6 research techniques in vascular imaging

... of Measuring Changes in Indices Monitoring Indices Over Time Power Estimation for Monitoring Programs Variability of Indices of Animal Abundance Sampling Requirements for Robust Monitoring Programs ... Classifications of Behavioral Interactions Methods for Behavioral Measurement Identifying the Individual Sampling and Recording Rules Ad Libitum Sampling Focal Sampling Time Sampling Techniques for Behavioral ... leave the remaining 99 percent of our time to getting on with mouse trapping, bird netting, computer modeling, or whatever we think important A note of warning here: None of the following discussion...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:57

... of Measuring Changes in Indices Monitoring Indices Over Time Power Estimation for Monitoring Programs Variability of Indices of Animal Abundance Sampling Requirements for Robust Monitoring Programs ... Classifications of Behavioral Interactions Methods for Behavioral Measurement Identifying the Individual Sampling and Recording Rules Ad Libitum Sampling Focal Sampling Time Sampling Techniques for Behavioral ... Experimental Manipulations The Role of Foraging Theory in Understanding Food Habits Lessons Sample Resolution and Information Obtained Improving Sample Resolution and Information Content Literature Cited...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... resulting p-values We spend more of our time instructing students on the mechanics of statistical hypothesis testing than we instructing them on how to think about ecological issues I make four points ... method of multiple working hypotheses to the ultimate multifactorial, holistic world view, which states that all factors are involved in everything Many factors may indeed be involved, but you will ... 1996) The scale of the difficulty in achieving medium-term predictions can be seen by work on the spotted owl in Hypothesis Testing in Ecology Oregon and Washington (Bart and Forsman 1992; Carey...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... banding, collaring, wing tagging, harnessing, gluing, tying, suturing, clamping, and implanting (Kenward 1987; Samuel and Fuller 1994) Since the earliest uses of radiomarking in birds, it has ... articles surveyed included information directly pertaining to potential marking effects Some authors attempted to minimize marker effects by allowing postmarking recovery to take place in captivity ... available marking techniques (excluding marking with radiotransmitters) and generally reviewed marking techniques for vertebrates (excluding fish) Samuel and Fuller (1994) provided similar information...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... maintain home ranges: The benefits of maintaining a home range exceed the costs Let CD be the daily costs for an animal, excluding the costs, CR , of monitoring, maintaining, defending, developing, ... foraging models for stochastic environments: Are we missing the point? Comments Theoretical Biology 1: 129–158 Erlinge, S 1977 Spacing strategy in stoat Mustela erminea Oikos 28: 32–42 Erlinge, ... understanding spacing behavior and home range variation in many species Using economic models is a good approach to understanding limiting conditions for territoriality as long as the limiting resources...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... data obtained by triangulation have inherent associated errors Intuitively, and as shown in computer simulations by White and Garrott (1986), errors in determining habitat use increase with increased ... obtaining resources and not getting killed; however, one could also legitimately contend that the disperser was simply exhibiting avoidance of conspecifics, and used whatever cues, including markings, ... certain habitat type, defined by a dominant cover type, whereas in reality it selected for certain specific kinds of sites that just happened to occur more commonly in that cover type than in others...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... confluentus Salvelinus confluentus Salvelinus confluentus Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus namaycush ... as indirect indices (e.g., singing birds per standard listening interval, overall sound volume produced by insect aggregations, howling frequency by packs of wild canids, or calling intensity in ... trends in populations are fixed and linear This is appropriate in certain situations, such as declining endangered species or increasing introduced species, whose populations often follow deterministic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... the system response that again is evaluated by monitoring And the process of perpetual modeling, manipulating, monitoring, evaluating, and revising the model continues indefinitely Given the complexity ... capstone course in my undergraduate training at Iowa State University in 1972 was a course in wildlife techniques; principles were presumed to have emerged from lower-level courses in animal and ... models in ecology was outlined by Italian mathematician Vito Volterra (1926), who held the Chair of Mathematical Physics in Rome (Kingsland 1985) Volterra’s interest in predator–prey interactions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... a declining population Most populations for which we are concerned about extinction probabilities have suffered a serious decline in numbers The genotypes remaining after a severe decline are ... is still included in the model 299 300 GARY C WHITE mals probably result in increased reproduction and survival, whereas bad years result in poor reproduction and high mortality Including a negative ... before the decline Of course, this argument assumes that the processes causing the decline remain in effect, so that the same natural selection forces continue to operate To illustrate individual...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... recorded during social interactions In this we explore interactions during grooming and dominance In the fourth section we explore methods used for gathering data on social interaction and then, in the ... arranged in a straightforward dominance hierarchy Our own work with badgers revealed some of the complexities of elucidating and interpreting the dominance concept We were interested in feeding interactions ... continuous focal sampling of all individuals in a group might be the most accurate and informative combination of sampling and recording, but circumstances may render this combination unattainable...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... to classify land in homogeneous categories In other words, species-specific habitat mapping is increasingly incorporating independent environmental databases processed using information on the ... Sensing 54: 1415–1421 Modeling Species Distribution with GIS Skidmore, A K and B J Turner 1992 Assessing map accuracy using line intersect sampling Photographic Engineering and Remote Sensing ... terrain model Photographic Engineering and Remote Sensing 55: 1449–1464 Skidmore, A K 1989b Unsupervised training area selection in forests using a nonparametric distance measure and spatial information...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... IMAGING AND RADIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS AND CUTTING EDGE APPLICATIONS Edited by Faycal Kharfi Imaging and Radioanalytical Techniques in Interdisciplinary ... thin (3/8th) depending on the intended application It is available in solo or in combination with a scanner The Infinia Hawkeye SPECT/CT from GE 17 18 Imaging and Radioanalytical Techniques in ... that has its place in medical imaging 11 12 Imaging and Radioanalytical Techniques in Interdisciplinary Research - Fundamentals and Cutting Edge Applications Figure Different kinds of collimators...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... making a purchasing decision The insight gained from perceptual mapping and conjoint analysis can be a valuable asset in marketing decision making These techniques can help you gain insight into ... Although rankings are used in this example, preference ratings are frequently used in conjoint analysis Invoking the Application With the data in the SAS data set, SASUSER.TIRES, you can invoke the ... refueling or breaking down, the better MR-2010A — Marketing Research: Uncovering Competitive Advantages 33 Figure Preference Mapping, Ideal Point Model The PREFMAP Ideal Point Model The ideal point...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... Computational Intelligence in Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications Computational Intelligence in Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications Edited by Gerald Schaefer Aboul Ella Hassanien Jianmin ... MSc from China University of Mining and Technology in 1984; and his PhD from the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom in 1994 His research interests include image/video processing in compressed ... human brains It contains a large number of highly interconnected processing neurons working together in a distributed manner to learn from the input information, to coordinate internal processing,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/04/2014, 09:47

... Amplitude Modulation Single Input Multiple Output Single Input Single Output Spatial Multiplexing Signal To Noise Ratio 126 STBC TACS TDD UPA ZF Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX Space-Time ... MIMO Wireless Systems Cheng-Ming Chen and Pang-An Ting Information and Communication Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan Introduction Hybrid automatic ... approach is to combine the retransmitted and initial signals using symbol level combining (SLC) before the detector However, the required buffer in SLC occupies large memory in receivers Moreover,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... on Advances in Signal Processing 20 40 20 Range bin Range bin Range bin 20 40 60 60 50 100 150 200 Doppler bin 60 50 250 (a) 250 50 60 40 60 100 150 200 Doppler bin 250 250 20 Range bin 40 100 ... Range bin Range bin 20 40 60 60 50 100 150 200 Doppler bin 250 50 100 150 200 Doppler bin (a) 60 40 60 100 150 200 Doppler bin 250 250 20 Range bin 40 100 150 200 Doppler bin (c) 20 Range bin Range ... the nonlinear time varying property of the signal has not been characterized Figure 2(d) is obtained by ISAR IMAGING OF MANEUVERING TARGETS BASED ON MACD When the target has a maneuvering movement,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... touching the processing cell, plus the processing cell in the middle As an interesting aside, the first step of a focal function uses only three neighboring cells because cell (1,1) sits in a ... applications are not in terrain modeling but that the surfaces are intended to allow estimates of any kind of continuous variable, such as pollution, crime or mineral resources All model-based interpolation ... terrain Second, it makes it easy to calculate volumes of irregularly shaped bodies – a task of particular pertinence in civil engineering A C G B D F E Figure 48 Construction of a TIN TINs and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... generalized domain modeling method to model active domains in view of an ongoing attempt to achieve integrated domain ontologies underlying the many viewpoints in conceptual modeling In this chapter, ... engineering, and means have to be provided to maintain method-engineering knowledge in a pragmatic-oriented way in order to also focus on method users’ activities (in addition to the method engineers’ ... whose aim is to help in building new development methodologies starting from existing ones (instead of building them from scratch; Brinkkemper et al., 1998; Ralyté, 2001) In this kind of approaches,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... haematoma showing slow resolution Figure 7.13 Fuchsin nail staining—Castellani’s paint Nail colour changes (chromonychia) Figure 7.14 Brown staining due to henna Figure 7.15 Silver nitrate staining 189 ... keratin, are subject to genetic influences; changes in these are exhibited in the form of hereditary disease FURTHER READING Finlay AY, Frost P, Keith AD et al An assessment of factors influencing ... protein chains to form the keratin fibrils Keratin structure can also be changed in genetic disorders such as dyskeratosis congenita, in which the nail plate is completely absent or reduced to thin,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20