 9) Ames, B N., M Profet, and L S Gold, Dietary pesticides (99 .99 % all natural) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 87: 7777–7781 ( 199 0) Ames, B N., L S Gold, ... Indices, 6th ed., 199 1– 199 8 ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), Toxicological Profiles, Atlanta, GA, 199 3– 199 9 Chang, L W., L Magos, and T Suzuki, eds., Toxicology of Metals, CRC ... the United States an average of 0.7 percent from 199 0 to 199 5 Cancer mortality similarly declined about 0.5 percent per annum for the same period ( 199 0– 199 5) Cancers of the lung, breast, prostate,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... 110-54-3 ND 302-01-2 67-63-0 108-20-3 67-56-1 74-83 -9 74-87-3 75- 09- 2 78 -93 -3 91 -20-3 98 -95 -3 75-52-5 108 -95 -2 110-86-1 100-42-5 1 09- 99- 9 108-88-3 79- 01-6 75-01-4 NE 500 0.1 0.5 NE 10 10 20 1,000 ... 67-63-0 108-20-3 – 190 –140 –126 21 42 2 39 1 79 –1 69 36 50 –173 –118 –177 –134 –1 39 36 –127 –76 9 –82 –137 –144 –1 39 99 –256 69 133 127 363 176 752 >360 116 378 213 173 171 94 388 –6 156 236 181 ... Nitromethane Phenol Pyridine Styrene Tetrahydrofuran Toluene Chemical CAS No 67-56-1 78 -93 -3 91 -20-3 98 -95 -3 75-52-5 108 -95 -2 110-86-1 100-42-5 1 09- 99- 9 108-88-3 TABLE 16.1 (Continued) Molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... Res 99 : 47–51 ( 199 4) Daly, J W., “ The chemistry of poisons in amphibian skin,” Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 92 : 9 13 ( 199 5) Dickstein, E S., and F W Kunkel, “ Foxglove tea poisoning,” Am J Med 69: ... the nuclear industry Source: Allman (Oct 198 5) 3500 2250 2100 1600 1300 1100 98 0 90 0 850 800 700 520 330 300 220 210 207 141 130 95 95 95 90 90 74 41 40 39 37 30 27 24 18 17 13 11 6 5 2 0.02 471 ... L L Simpson, ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 198 9, pp 95 –1 19 Moffett, M W., “ Poison-dart frogs: lurid and lethal,” Natl Geogr Mag 187: 98 –111 ( 199 5) Palafox, N A., L G Jain, A Z Pinano, T M Gulick,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... Communication, 199 9a USDOL/OSHA, 29 CFR 191 0.134, Respiratory Protection, 199 9b USDOL/OSHA, 29 CFR 191 0.1025, Lead, 199 9c USDOL/OSHA, 29 CFR 191 0.1027, Cadmium, 199 9d USDOL/OSHA, 29 CFR 191 0.1028, ... studies of, 197 - 199 clinical detection of, 195 5 197 immune reactions and disorders: allergic reactions, 194 autoimmunity, 195 immunosuppression, 194 4 195 immune response,biology of, 1 89. - 194 multiple-chemical ... series, 91 -94 platelets (thrombocytes), 92 -93 polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), 92 . -93 red blood cells (RBC): erythrocytes, 91 -92 oxygen transport: chemical impairment, 97 -99 hemoglobin, 95 . -96 ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20