4 2 methods for environmental valuation

... 10 11 12 10 11 12 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 n = 48 STATION 6 .29 6.11 5.66 5.16 4. 75 6.79 4. 51 1.37 4. 95 5 .22 5.73 6. 72 7 . 42 7.56 6.13 6. 24 5.07 1.95 4. 59 5 .22 5.13 5.69 6 .41 7.53 7. 02 6.93 ... 10 11 12 48 S~ATIOW 6. 32 6.08 5.16 1.17 1.13 3.65 3 .48 3.78 3. 94 4 .40 4. 94 5. 32 5. 82 5.76 4. 88 4. 84 4.87 4. 13 3.51 1. 32 1.06 1 .47 5.05 5 .20 5.83 5.65 5. 32 5.33 4. 20 3.85 1 .45 STIT~OU WUlBfR OF ... 1. 645 Hence, , C = 1. 645 [VAR(S)]'" = 1. 645 [58.IJ1" = 12. 54 where the value for VAR(S) was obtained fmm Example 16.3 Since N' = 24 , we have M, = ( 24 12. 54) /2 = 5.73 and M2 I = ( 24 + 12. 54) 12...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... (10) (11) © 20 06 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC C019_0 04_ r03.indd 11 24 11/18 /20 05 1:30:56 PM 1 125 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1.0 0.6 0.8 F(X) 0.6 0 .4 0 .4 0 .2 0.0 –3 2 –1 X(σ ... frequency for samples from that population Flower color Red Number of plants Pink White expected 25 50 25 observed 28 48 24 © 20 06 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC C019_0 04_ r03.indd 1 127 11/18 /20 05 ... variables to predict the variable of interest The formula for three variables is r1 .23 ϭ 2 r 12 ϩ r13 Ϫ 2r 12 r13r23 1Ϫ r23 ( 32) Generalizations are available for larger numbers of variables If the variables...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... , C2 and C2 C z dz = z3 − C1 z− + √ C2 z− C3 z− + = 2 + 2 + 2 z− √ √ √ z− z− z √ dz e 2 /3 z − e− 2 /3 z √ √ dz 2 /3 z − 9e z − e− 2 /3 z √ √ dz z − e 2 /3 z − e− 2 /3 z− 9 √ z e 2 /3 ... C2 -4 -6 C C1 -2 C3 -2 -4 Figure 11 .4: The contours for z z −9 the Cauchy Integral Formula to evaluate the integral C d sin z sin z dz = 2 − 4) dz z − z=0 cos z sin z = 2 − z − (z − 4) 2 ... continuously deformed to C2 on the domain where the integrand is analytic Thus the integrals have the same value 5 14 -4 -2 -2 -4 Figure 11 .2: The contours and the singularities of 3z +1 -6 -4 -2 -2 -4 -6...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... + x + x2 /2 + O(x3 ))(x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + O(x4 )) = (2a2 x + 6a3 x2 ) + (2x + 4a2 x2 ) + (6x + 6(1 + a2 )x2 ) = O(x3 ) = 17 a2 = 4, a3 = 17 y1 = x − 4x2 + x3 + O(x4 ) Now we see if the second ... yields z= t dz = − dt t d d = −t2 dz dt w + d2 d d = −t2 −t2 dz dt dt d d = t4 + 2t3 dt dt 1 24 0 The equation for u is then t4 u + 2t3 u + (2t + 3t2 )(−t2 )u + t2 u = u + −3u + u = t We see that ... − a0 (2n)(2n − 2) · · · · a0 = (−1)n n , n≥0 m=1 2m = (−1)n a2n−1 2n + a2n−3 = (2n + 1)(2n − 1) a2n+1 = − a1 (2n + 1)(2n − 1) · · · · a1 = (−1)n n , n≥0 m=1 (2m + 1) = (−1)n If {w1 , w2 } is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... figuring out budgets are all good practice for life after graduation -> grow into adulthood - A better perspective on what is going on around them 22 You have been told that dormitory rooms at ... that going to classes should be optional for students Which point of view you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer TOEFL 14 - Why should attend the class? - Personal ... to absorb information and apply what they’ve learned to other situations - Teach them how to work with the other members of the class - Teach students responsibility and discipline 20 Some people...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 15:20

... 190 .41 Total 21 8 .28 46 Proposed land use – 20 01 Use Area in km Residential 66. 72 Commercial 4. 18 Industrial 18.37 Educational 6.31 Public and semi pub 1 .48 Agricultural 121 .19 Total 21 8 .28 As ... = 28 C1 C2 C3 C C5 C6 C7 C8 1§ 0 0.6 0.1 0 .2 0 .4 0.8 0.1 · ¨ ¸ 2 0 0 0 0 ¸ 3¨ 0 0 0 0 ¸ ¨ ¸ 4 0 0 0 0 ¸ 5¨ 0 0 0.1 0 .2 0.1 ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ 0.1 0 0 .2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0 .2 ¸ ¨ 0 .2 0.1 0 0.1 0.3 0 .2 ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ... 0 .2 ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ 0.3 0.3 0 0 .2 0.6 0.1 ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ 0.5 0 0 0.5 0 .4 0.1 ¸ 10 ¨ 0.1 0.3 0 0.7 0 .2 ¸ ¨ ¸ 11 ¨ 0 0 0 0.6 ¸ 12 ¨ 0 0 0 0 ¸ ¨ ¸ 13 ¨ 0 0 .2 0 0.8 ¸ 14 ¨ 0 0 0.3 0 .2 0.6 0 .2 ¸ ¨ ¸ 15 ¨ 0 0 0 0 ¸...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... study findings 21 1 21 2 21 3 21 3 21 3 21 5 21 5 21 5 21 6 21 8 21 8 21 9 22 3 2 24 2 24 2 24 22 6 22 7 22 7 22 7 22 8 23 0 23 0 23 1 23 1 23 1 23 2 23 3 2 34 23 5 23 6 23 7 23 8 23 9 23 9 24 0 24 1 24 1 24 2 24 2 24 3 24 5 Contents of ... 121 3 121 3 121 3 12 14 12 14 12 14 121 5 121 5 121 6 121 6 121 6 121 7 121 7 121 7 121 7 121 8 121 9 121 9 121 9 121 9 122 0 122 1 122 1 122 2 122 2 122 2 122 3 122 3 122 3 12 24 12 24 122 5 122 5 122 5 122 6 122 6 122 6 122 7 122 7 ... 122 8 122 8 122 8 122 9 122 9 123 0 123 0 123 0 123 0 123 1 123 1 123 1 123 2 123 2 123 2 123 3 123 3 12 34 12 34 123 5 123 5 123 5 123 5 123 6 123 6 123 6 123 7 123 8 123 8 123 9 1 24 0 1 24 1 1 24 2 1 24 2 1 24 3 1 24 3 1 24 3 1 24 3 1 24 4 ...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... necessarily the best format for dissemination of documents Formats for electronic documents and images - Portable document format (pdf) – page When to use PDF? Portable Document Format (PDF) is a ... format to use for its dissemination… The best format for document delivery depends on what you’re doing with the document To create and edit a document, Microsoft Word can be an appropriate format ... objects Formats for electronic documents and images - Portable document format (pdf) – page Summary • PDF (Portable Document Format ) is a procedural mark-up language that allows page-formatted...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... Ågerstrand et al Environmental Sciences Europe 20 11, 23 :17 http://www.enveurope.com/content /23 /1/17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 European and Global Challenges Edited ... Toxicology 20 02, 60 :28 5 -29 9 Mattson B: A voluntary environmental classification system for pharmaceutical substances Drug Information Journal 20 07, 41 (2) :187-191 Ågerstrand M, Rudén C: Evaluation ... Toxicology 20 02, 43 :22 9 -23 5 Robinson AA, Belden JB, Lydy MJ: Toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic organisms Environmental toxicology and Chemistry 20 05, 24 ( 2) : 42 3 -43 0 Schmitt-Jansen...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... 0.1880 0.0313 0 .2 847 0.0781 0. 341 3 0.1357 0 . 42 14 0 .21 68 0 .46 34 l=1 0 .45 87 0 .48 02 0 .48 32 0.50 34 0 .49 95 0 .49 78 Table 3: Bit error rate (BER) values of the extracted watermarks obtained for other types ... Comp 0. 120 2 Salt-and-pepper noise Actual PSNR Quality Assessment (QF) (dB) MSE 45 .97 2. 0 025 ×10−5 45 .35 5. 146 0 ×10 4 32. 89 98% 44 .41 0.00 14 28 .69 95% 41 .53 0.0101 19.95 90% 38.83 0. 026 7 15. 74 80% ... 15. 74 80% 35. 94 0.0 641 11.93 70% 34. 41 0.0956 10.19 60% 33. 34 0.1061 9. 74 50% 32. 56 0. 122 7 9.11 w mag (i) − , Nw i=1 given by 26 7, 26 8, 28 3, 2 84, 29 9, 300, 315, 316, 331, and 3 32, exactly match...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... by elimination: (a) 3x ϩ 2y ϭ xϩ yϭ3 (c) 2x ϩ 7y ϭ 4x ϩ 3y ϭ 17 (d) 6x ϩ 6y ϭ 27 4x ϩ 5y ϭ 22 2 .4 (b) 5x ϩ 3y ϭ 19 2x Ϫ y ϭ (e) 3x Ϫ 2y ϭ x ϩ 4y ϭ 26 (f) 12x ϩ 4y ϭ 2x Ϫ y ϭ Following a crash, ... chartered) 120 100 80 Cargo 60 Passenger 40 20 0 20 40 60 x (Lotkas chartered) 80 100 80 100 Figure 2. 22 The feasible region in Example 2. 23 y (Soodnas chartered) 120 100 80 60 40 A 20 0 20 40 60 x ... Quantitative methods for business Cost/Revenue (£m) 48 Chapter 16 14 12 10 0 20 40 60 Output (000) 80 100 120 Figure 2. 11 Total cost and total revenue lines in Example 2. 11 In Figure 2. 11 the steeper...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 00:20

... 2 4. 11 5 2 4 4 4 Arrange these data into a frequency distribution The ages of 28 applicants for a graduate management trainee post are: 21 23 21 21 23 21 24 22 21 24 21 26 23 22 21 22 23 21 22 ... 6 .48 4. 90 4. 52 5.11 5. 94 5. 82 7. 14 7 .28 8.15 7. 04 4.67 6.90 5.85 5.65 5.50 4. 12 5 .27 5 .25 6 .43 4. 65 5.37 4. 24 6 .45 4. 70 5.09 4. 82 6 .23 5 .40 5 .26 Construct a grouped frequency distribution for ... 35 53 72 50 70 49 58 35 62 47 55 87 54 38 64 39 44 67 44 79 70 40 67 57 64 85 63 34 52 89 59 38 The marks for the staff from Southampton were: 51 85 29 4. 20 65 78 49 74 75 68 24 46 81 45 28 66...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 00:20

... partial differential equations 140 Figure 2. 9 The bifurcation plot of N(500) versus r; see text for details 120 N(500) 100 80 60 40 20 1 .2 1 .4 1.6 1.8 r 2. 2 2 .4 2. 6 2. 8 How we understand what is ... 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time, t (d) 150 150 Population size, N (t ) Population size, N (t ) 50 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time, t (c) 100 50 0 100 50 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time, t (e) 10 20 ... Expected reproductive success 120 30 Size (cm) 25 20 15 10 0 10 15 Age (yr) 20 25 30 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 15 Age (yr) 20 25 Figure 2. 2 (a) von Bertalanffy growth for an organism with asymptotic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... size 143 40 30 40 30 20 20 10 10 0 50 100 150 Generation 20 0 25 0 300 0 50 100 150 Generation 20 0 25 0 300 (c) 70 60 Population size 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 100 150 Generation 20 0 25 0 300 Figure 4. 7 ... 0 10 15 Generation 20 25 30 10 15 Generation 20 25 30 (c) 160 Hosts Population size 140 120 100 80 Parasitoids 60 40 20 0 10 15 Generation 20 25 30 Figure 4. 6 Allowing for variation in the attack ... 141 1 42 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids (a) (b) 70 50 45 Hosts 60 35 Population size Population size 40 30 25 20 15 40 30 Parasitoids 20 10 10 Parasitoids Hosts 50 0 10 15 Generation 20 ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... |a · b| 44 The area of the quadrilateral is then, 1 1 |(3i + j) · (i + 2j)| + |(i − 5j) · (−i − 4j)| = (5) + (19) = 12 2 2 y (3,7) (2, 3) (4, 2) (1,1) x Figure 2. 15: Quadrilateral Solution 2. 7 The ... b2 (−i) = (a2 b3 − a3 b2 )i − (a1 b3 − a3 b1 )j + (a1 b2 − a2 b1 )k Next we evaluate the determinant i j k a a a a a a a1 a2 a3 = i − j + k b2 b3 b1 b3 b1 b2 b1 b2 b3 = (a2 b3 − a3 b2 )i − (a1 ... + a2 j + a3 k) × (b1 i + b2 j + b3 k) = a1 i × (b1 i + b2 j + b3 k) + a2 j × (b1 i + b2 j + b3 k) + a3 k × (b1 i + b2 j + b3 k) = a1 b2 k + a1 b3 (−j) + a2 b1 (−k) + a2 b3 i + a3 b1 j + a3 b2...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... − sin2 x = lim x→0 24 cos2 x − 8x2 cos2 x − 64x cos x sin x − 24 sin2 x + 8x2 sin2 x = = lim It is easier to use a Taylor series expansion lim csc2 x − x→0 x2 x2 − sin2 x x→0 x2 sin2 x x2 − (x ... x→0 2x cos x sin x + 2x sin2 x − cos2 x + sin2 x = lim x→0 2x cos2 x + 8x cos x sin x + sin2 x − 2x2 sin2 x cos x sin x = lim x→0 12x cos2 x + 12 cos x sin x − 8x2 cos x sin x − 12x sin2 x cos2 ... , (2y(x) − x)3 105 Solution 3.15 a f (x) = ( 12 − 2x )2 + 2x( 12 − 2x)( 2) = 4( x − 6 )2 + 8x(x − 6) = 12( x − 2) (x − 6) There are critical points at x = and x = f (x) = 12( x − 2) + 12( x − 6) = 24 ( x...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... are ux = vy and uy = −vx −(x − 1) + y −(x − 1 )2 + y 2( x − 1)y 2( x − 1)y = and = ((x − 1 )2 + y )2 ((x − 1 )2 + y )2 ((x − 1 )2 + y )2 ((x − 1 )2 + y )2 2 The Cauchy-Riemann equations are each identities ... satisfied for z = Note that the form fx = −ıfy will be far more convenient than the form ux = v y , uy = −vx 40 4 for this problem fx = 4( x + ıy)−5 e−(x+ıy) −ıfy = − 4( x + ıy)−5 ı e−(x+ıy) 4 4 = 4( x ... lim = lim z→0 cos (z ) =1 379 − 4z sin (z ) lim z→(nπ)1 /2 z − (nπ)1 /2 = lim 2) 1 /2 2z cos (z ) sin (z z→(nπ) = 1 /2 (−1)n 2( nπ) Example 8 .4. 4 e1/z is singular at z = The function is not analytic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... function Recall that for analytic functions f , f = fx = −ıfy So that fx + ıfy = 2 2 + = ∂u2 ∂v dw dz −1 dw dz 2 2 dw + = 2 ∂u ∂v dz −1 2 2 2 + ∂x2 ∂y 2 2 + ∂x2 ∂y Solution 8.16 ... analytic 42 3 We calculate the first partial derivatives of u and v u x = ex −y uy = 2 e (x cos(2xy) − y sin(2xy)) x2 −y (y cos(2xy) + x sin(2xy)) vx = e x2 −y (y cos(2xy) + x sin(2xy)) vy = e x2 −y ... velocity field v= v= φ 2x(x + y − 1) 2y(x2 + y + 1) ˆ ˆ x+ y x4 + 2x2 (y − 1) + (y + 1 )2 x + 2x2 (y − 1) + (y + 1 )2 43 1 Figure 8.9: Velocity field and velocity direction field for φ = ln r − θ The...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... θ0 + π] z2 − dz ≤ z2 + z2 − |dz| C z +1 θ0 +π R2 e 2 −1 ≤ |R dθ| R2 e 2 +1 θ0 θ0 +π R2 + dθ R2 − θ0 R2 + = πr R −1 ≤R 49 0 Solution 10.6 f (z) dz = C √ π eıθ /2 ı eıθ dθ + r dr + 2 = + − −ı ... of the integral z = eıθ , θ ∈ [−π /2 π /2] 48 9 Log z dz ≤ |Log z| |dz| C C π /2 | ln + ıθ |2 dθ = −π /2 π /2 (ln + |θ|) dθ 2 −π /2 π /2 =4 (ln + θ) dθ π (π + ln 2) = We parameterize the contour and ... 2 ) 2 eınθ ı eıθ dθ (z − z0 )n dz = C =   2 eı(n+1)θ n+1 [ıθ ]2 for n = −1 = for n = −1 2 for n = −1 for n = −1 We parameterize the contour and the integration z − z0 = 2 + eıθ , 2 ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21