... is the mass ofthe gas in the bulb; cpg , the specific heat ofthe gas; mw , the mass ofthe wall ofthe bulb; cpw , the specific heat ofthe wall; hf , the heat transfer coefficient between the ... version of discrete systems, andthe accuracy ofthe solution can be controlled by changing the number of unknowns and elements The Fundamentals oftheFiniteElement Method for Heat and Fluid ... chapters ofthe book deal with the essential fundamentals of both the heat conduction andthe finite element method The first chapter deals with the fundamentals of energy balance andthe standard...
... deformed in the grinding action The workpiece has a length of 2.3 mm, and a height of 0.036 mm The length ofthe workpiece is chosen to accommodate the groove made by the grit The groove on the workpiece ... larger elements Two middle layers have 720 elements each, while the last two contain 360 elements each The lengths of elements in these layers are correspondingly 3.2 and 6.4 µm The height of elements ... the workpiece The wave formation moves along the surface ahead ofthe grit The workpiece material is predicted to fail at elements, which locates directly under the grit and at the start of the...
... subject-specific modelof human skull and brain (Model 1) segmented from CT and MRI data by Mimics The meshed model on the right shows the mid-sagittal view ofthe skull and CSF except the brain (B) ... allow the assessment ofthe injurious effects of different loading conditions and enable the development of enhanced head injury and protective equipment through the reconstruction ofthe different ... that the each ofthe NDT markers consists of a cluster of several elements in which the elemental average values ofthe strain data are collected (C) The bar chart shows the percentage of material...
... at standoff distance of 10 m) and impulsive blast loadings (5 to 10 kg TNT at standoff distance of m) In addition, the response ofthe panels due to multiple blasts was also investigated In the ... properties ofthe hybridfiber ECC can be incorporated into the FE models so that realistic timedependent behaviors ofthe material can be simulated The application ofthe LS-DYNA FE models to predict the ... in the Eulerian modelofthe concrete target Figure 5.1 Drop-weight hammer xx List of Figures Figure 5.2 Location of steel bars support Figure 5.3 FE modelofthe 100 mm thick SRHFECC panel and...
... However, themodel was built with the assumption of axis-symmetry ofthe spine and did not include the posterior elements which are an integral part ofthe spine anatomy Therefore these two models ... ligaments and other soft tissue Many research efforts have been devoted into FE modeling ofthe lumbar motion segment 2.2.1 Previous finiteelement models The first finiteelement analysis of a spinal ... on the fundamentals of spine anatomy which is important to the understanding ofthe subsequently presented works Literature reviews on thefiniteelement modeling ofthe lumbar motion segment and...
... fluid, and therefore the fluid pressure The smaller flow area, the higher velocity ofthe fluid The static pressure ofthe fluid drops as the square ofthe velocity increase and will reach the vapour ... engineers The PWS modelandthe Tulsa model differ only in the treatment ofthe two empirical, dimensionless parameters, K n and K td , which are the loss parameters for the nozzle andthe throat-diffuser, ... data it is referred to the thesis The analysis ofthe data followed themodelof Petrie, Wilson and Smart (PWS) This model is based on conservation of mass and energy, and is widely familiar...
... standard of Vietnam (TCVN 5942/95/B) [4, 9] The two reasons for this situation are the discharges of cattle waste into channels then to river andthe uses of fertilizer The concentrations of DO, ... mixed It uses a finite- difference solution ofthe advective-dispersive mass transport and reaction equations Themodel is intended for using as a water quality planning tool [5] The modeling procedure ... Water Quality Model (QUAL2E) is a comprehensive and versatile stream water quality model It can simulate up to 15 water quality constituents in any combination desired by the user Themodel is applicable...
... Project Limitations of Use The Council ofthe University of Southern Queensland, its Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, andthe staff ofthe University of Southern Queensland, not accept any ... is the sinking ofthe floating roof The floating roof overtopped by the liquid inside the tank andthe roof sunk To the worst case, the tank will catch fire due to the spark generated during the ... Jamming of roof seals due to (progressively increasing) out -of- roundness ofthe tank shell • Roof seals giving a gap as the result of out -of- roundness and/ or tilting ofthe roof • Loss of buoyancy of...
... Present, and Future ofthe Concept by A Ostenwalder, Y Pigneur, and C.L Tucci 1990s This surge coincidences with the advent ofthe Internet in the business world andthe steep rise ofthe NASDAQ ... process modeling, which is the activity of modeling processes [Aguilar-Savén 2004] and not business models Furthermore, in the domain of business process models, a multitude of tools and concepts ... business logic of a specific firm It is a description ofthe value a company offers to one or several segments of customers andofthe architecture ofthe firm and its network of partners for...
... change was calculated by the ratio ofthe intensity between the O-glycosylated Sp1 andthe whole Sp1 signals The ratio in the absence of both glutamine and azaserine was set as The same results were ... slightly increased, but then the mRNA levels of both SREBPs and their target genes became significantly elevated at and 12 h (Fig 4) Based on the fact that the increase in the mRNA of these genes was ... results imply the involvement ofthe O-glycosylation of Sp1 in the induction of SREBP-1a transcription by glutamine The gene expression of SREBP-1c, which represented less than 20% ofthe SREBP-1a...
... basis ofthe P2 -element; vertex functions 153 4.17 Nodal basis ofthe P2 -element; edge functions 153 4.18 Nodal basis ofthe P3 -element; vertex functions 154 4.19 Nodal basis ofthe P3 -element; ... part of modern engineering and science The most general and efficient tool for the numerical solution of PDEs is theFiniteelement method (FEM), which is based on the spatial subdivision ofthe ... reduce the size offiniteelement computations significantly The higher-order finiteelement methods, however, require a better knowledge ofthe underlying mathematics In particular, the understanding...
... Organization Quality of Life Group [16,17] for the development and adaptation of quality of life measures and was used for the development ofthe WHOQOL-OLD module [18,19] Regarding development of new measures ... important for testing the validity of existing models and measures, since most ofthe discussion tends to reflect only the academic point of view [13] Even though investigating the ageing process ... combination of classical psychometric theory and Rasch Analysis in the validation ofthe AAQ instrument in a Brazilian sample of older adults Methods Pilot study The pilot study followed the methodology...
... Organization Quality of Life Group [16,17] for the development and adaptation of quality of life measures and was used for the development ofthe WHOQOL-OLD module [18,19] Regarding development of new measures ... important for testing the validity of existing models and measures, since most ofthe discussion tends to reflect only the academic point of view [13] Even though investigating the ageing process ... combination of classical psychometric theory and Rasch Analysis in the validation ofthe AAQ instrument in a Brazilian sample of older adults Methods Pilot study The pilot study followed the methodology...
... carbon than the first leaves of either ofthe other types Subsequent differences between the carbon gain ofthe first leaves ofthe sun type andthe adaptive type reflected the interplay between increasing ... version ofthemodel considers only the carbon dynamics of alder trees Flows of water and nutrients are not considered Carbon uptake and flow between the plant organs are modelled by the use of various ... about 18 m high and 601 ALMIS: Tree growth modelof light acclimation Table I Empirical basis for the elementary units andthe functions of carbon dynamics [14-17, 21] and their mathematical realisation...
... an unitary stress of N distributed among the knots ofthe other ending, in the mental region (Figure 2) In view ofthe large number (270,000 to 305,000) offinite elements in the meshes generated, ... sagittal osteotomy ofthe mandibular ramus One ofthe splits was perpendicular to the mandibular ramus long axis, 13 mm from the mandibular incisure, another was parallel to the external oblique ... validated by a finiteelement numerical model) ; Thefiniteelement analysis method has been used in the last decades for study of biological structures such as bone In these cases, geometry ofthe structures...
... characterization of SAV3 5'- and 3'-ends The 5'- and 3'-ends of SAV3 were cloned and sequenced from the isolate SAVH20/03 and aligned to the 5'- and 3'-UTRs of other SAVs A) Alignment ofthe region in the ... the design ofthe project, discussion through the experimental period, and contributed to the writing ofthe manuscript Acknowledgements MK and AN are funded by the University of Bergen andthe ... overlapping areas off the coast of Ireland, Northern Ireland and Scotland In Norway a genetically homogeneous subtype, SAV3, is found to infect both Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout on the southwest...
... presentation ofthe bi-directional different ThetheThe schematic presentation ofthe bi-directional promoter andthe parts and directions ofthe promoter in different constructs , indicates the deleted ... described[17] Constructionof recombinant plasmids expressing CAT gene under the control of different promoters Constructionofthe bi-directional promoter was made by the use of a series of primers synthesized ... Analysing the structure ofthe bi-directional promoter (Figure 4), both ofthe Sp1 enhancers were in side of 1.8-kb mRNA, their enhance function may only act on the single side Materials and reagents...
... follow up Page of Several models exist to explain the influence of nonphysical factors on the development of chronicity and treatment resistance Amongst the more widely investigated is the fear-avoidance ... between 37% and 53% ofthe variance in PGIC with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 89% In this model higher post visit CSQ and FAB scores were associated with poor outcome at month (OR of 13.5 ... Elsevier [46] avoidance of activity and thus enter the cycle postulated in the fear-avoidance model Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organise and execute the actions required...
... around the door The total value ofthe leakage area will therefore depend on the length ofthe cracks (i.e on the size ofthe door and on the design and operation ofthe door) In general, doors enclosing ... between the lobby and staircase will be the sum of 1) the air supplied to the staircase by the supply duct, and 2) all the air that will flow into the staircase past the closed door from all the other ... Association The use of adhesive tape should not be relied upon for the long-term sealing of ducts The layout ofthe ductwork andthe sizing ofthe main duct or manifold andofthe branch ducts should...