2 molecular and cellular pathophysiology of pediatric macular degenerations and potential therapeutics

... basis of the functional inactivation of Tax-2 leading to the inhibition of HTLV-2 retrovirus replication Further studies of subcellular localization unveiled the co-localization of Tax-2 and CIITA ... experiments of subcellular Tax-2 localization in the presence of CIITA were performed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy In the absence of CIITA, Tax-2 localized both in the cytoplasm and ... coordination of the study and in the discussion of the results RSA conceived the study, and participated in its design and coordination and drafted the manuscript All authors read and approved...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... basis of the functional inactivation of Tax-2 leading to the inhibition of HTLV-2 retrovirus replication Further studies of subcellular localization unveiled the co-localization of Tax-2 and CIITA ... experiments of subcellular Tax-2 localization in the presence of CIITA were performed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy In the absence of CIITA, Tax-2 localized both in the cytoplasm and ... coordination of the study and in the discussion of the results RSA conceived the study, and participated in its design and coordination and drafted the manuscript All authors read and approved...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... immunostaining of CHH and VIH may coincide with a weak or null mRNA labelling and vice versa [26] The existence of a sixth type of cell, producing a mixture of l-epimers of CHH and VIH had to ... Characterization of cell types in relation to CHH and VIH isomers To study the distribution of CHHs and VIHs in the X organ cells, immunohistochemical labelling of whole-mounts of X organ–sinus gland complexes ... Hep-DS2 and HepDW4 were added to the standard mixture as standards Figure 2B shows that the elution time of Hep-dW4 is identical to that of the VIH II fragment By MALDI-TOF MS, the mass of this...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... presence of several concentrations of ATP (A) or AMP (B) and different concentrations of the inhibitor Each point is the mean of three separate trials Inhibition of AK by the specific inhibitor Ap5A and ... mM) and AMP (range 0.010–1.5 mM) Protein content was estimated by using the method of Bradford [25] For analysis of enzyme kinetics AK assay was done at varying concentrations of ATP and AMP and ... with Ki values of 190 nM and 160 nM for ATP and AMP, respectively Ap5A also inhibited growth of L donovani promastigotes in vitro (Fig 7) with IC50 value of 27 ± lM The effect of Ap5A on leishmania...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS Edited by Christian Alzheimer Institute of Physiology University of Kiel ... viewpoint of the basic scientist who works at the cellular and molecular level, but who also develops and tests new hypotheses using animal models of acute and chronic brain injury Although many of ... 198 Chemical Structures and Receptor Profile of Neuroprotective mGluR Ligands 199 Physico-Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Neuroprotective mGluR Ligands 202 Group-I...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:51

... Regulation and function of GFRα and co-receptor isoforms in neurogenesis 159 9.2.4 Functions of miRNA in GFL signaling and neurogenesis 159 CHAPTER 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS 161 10.1 Ligands and Chemicals ... interactions of GFLs, GFRα and RET receptor isoforms provides a new paradigm that allows a single ligand to exert a plethora of biological effects xi List of Figures and Tables Figure 2.1 Structures of ... variants of GDNF family ligands and receptors is suggestive of a new paradigm where a limited number of ligands and receptors generate pleiotropic effects through differential expression and combinatorial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:13

... activity of the G protein is a consequence of the tonic activation of A1 adenosine receptors, removal of adenosine tone by A1 receptor antagonists, genetic deletion of A1 receptors or application of ... of presynaptic K+ and Na+ channels contribute to mossy fibre synaptic transmission and its dynamic regulation (Geiger et al., 2000; Bischofberger et al., 2002; Engel and Jonas, 2005; Nicoll and ... LTP is due to increasing release of presynaptic glutamate, and requires the activation of PKA as well as the downstream targets of PKC and PKA Several substrates of PKA have been investigated for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:55

... xi List of Tables Table 4.1 Average concentrations and standard errors of Fe Cu and Zn in different layers and background levels, based on seven sections from seven rats 100 List of Figures ... targets of PKA and PKC … 18 1.2.4 Long-term depression………………………………………… 18 1.3 Mossy fibers in learning and memory……………………………………… 19 1.3.1 Role of mossy fibers plasticity in learning and memory ... …………………50 Figure 3.3 Segmentation of MRI images .…… 51 Figure 3.4 Coronal MEMRI of rat brain at 20 h, days, and days post intravenous infusion of MnCl2 at the dose of 80 mg/kg …………………………………...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:55

... Pirouette®software RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Extraction, identification, and quantification of 2-AP in Pandan leaf In this experiment, response factor (RF) of collidine has been used to identify and ... standard to identify and quantify 2-AP in aromatic rice (Phan Phuoc Hien, 2009; 2010; 2011) Quantification of 2-AP in pandan leaf: Fig System of the SPME extraction 732 Content of - AP in pandan ... 20672313 2-AP in old pandan leaf 31776315 Table Content of - AP (ng/kg) in the pandan leaves quantified by SDE-GCFID Pandan leaves Young pandan leaf Mature pandan leaf Old pandan leaf Content -...

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 16:28

... apoptosis and induces the synthesis of antioxidants [22] Alterations in mitochondrial proteins, on the other hand, are specifically linked to one of the major pathogenetic mechanisms of PD [5] Worthy of ... spots were manually excised and destained (1 · 10 50 lL of K3[Fe(CN)6] 30 mm and Na2S2O3 100 mm; · 10 100 lL of deionized water; · 20 100 lL of NH4HCO3 200 mm; · 20 100 lL of deionized water), dehydrated ... each sample and data were processed using CellQuest software (Becton-Dickinson) Fluorescent emission of propidium iodide and Annexin V-FITC were collected through a 575 and a 530 ⁄ 30 bandpass filter,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... from tight, adherens and gap junctions enhances transcellular, rather than paracellular, transport when the brain parenchyma Regulation of angiogenesis and barriergenesis and blood exchange factors ... defects in the central nervous system (CNS) and many other parts of the body, because of an inappropriate association of the extracellular matrix and supporting cells [28] Knockout mice deficient ... leading to vascular leakage and edema [55–57] Ligand–receptor signaling between two types of cells may mediate cellular communication and, in turn, form the proper structure of mature vessels After...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... H Shimano Physiology and pathophysiology of the SREBP family SREBP-1c and lipogenesis The SREBP family consists of three isoforms: SREBP1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 Each isoform has a different ... 617 Physiology and pathophysiology of the SREBP family H Shimano at G1 [19] In particular, p21 is a direct target of SREBP [20] The role of SREBP-1a in the regulation of cell growth and the cell ... p21, p27, and p16, and causes cell cycle arrest Feedback Glucose G6PD Glc6P Fig Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by SREBPs Acetyl-CoA is produced from glycolysis of glucose, and passed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... translocation of the full-length Tat protein and cellular uptake of its basic domain make use of the same mechanism Both genetic and biological evidence indicates that the cellular uptake of the Tat ... and analyzed by FACS RESULTS Uptake and cellular localization of ¯uorescently labeled Tat peptides Cellular uptake of the full-length Tat protein fused to GFP and/ or GST involves an interaction ... easier handling of the cells, treatment was performed on HeLa cells instead of CHO K1 cells Cells were then incubated with of lgámL)1 Tat±GFP fusion protein or with lM ¯uorescein Tat peptide and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... absence of both N- and C-terminal extensions, the Sm domains of Lsm1p and Lsm8p not have distinct subcellular localizations The potential for P-body localization and nuclear accumulation of LsmDN1DCp ... features of Lsm1 and Lsm8 polypeptides (A) Alignment of Lsm1p and Lsm8p using CLUSTAL W [48] (B) 2D structure predictions for Lsm1p and Lsm8p using 3D-PSSM [32] Arrowheads indicate sites of N- and ... for different domains of the Lsm1 and Lsm8 proteins in their function and localization, we created a series of mutant and hybrid proteins We deleted or exchanged their N- and ⁄ or C-terminal domains,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... fully active alpha isoform and other variants, we conducted a series of cotransfection experiments and compared ligand-induced accumulation of cAMP (Fig 3) Although the level of cAMP accumulated ... messages with internal deletions and unusual isoforms composed of soluble extracellular (ligand-binding) domains [18] As the skin shows polymorphism in CRFR1 expression and its functional diversity ... urocortin The artificial isoform (CRFR1h2) with the insertion of 37 amino acids between ligand binding domain and the first extracellular loop was able to produce 2828 A Pisarchik and A Slominski (Eur...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... 2B that VBARP-L and VBARP-S are coded by these specific exons VBARP-L and VBARP-S code for precursor proteins of 627 and 435 amino acids and with calculated peptide masses of 69 and 49 kDa, respectively ... PKC, and CK2), and the presence of nine potential myristoylation sites in the VBARP protein (Fig 2C) psort software predicted with high accuracy the subcellular localization of VBARP, and indicated ... confirming the possibility of post-translational modifications and ⁄ or splice variants Subcellular distribution of VBARP To determine the subcellular localization of VBARP isoforms, His-tagged VBARP...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... also reported random binding of NAD+ and Man-ol1P [29] It is reasonable to assume that random binding of reactants by AfM1PDH and AfM2DH occurs in rapid equilibrium, and the absence of curvature ... substrate and NAD+, whereas the assumed intracellular concentration of Fru is about two orders of magnitude below the apparent Km of 40 mm A physiological role of AfM2DH in the utilization of intracellular ... assuming a value of 0.62 for the ratio of intracellular concentrations of NADPH and NADP+ (data from A niger [32]) and applying the values for the 1272 in vivo levels of Man-ol and Fru from Table...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... Each band was analysed densitometrically and the values are depicted after normalization of PEPCK and G6Pase bands with those of 18S rRNA (B) Each point is the mean ± SEM of three sets of experiments ... times Cells in the absence of any of these were taken as the control (Con) Two micrograms of total RNA were reverse transcribed with random primers and the levels of PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA were measured ... a series of events beginning with the TNFa-mediated prevention of the effect of insulin on Foxa2 localization and leading to the abrogation of insulin inhibition of gluconeogenesis and glucose...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... levels of cPLA2-a expression and site of cPLA2-a relocation Comparison of the location of cPLA2-a in EA.hy.926 endothelial cells with markers for specific cellular organelles The relocation of cPLA2-a ... regulation of this important enzyme Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes function downstream of cPLA2-a and convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 [8,9] To date, two distinct COX isoforms, COX-1 and ... against COX-1 and COX-2 proteins Both COX isoforms have been shown to be constitutively localized on both the inner and outer surfaces of the nuclear membrane [14], and recently, COX-1 and prostacyclin...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... Phylogenetic trees of the PFK-2 and FBPase-2 domains of both the bifunctional and monofunctional proteins All PFK-2 and ⁄ or FBPase-2 containing sequences from animals, invertebrates, fungi and protists, ... of Lm4 and Tb4 The notion of a noncovalent interaction between distinct PFK-2 isoenzymes and a FBPase-2 would combine the advantages of both the flexibility offered by different combinations of ... Construction of expression clones, production and purification of recombinant T brucei PFK-2 Fragments of two potential PFK-2 ⁄ FBPase-2 sequences (denoted Tb1 and Tb4, see Results and Discussion...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20