210 chapter xxv—endoscopy in malignant disease of the larynx

... dihydrotestosterone in the gland The periurethral portion of the gland increases in size during puberty and after the age of 55 due to the growth of nonmalignant cells in the transition zone of the prostate ... gene have also been implicated in the variations in incidence The incidence of autopsy-detected cancers is similar around the world, while the incidence of clinical disease varies Thus, environmental ... survival in prospective randomized trials The paradox of management is that although the disease remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men, only man in with prostate cancer will die of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... based on the tempo of the illness as it unfolds in the individual, relative to the riskto-benefit ratio of the therapy being considered No Cancer Diagnosis Prevention Several agents are under investigation ... control, in which the tempo of the illness is altered and symptoms controlled until the patient dies of other causes These can be equivalent therapeutically from a patient standpoint if the patient ... detected in the finasteride group were high-grade [37% (280 of 757 cancers) vs 22% (237 of 1068 cancers) for the placebo group] have been shown to be an artifact of the reduced volume of the malignant...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... Each core of the biopsy is examined for the presence of cancer, and the amount of cancer is quantified based on the length of the tumor within the core and the percentage of the core involved ... changed the clinical spectrum of the disease Now, 95–99% of newly diagnosed cancers are clinically localized, 40% are not palpable, and of these, 70% are pathologically organ-confined The downside of ... ongoing Until the results of these studies are available, men are advised to make an informed decision about whether to undergo testing A diagnostic algorithm based on the DRE and PSA findings...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... to the extent of the disease within the gland, the presence or absence of capsular invasion, involvement of seminal vesicles, and extension of disease to lymph nodes Because of the inadequacy of ... staging, the staging system was modified to include the results of imaging studies Unfortunately, no single test has proven to indicate accurately the stage or the presence of organ-confined disease, ... histologic grade) often determines biologic behavior The presence or absence of perineural invasion and extracapsular spread are also recorded Prostate Cancer Staging The TNM staging system includes categories...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... assess The more advanced the disease, the lower the probability of local control and the higher the probability of systemic relapse More important is that within the categories of T1, T2, and T3 disease ... undetectable in the blood within weeks, based on the PSA half-life in the blood of days If PSA remains detectable, the patient is considered to have persistent disease After radiation therapy, in contrast, ... rates range from 25 to 89% Part of the variability relates to how the complication is defined and whether the patient or physician is reporting the event The time of the assessment is also important...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... further shaping of the dose, allowing the delivery of still higher doses to the prostate and a further reduction in normal tissue exposure These advances have enabled the safe administration of doses ... with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to maximize the dose to the prostate and to minimize the exposure of the surrounding normal structures The addition of IMRT has permitted further ... disruption of the vascular supply and not the nerve fibers Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has also been studied in combination with radiation therapy The aim is to decrease the size of the prostate...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... disease on scan For these patients the central issue is whether the rise in PSA results from persistent disease in the primary site, systemic disease, or both In theory, disease in the primary site ... estimated that 10–15% of patients had "insignificant" cancers Given the multifocality of the disease, a concern is the limited ability to predict pathologic findings on the basis of a needle biopsy, ... candidates Rising PSA This state consists of patients in whom the sole manifestation of disease is a rising PSA after surgery and/or radiation therapy By definition, patients have no evidence of disease...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... potency The initial rise in testosterone may result in a clinical flare of the disease These agents are therefore contraindicated in men with significant obstructive symptoms, cancer-related pain, ... metastatic disease at the same time intervals was 23, 32, and 53%, vs 47, 69, and 79% if the doubling time was short (

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... first 2–4 weeks of treatment to protect against the flare Intermittent Hormone Therapy Another way to reduce the side effects of androgen depletion is to administer hormones on an intermittent basis ... differentiation pathway In this way, the surviving cells that are allowed to proliferate in the presence of androgen will retain sensitivity to subsequent androgen depletion Applied in the clinic, androgen ... results of randomized comparisons involving thousands of patients showed no advantage for combining an antiandrogen with surgical orchiectomy, while separate analyses of trials combining an antiandrogen...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... act by relaxing the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and increasing peak urinary flow rates No data show that these agents influence the progression of the disease Surgical approaches include TURP, ... Always the time after you finished urinating? Over the 5 how often past month, have you had to urinate again less than h after you finished urinating? Over the past month, how often have you found ... regardless of the size of the gland, while those with an inability to urinate, gross hematuria, recurrent infection, or bladder stones may require surgery In patients with symptoms, uroflowmetry...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... 1) Imaging studies included plain abdominal films, ultrasound and CT scan of the abdomen In one of ten patients plain films showed calcification in the right upper quadrant Ultrasound of the abdomen ... Recurrent abdominal pain was present in children and vomiting in two Two presented with upper abdominal pain for day following blunt trauma to the abdomen; one had an infected hydatid cysts of the liver, ... the cyst cavity (obliteration of the cavity by folding the cyst wall inside the cavity and suturing the outer surface layers to the bottom of the cavity to fix the folded cyst wall) All specimens...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... requirement When the child begins to stand up and walk the diaphram decline gradually to the level of 5th intercostal space (2) Type of respiration In infant → abdominal respiration After the child ... Introduction The disease of respiratory system is one of the most frequent reasons for hospitalization of infants and children Basic knowledge of the development and functions of respiratory ... characteristics The principal antibody in respiratory tract → S-IgA S-IgA is produced by plasma cells in the submucosa of airway →can neutralize certain viruses and toxins, and help the lysis of bacteria The...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... surgery In recent years, the concept of biological osteosynthesis has gained a reputation in fracture treatment Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) techniques minimize the extent of soft ... Stabilisation of acute femoral fractures in Paget's disease Int Orthop 1999, 23:283-285 12 Ramos L, Santos JA, Devesa F, Del Pino J: Interlocking nailing with the Seidel nail in fractures of the humeral ... disease involving the entire femur of the fracture (Figure 5), the patient is able to walk unaided with a single T-cane Discussion Although Paget's disease of the bone is a relatively common disease...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... 23 of them have been found in humans [21-23] The members of the MMP family have many similarities in their structure All MMPs have a zinc-binding motif in the catalytic domain In addition, they ... metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) in cancer therapy Inhibition of MMP activity in the ECM has been involved in invasion of malignant cells Shah et al reported functional degradation of ECM and therapeutic ... an Nterminal domain called predomain, followed by the propeptide domain The majority of MMPs also have additional domains, e.g., Hemopexin domain These additional domains are important in substrate...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... Luini A Paget’s disease of the breast: the experience of the European Institute of Oncology and review of the literature Breast 2008, 112:513-521 Seetharam S, Fentiman IS: Paget’s disease of the ... carcinoma in the majority of patients The second hypothesis, the intraepidermal transformation theory, considers the presence of malignant keratinocytes that originate from the areolar epidermis ... Paget’s disease of the right nipple with no evidence of underlying invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast tissue or lymph node invasion Discussion Paget’s disease is an...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... different organs of the human body with an unusual predilection for the gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal invasion is a rare condition and is often associated with the invasion of other visceral ... Concerning the anatomical site of the gastric metastases, the majority of them are reported to occur in the body and the fundus, most often at the greater curvature with lesser curvature lesions being ... endoscopically SY, SB and SI interpreted the patient data regarding the gastrointestinal and oncologic disease HB performed the histological examination of the gastric and duodenal lesions of our patient,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... contents of incised cyst on the posterior wall of the popliteal artery Because of the rarity of the disease and the lack of large studies involving long follow-up examinations, the recurrence rate of ... recurrence of symptoms in our patient, in the absence of any radiologically apparent luminal stenosis of the popliteal artery, raises the question of the potential significance of the involvement of ... with the report of Crolla et al [8] that focuses mainly on the diagnostic use of MRI in CAD, are the only reports describing the involvement of the adventitia of the genicular arteries The early...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... a deeper insight into the mechanism of their interactions and thus helping in the design of potent new ChE inhibitors The interaction mode of the selected pose within the active sites of ChEs ... overlapping regions Apart from minor differences, a major diversity in the ligand-AChE complexes was the variation in the positioning of the side chain of Phe330 The divergence in the orientation of ... BChE, including numerous aromatic regions present in the latter but not in the former Both ChEs have their active sites at the base of enzyme cleft of about 20 Å depth In AChE, the binding of the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... CLT and teaching speaking and group work in teaching speaking are reviewed Chapter Three describes the methodology used in the research study The findings of the procedures in organizing group work, ... main stages: setting up (organizing the pairs and group/ giving instructions), monitoring (listening to the pairs/ groups during the activity and guiding / giving support/ making notes) and winding ... experience, the ten interviews were conducted in Vietnamese At the beginning of each interview, the students were explained clearly, explicitly and unambiguously about the nature of the study During the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50