4plastics manufacturing and life cycle assessment lca

... [10] ISO Standards, 2006 ISO 14040: Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework [11] ISO Standards, 2006 ISO 14044: Environmental management – Life cycle assessment ... E and Huppes, G., 2009 Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of bioethanol from sugarcane in Brazil Renew Sust Energ Rev;13 (6-7): 1613-1619 [24] Yee, K F., Tan, K T., Abdullah, A Z., and ... interest in understanding comprehensively the environmental costs and benefits of biomass use is increasing and for this reason several studies based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach have...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... LCA LCA LCA LCA 2011 4823 LCA I G O s LCA NGOs Pellston ISOLCA SETAC70 LCA 50 31 LCALCA 18 LCA LCA LCA Web 2.0 LCI LCA ... the Life Cycle Management Business Guide to Sustainability and the Guidelines on Social LCA Promoting the powerful and flexible tool of Life Cycle Assessment and the holistic concept of Life Cycle ... (European Commission) Acronym Full Explanation LCA life cycle assessment LCC life cycle costing LCI life cycle inventory analysis LCIA life cycle impact assessment NACE Nomenclature Gộnộrale des Activitộs...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 23:20

... 11 1.2 Life cycle assessment- general 1.2.1 Introduction Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method to assess the potential environmental impacts and resources used throughout a product’s life from ... Inventory analysis Interpretation Impact assessment Figure A Life Cycle Assessment consists of four phases 1.2.2 Allocation and system expansion Life Cycle Assessment is one example of an environmental ... required and natural science alone is thus not enough There are two different types of LCA, accounting or attributional LCA and consequential or effect-oriented LCA (see e.g Baumann and Tillman,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... of a life- cycle assessment (LCA) A full LCA is an analytical framework for understanding the material inputs, energy inputs, and environmental releases associated with manufacturing, using, and ... see section 6.5 and Exhibits 6-7 and 6-8 ES-16 ES.7 OTHER LIFE- CYCLE GHG ANALYSES AND TOOLS Life- cycle analysis is being used increasingly to quantify the GHG impacts of private and public sector ... link to Tools • Recycled Content (ReCon) Tool was created by EPA to help companies and individuals estimate life- cycle GHG emissions and energy impacts from purchasing and/ or manufacturing materials...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... ha) and 50% underpermanentcrops and pastures(includingabandonedcropland and landnotyet cultivated),24%forestarea, and 10%undersettlement(other:21%).Highpopulation growth and ... estimationswerenamedbyGasparatosetal.(2012)asamajorerrorsourceinLCAs. Achtenetal.(2012)criticizedtheabsenceofcarbonstockchangesinbiomass and soil inmost LCA calculations,althoughbioenergyͲinducedlandͲuse and landͲcoverchanges ... suitabilityofsuchlandforJ.curcasproductionforsocial,environmental and economic reasons, however, remains to be investigated (Dauber et al. 2012). Life cycle assessment (LCA) isacommontooltoevaluateenvironmentalsustainabilityofbiofuel...

Ngày tải lên: 19/11/2015, 16:41

... 58.91 2.12 13,878.58 Life cycle assessment An LCA is performed to evaluate the life- cycle energy usage and GHG emissions from electricity generation from a SPV system A life time 20 years is ... Martinez-Bejar, Urbina A, Life cycle assessment study of a 4.2 kWp stand alone photovoltaic system, Solar enrgy 2009;83:1434-45 [2] Kannan R, Leong KC, Osman R, Ho HK, Tso CP, Life Cycle assessment study ... total PV system life Compilation of the life cycle energy It is an inventory of the energy inputs The life cycle energy requirements should be considered initially as thermal and electrical energy...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... geo-cytotypes The observed differences in life cycle characteristics reflect the moncarpic life cycle of the diploid and the polycarpic life cycle of the tetraploid [21], and are likely important in plant ... 0.8 80 a 0.6 60 0.4 40 0.2 20 b b Figure Plant performance and life- cycle traits of C stoebe geo-cytotypes Plant performance and life- cycle traits of C stoebe geo-cytotypes C stoebe plants were ... 5.75, and 2.8 for the 4× US, 4× EU, and 2× EU, respectively; Figure 1D), number of capitula per rosette (14.6, 18.6, and 15.7 for the 4× US, 4× EU, and 2× EU, respectively; Figure 1C), and 30...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... 2- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 2.1- Khái niệm: LCA - life cycle assessment, hay gọi life cycle analysis, life cycle inventory, ecobalance, cradle-to-grave-analysis, ... Bioethanol PHAN THỊ DẠ THẢO Life cycle assessment of Bioethanol PHAN THỊ DẠ THẢO * Sản xuất ethanol Life cycle assessment of Bioethanol PHAN THỊ DẠ THẢO * Sản phẩm phụ: Life cycle assessment of Bioethanol ... cần lưu ý xây dựng LCA: - Tất liệu dùng cho mô phải thu thập thời gian - Kết phải xác định phải có xu hướng định Life cycle assessment of Bioethanol PHAN THỊ DẠ THẢO Life cycle assessment of Bioethanol...

Ngày tải lên: 15/11/2014, 08:32

... outstanding business activities, risks and issues; a set of actions to hand over project deliverables and documentation, terminate supplier agreements, release resources to the business and inform ... project management life cycle You are now ready to collate all of the materials listed in this section and create your project closure report The next step in the project life cycle is to complete ... project office 7, 49–52 checklist and details 7, 49 equipment: office and communications 50 premises 50 services 52 staff: roles and job descriptions 50 standards and processes 51 templates 51–52...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 11:20

... Workloads Are Less Predictable in Both Early -Life and Late -Life Periods 5.24 Cargo Aircraft PDM Workloads Are Also Less Predictable in Both Early -Life and Late -Life Periods 5.25 The Linear Equation ... of the design -life limits introduced by the original design and manufacturing processes, total workloads and material consumption must ultimately decelerate If so, early- and mid -life growth may ... future maintenance and modification workloads and material consumption, and their associated costs To answer the questions, we examined life- cycle patterns for the following workload and cost-growth...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 11:20

... NcoI and SpeI at 37 °C for 1.5 h and was analysed on a 2% agarose gel The purified DNA fragment was used as standard Total RNA was isolated from cells of the different stages in the life cycle, and ... excystment and were then transferred to 30 °C After days at 30 °C the plates became confluent and were harvested for SSH and real-time PCR RNA isolation To isolate total RNA, amoebae and macroplasmodia ... oligo(dT)25 and 25 lg total RNA and was eluted in 15 lL Tris ⁄ HCl (10 mm, pH 7.5) The eluted mRNA was immediately used for the first-strand cDNA synthesis cDNA synthesis First-strand synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... suppliers and outsourcing 2 Defining the terms What is a value chain? What is life cycle management? What is life cycle assessment? What is social life cycle assessment? What is life cycle costing? ... product’s life cycle – from raw material acquisition through production, What is social life cycle assessment? use, end-of -life treatment, recycling and final A social life cycle assessment (S -LCA) ... thinking and life cycle approaches, The UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative aims suppliers, customers and value-chain partners to promote life cycle thinking globally and and by sponsors and partners...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries Main Report ii Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Acknowledgements ... Steam Generation in the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries 11 Steam Use in the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries ... Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries ix x Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Abstract This report assesses steam generation and use in the pulp and paper,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... in Table 4.4 and life cycle inventory underlying LCIA in Table 0.1 © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Integrating External Effects into Life Cycle Costing ... assessment (SLCA) and even to combine SLCA with environmental LCA (O’Brian et al 1996), though the technique remains, at present, immature However, SIA is more developed In a recent handbook on ... of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Integrating External Effects into Life Cycle Costing 65 TABLE 4.1 General economic impacts and material well being and their relevance for LCC...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... in both organic and inorganic molecules They are highly reactive, and, therefore, highly unstable and short-lived For example, the half -life (T1/2) for the peroxyl radical (ROO·) and hydroxyl radical ... be having adverse effects on wildlife, including birds and mammals, and on humans by disrupting the endocrine system Some of the effects include reproductive and developmental abnormalities, ... certain hormone-related cancers, including breast, testis, and prostate cancers, and decreases in wildlife populations For example, Fry and Toone14 reported that DDT caused reproductive failure...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... plausible.”7 Some assessments apply such an approach in a very logical and effective manner, e.g., the early assessments for tributyltin effects in coastal waters.8,9 Although these and many other ... the resistance to abandon a theory despite clear evidence refuting it Theory tenacity is prevalent throughout all sciences and science-based endeavors, and ecological risk assessment is no exception ... impossible to be determined The very choppers and travellers have stood upon its prostrate trunk and speculated … I stooped and read its years to them (127 at nine and a half feet), but they heard me as...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... are excellent, and the variations of dissipation factor, dielectric constant, and dielectric strength with temperature and frequency are given in Figs 2.12 and 2.13 The surface and volume resistivities ... Thermosets, Reinforced Plastics, and Composites Thermosets, Reinforced Plastics, and Composites 135 common with the filaments combined into strands, and the strands plied into yarns These yarns ... thermal, and chemical properties These important property values enable the product designer, manufacturing engineer, and research and design engineer to select from a wide choice of products, and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... reduced and in the male group the severe attempt rates are reduced Second, we compared the reduced risk for repeated and severe suicide attempts during the life cycle between suicide victims and ... Committee, 1985 and 2003 Statistics A Poisson regression was used for comparisons between the age groups for 5-year intervals for suicide victims and controls by gender and between suicides and controls ... than controls and women repeat attempts more often than men and also more often make severe attempts Repetition and severity not appear to discriminate between suicide victims and controls for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20