2 29 the anatomy of the respiratory system figure 2 13

... [18] [19] [20 ] [21 ] [22 ] [23 ] [24 ] [25 ] [26 ] [27 ] [28 ] [29 ] [30] [31] [ 32] [33] [34] [35] [36] and maximal voluntary ventilation in undernourished patients Am Rev Respir Dis 19 82; 126 :5 – Arora ... (+9%) [ 124 ] Training programs of to 12 months, in older individuals, show average increases in Vo2max of 8.5% to 25 % [ 125 – 128 ] Summary Compliance of the chest wall and the respiratory system ... elastic recoil of the lung (Fig 2) [9] The kyphotic curvature of the spine and the anteroposterior diameter of the chest increase with aging, thereby decreasing the curvature of the diaphragm...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... Introduction The disease of respiratory system is one of the most frequent reasons for hospitalization of infants and children Basic knowledge of the development and functions of respiratory system ... compensate the hypoxemia The respiratory failure occurs when PaO2 ＜50mmHg and PaCO2 ＞50mmHg  (2) acid and basic disorder PaO2 ↓ →O2 metabolism interruption →acid metabolic ↑ →metabolic acidosis PaCO2 ↑(retention ... ↑(retention of CO2) respiratory acidosis (3)cardiovascular system PaCO2 ↑and PaO2 ↓ →reflectory contraction of pulmonary artery →pulmonary hypertension Toxemia →toxic myocarditis The pulmonary...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... of the Malli et al Respiratory Research 20 10, 11:1 52 http:/ /respiratory- research.com/content/11/1/1 52 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 1 32 133 134 135 136 137 138 ... sympathetic nerves in various organs, although its impact on the sympathetic nerves of the lung is unknown [1 32, 133 ] On the basis of this conception, researchers have examined the effects of leptin ... Physiol 20 01, 28 1(5):L1150-1156 doi:10.1186/1465-9 921 -11-1 52 Cite this article as: Malli et al.: The role of leptin in the respiratory system: an overview Respiratory Research 20 10 11:1 52 Submit...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:23

... proposal of atelectasis Anesthesiology 1985, 62: 422 - 428 Hedenstierna G, Edmark L: The effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysis on the respiratory system Intensive Care Med 20 05, 31:1 327 -133 5 Barnas ... Lung Cell Mol Physiol 20 02, 28 2:L766-L774 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Brismar B, Hedenstierna G, Lundquist H, Strandberg A, Svensson L, Tokics L: Pulmonary densities during anesthesia with muscular ... variability of baseline values, there are very slight differences in Zrs at the end of the experiment between control and treated group Figure shows the time courses of Raw and of the estimates of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... 118 ± 9* 7.33 ± 0. 02 52 ± 4* 59 ± 22 ± ARDS0 153 ± 7* 101 ± 5* 7.3 ± 0.03 52 ± 4* 62 ± 3* 21 ± HR (beats/min) Mean AP (mmHg) pH ARDS 129 ± 75 ± 16 ARDS20 1 32 ± 66 ± 13 ARDS15 134 ± ARDS10 Inspiratory ... from 20 and 15 cm H2O suggests that alveolar overdistension was present at a PEEP of 20 cm H2O In this study, the optimal level of PaO2 was obtained at a PEEP of 20 and 15 cm H2O Because one of the ... Correlation between PaO2 and static compliance of the respiratory sysand static compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) conditions of the present study, but may not be warranted in the clinical setting...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... breathing air and oxygen 02 content (mL/L) 20 0 20 0 0 10 20 PO2 kPa 02 content (mL/L) 02 content (mL/L) 02 content (mL/L) 20 0 20 0 10 20 PO2 kPa O2 content of blood draining the region breathing air ... an expired breath none of the CO2 expired came from the dead space region VT x FECO2 = (VT –VD) x FACO2 ∴ VD = VT (FACO2– FECO2)/ FACO2 End of expiration The Respiratory System at a Glance, 3e ... contents The PO2 and PCO2 that result from these O2 and CO2 contents can be found from the O2 and CO2 dissociation curves: Tissue 700 O2 and CO2 dissociation curves VCM = venae cordis minimae (thebesian...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2. 12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic ... between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2. 2 SOUND ... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... viral genome But the instead of the fairly small viral genome size genetics and function of the each ORF of the PCV is not fully understood at the moment The ORF2 of the PCV type2 showed heterogeneity ... that the ORF2 of the PCV has minor glycosylation modification or insect cell expression system does not mimic porcine cell translation system Fig Cloning of the ORF and of the PCV type2 in pVL 139 3 ... porcine cell translation system The post translational modification of the recombinant ORF2 need to be further characterized to understand nature of the ORF2 in the PCV type At the moment we not understand...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... * * 1 .2 2.0 2. 4 * 20 0 20 00 1.8 2. 5 3.4 4.1 SI - 1.4 3.5 25 TLR µg -2 / ml µg /m l 25 µg /m Iso l typ 25 e c µg on /m tro l l - - 2. 6 SI - 25 TLR µg -2 / m l µg /m l 25 µg /m Iso l typ 25 e c ... TLR -2 These data stress the crucial role of TLRs not only as sensors of the innate immune responses against microbial pathogens [ 42] but also as costimulators of cells of the adaptive immune system ... hypomethylated bacterial DNA [ 12] , LPS [13] and heat shock protein 60 [ 62] Relevance of the findings The question of whether our findings are of any significance for the understanding of CIJD is justified...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... Programs 29 2 2. 1 Basis for Hearing Conservation Programs 29 2 Establishment of Noise Standards 29 5 3.1 Noise Level and Exposure Time 29 6 3 .2 Effect of Age-related Hearing Loss 29 6 3.3 What Degree of ... Acceptable? 29 6 Measurement of Noise 29 7 4.1 Sound Level Meters 29 7 4 .2 Noise Dosimeters 29 8 Personal Protection 29 9 5.1 Earplugs and Earmuffs 29 9 5 .2 Active Noise Cancellation 300 5.3 Other Means of ... Human Middle Ear 27 4.3 Impulse Response of the Human Middle Ear 29 4.4 Linearity of the Middle Ear 29 4.5 Acoustic Impedance of the Ear 29 4.6 Contributions of Individual Parts of the Middle Ear...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [ 122 ] These divisions of the MGB receive their input from the ... target of the classical pathways Another pathway from the IC to the primary cortex is via the posterior nucleus of the thalamus that sends axons to the AAF The neurons of the medial division of the ... of the fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [ 72] The other part of the olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea and the fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording site FIGURE ... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... identifying the anatomical location of individual generators of the components of the ABR [147, 23 5, 26 2, 309] Scherg and von Cramon [26 2] showed that the generation of the ABR could be synthesized...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... nerves from Section II 27 3 27 4 27 5 27 6 27 7 27 8 27 9 28 0 28 1 28 2 28 3 28 4 28 5 28 6 28 7 28 8 28 9 29 0 29 1 29 2 29 3 29 4 29 5 the labyrinth to the brain stem: its implications to surgery of the eighth cranial ... doing in the auditory system? Trends Neurosci 27 : 104–110, 20 04 22 5 Oliver DL and Morest DK The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus in the cat J Comp Neurol 22 2: 23 7 26 4, 1984 22 6 Ota CY ... Brain Res 133 : 25 4 26 6, 20 00 Szczepaniak WS and Møller AR Interaction between auditory and somatosensory systems: a study of evoked potentials in References 29 6 29 7 29 8 29 9 300 301 3 02 303 304...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... reaches the cochlear nucleus The growth of the amplitude of the reflex response is reduced in 24 2 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology FIGURE 9 .27 The growth of the ... evident that the mature nervous 24 8 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology system is also plastic [ 125 , 136 , 154, 165, 181, 194, 25 9, 26 8, 27 7, 29 0, 316, 319, 320 , 338, ... selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the cochlea provides information to the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... persons Ear Hear 22 : 120 – 129 , 20 01 1 12 Harding GW and Bohne BA Noise-induced hair-cell loss and total exposure energy: analysis of a large data set J Acoust Soc Am 115: 22 07 22 20, 20 04 113 Harrison ... because of blockage of the synapses that provide connections from these other sensory systems to the auditory system That stimulation of the somatosensory system may affect the perception of tinnitus ... of recruitment of loudness is the ear, most often the cochlea, but absence of function of the acoustic middle-ear reflex can also cause an abnormal growth of the sensation of loudness above the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... Day Day 28 .4 ( 12. 0) 28 .5 (10.7) 29 .1 (10.5) 28 .1 (13. 0) 25 .7 (10.3) 26 .6 ( 12. 1) 25 .5 (9.6) 25 .0 (8.9) 23 .4 (8.8) p S 0.80 26 .4 (6.1) 0.35 26 .5 (7.0) 0.35 26 .0 (6.7) 0 .25 25 .6 (5.3) 0 .13 24 .9 (5.1) ... (3 .2) p 0.43 0.59 0 .21 0.03 0 .20 0.10 S 0.7 (0 .2) 0.6 (0 .2) 0.6 (0 .2) 0.6 (0 .2) 0.5 (0.1) 0.5 (0.1) NS p 0.8 (0 .2) 0.11 0.6 (0 .2) 0.46 0.6 (0 .2) 0 .25 0.6 (0 .2) 0 .22 0.6 (0 .2) 0 .27 0.6 (0 .2) 0. 02 ... 24 .9 (5.1) 0.01 23 .9 (4.7) 26 .9 (9.0) 28 .5 (8.9) 27 .6 (8.3) 27 .1 (8 .2) 26 .6 (6.8) 28 .4 (7.5) 0.74 0 .24 0.33 0.31 0 .20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... 0 .24 7 2. 7 32 11.08 62 M 0 .29 7 1 .28 3 4. 32 31 M 0.758 0. 620 0. 82 34 F 2. 099 15.348 7.31 41 M 0.330 4.5 32 13. 73 24 F 1.040 0 .28 5 0 .27 60 M 0.4 32 0.914 2. 11 27 31 M M 0.859 1.778 0 .24 5 3.387 0 .29 ... Gao et al Respiratory Research 20 11, 12: 92 http:/ /respiratory- research.com/content/ 12/ 1/ 92 6h C HO-1 GAPDH 12 h T C T Page 10 of 15 6h 24 h C T C 24 h 12 h T C T C 6h T 12 h T C C T 24 h C T GCLm ... protein Page 12 of 15 expression of Nrf2-activated antioxidants Although the focus of the present study was directed toward the Nrf2 system, the possibility remains that other components of the mixed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... 190S $5.0 20 .6 $44 $3-6 3.6 $25 4 20 .1 57 1.4 18.6 23 9 SI 0.7 12. 2 71 22 .2 74 8.5 127 23 .8 73 85 23 2 IIS 26 .8 36.5 34-5 18.8 2. 3 1 .2 73 14 i''i 314 34-4 2. 1 27 7 7.6 20 .7 25 6 23 7 423 73 4 42 289 39.7 ... 1911 19 12 1 913 1914 374 637 546 2S3 557 ISI 1 92 "3 478 97 86 61 175 446 313 48 26 191S 1916 1917 1918 1919 2, 131 62 2.374 94 1.549 2, 960 I3S Increase (In Decrease millions) (In SS44 42s 22 2 Bank ... indicated the need of credit institutions, was also a leading cause of the opposition to the rechartering of the States first Bank of the United In the period from 18 12 to 1816 the Treasury of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2014, 10:56

... is the number of melanoma cells at the end of the experiment, N is the number of melanoma cells at the onset of the experiment, k is the fraction of proliferating cells, t is the duration of the ... is the number of melanoma cells at the end of the experiment, N is the number of melanoma cells at the onset of the experiment, k is the fraction of proliferating cells, t is the duration of the ... /Dct d is the ratio of Dct expression in the lungs of control vs PMNMDSC-depleted mice, k c is the fraction of proliferating cells in the lungs of control mice and k d is the fraction of proliferating...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:50

... proved the eon'eetness of the system with a rigor and explicitness that is unusual for the great majority of mathematical proofs A Survey of the System gtructure Storage Allocation In the classical ... in their homing position Each process blocked in the course of task execution relies on the other processes for removal of the barrier Essentially, the proof in question is a demonstration of the ... the value of the semaphore called "sem" by If the resulting value of the semaphore concerned is positive, the V-operation in question has no further effect; if, however, the resulting value of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05