1 diabetic nephropathy 2 diabetic neuropathy 3 diabetic retinopathy
mechanisms of type 2 diabetes
... Post-prandial glucose 20 17 14 11 Fasting glucose At risk for diabetes Beta-cell dysfunction Relative to normal (%) 25 0 20 0 15 0 10 0 50 Insulin resistance Insulin level -10 -5 10 Years 15 20 25 30 R.M Bergenstal, ... diabetes have retinopathy Proportion of patients with cardiovascular disease increases with duration of type diabetes 48% 29 % 21 % 24 % 15 % < =2 3- 5 6-9 10 -14 15 + Years T2DM Harris,S et al CDA 20 03; Type ... (Suppl.):S 21 S25 Proportion of patients with A1C > 7.0 increases with duration of type diabetes 67% 62% 53% 42% 31 % < =2 3- 5 6-9 10 -14 15 + Years T2DM Harris,S et al CDA 20 03; Type Diabetes and Associated Complications...
Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:58
Báo cáo y học: "Ultra-low microcurrent in the management of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic wounds: Report of twelve cases and discussion of mechanism of action"
... interest exists References 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Griendling KK, Fitzgerald GA Oxidative stress and cardiovascular injury Animal and human studies Circulation 20 03; 10 8: 20 34 20 40 Madamanchi NR, Vendrov ... Assoc 19 89; 39 :16 1 -16 2 21 Lee BY, Wendell K, AL-Waili N, Butler G Ultra-low microcurrent therapy: a novel approach for treatment of chronic resistant wounds Adv Ther 20 07 ;24 (6) : 12 02- 9 22 Bach, ... IKK-beta and NF-kappaB Nat Med 20 05; 11 :18 3 19 0 50 Ho E, Bray TM: Antioxidants, NFkappaB activation, and diabetogenesis Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 19 99; 22 2 :20 5– 21 3 51 Kim JK, Kim YJ, Fillmore JJ,...
Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39
Tài liệu ECCENTRIC MECHANISM OF FOUR-BAR LINKAGE pptx
... clip -1. prt clip -2. prt link.prt 10 11 eccentric.prt post.prt shaft.prt washer -1. prt washer -2. prt arm.prt bushing.prt base.prt eccentric.prt post.prt clip -1. prt shaft.prt clip -2. prt washer -1. prt ... Open clip -1. prt and place it in the groove of the pin of arm part – see figure below 21 Place washer -1. prt right behind clip -1 – see figure below 22 The resulted assembly is shown below 23 CREATE ... assembly is shown below 10 Click below Then open clip -2. prt Place clip -2 in the groove of the shaft as shown Place washer -2. prt right behind clip -2 as shown below 11 Open clip -1. prt and place it...
Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 05:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo " Mechanism of forming the Dien Bien basin " pdf
... Chu Van Ngoi, Luong Thi Thu Hoai / VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 23 (20 07) 76-79 direction [1] This stress field caused the displacement on all of the active faults in this area ... pull-apart regime References [1] N.V Hung, Characteristics of the neotectonic faults 79 in NW Vietnam, Ph.D thesis, Institute of Geology, VAST, Hanoi, 20 02 (in Vietnamese) [2] Ministry of Heavy Industry, ... Hanoi, 19 94 (in Vietnamese) [3] D.V Toan, D.V Tuyen, Applying resistanceelectric method on studying geological characteristics in Dien Bien Valley, Institute of Geology, VAST, Hanoi, 20 01 (in...
Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: X-ray crystallographic and NMR studies of pantothenate synthetase provide insights into the mechanism of homotropic inhibition by pantoate docx
... Arg18 His34 Asp35 Gly36 Arg64 Pro65 Glu66 Asp67 Arg70 Tyr 71 Pro 72 Thr74 Leu75 Gln76 Glu77 Lys96 Glu97 Tyr99 Pro100 1. 06 1. 10 1. 75 1. 74 1. 89 1. 32 1. 57 1. 45 1. 10 1. 02 1. 06 1. 17 1. 13 1. 41 1 .19 1. 38 ... (A2) Ramachandran plot (%) Most favored regions (%) Allowed regions (%) a 1. 5 418 34 .78 1. 67 (1. 76 1. 67)a P 21 2 12 61. 89, 77.50, 78.85 10 9 17 0 ( 13 8 93) 43 2 31 (5676) 96 .2 (87.5) 12 .8 (2. 0) 5 .1 (46.4) ... The isotopically enriched chemicals, i.e., 15 NH4Cl, 13 C6H12O6, 13 C62H51H7O6, 12 C62H51H7O6, 2- ketovalerate ( 13 C5, 3- 2H), 2- ketobutyrate ( 13 C5, 3, 3-2H), and deuterated dodecylphosphocholine, were...
Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Modeling of tRNA-assisted mechanism of Arg activation based on a structure of Arg-tRNA synthetase, tRNA, and an ATP analog (ANP) ppt
... 6.4 ( 21 . 0)a 17 .2 (2. 5)a 90.7 (79 .3) a 21 . 3 (27 .7)a, 25 .3 ( 31 . 0)a 20 .1 (27 .5)a, 26 .2 (35 .3) a 5097b, 16 26 , 31 , 3 62 5097b, 16 26 , none, 24 8 36 .3 33 .2, 46.5, 34 .9, 35 .3 37.4 35 .2, 44.9, none, 33 .4 0.006, ... P 21 76 .27 , 60.00, 11 0.66, 10 6.94 1. 0 40 )2. 0 (2. 07 )2. 0)a 17 1 28 8 60 23 8 5.6 (25 .3) a 24 .1 (1. 9)a 92. 7 (77.9)a ArgRS-tRNAArg P 21 76. 21 , 60 .14 , 11 0 .33 , 10 7.06 1. 0 40 )2. 3 (2. 38 )2. 3) a 10 5 487 38 820 ... to 2. 0 A resolution A green sphere shows the Mg2+ Y 415 H 417 E386 N 129 H 138 N 129 Y 415 H 417 H 138 K1 32 K1 32 H 135 V 418 FEBS Journal 27 6 (20 09) 47 63 4779 ª 20 09 The Authors Journal compilation ª 20 09...
Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Hypoxic resistance to articular chondrocyte apoptosis – a possible mechanism of maintaining homeostasis of normal articular cartilage pdf
... survival J Immunol 16 9, 5986–5996 10 Ichikawa K, Liu W, Fleck M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Ohtsuka T, Wang Z, Liu D, Mountz JD, Ohtsuki M 738 4 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 et al (20 03) TRAIL-R2 (DR5) mediates ... Immunity 11 , 25 3 2 61 Collison A, Foster PS & Mattes J (20 09) The emerging role of TRAIL as key regulator of inflammatory responses Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, doi :10 .11 11/ j 14 40 -16 81. 20 09.0 525 8.x Brincks ... Blagosklonny MV (20 00) Protease inhibitor-induced apoptosis: accumulation of wt p 53, p21WAF1 ⁄ CIP1, and induction of apoptosis are independent markers of proteasome inhibition Leukemia 14 , 12 76 12 83 Kim...
Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism of dihydroneopterin aldolase NMR, equilibrium and transient kinetic studies of the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli enzymes docx
... calculated as k )1 ⁄ k1 SaDHNA EcDHNA k1 (lM )1 s )1) NP MP HP HPO k )1 (s )1) 0 .24 0 .29 0.47 0.45 4.5 4 .2 13 10 ± ± ± ± 0. 01 0. 02 0.04 0. 02 ± ± ± ± Kd k (lM) (lM )1 s )1) 0 .1 0 .2 1 19 15 28 24 0. 32 0 .26 0.65 ... oxygenase J Am Chem Soc 12 8, 13 21 6 13 22 3 19 Yaylayan VA, Harty-Majors S & Ismail AA (19 98) Investigation of the mechanism of dissociation of glycolaldehyde dimer (2, 5-dihydroxy -1, 4-dioxane) by FTIR ... FTIR spectroscopy Carbohydr Res 30 9, 31 38 20 Collins GCS & George WO (19 71) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of glycolaldehyde J Chem Soc B 13 52 13 55 21 Kuzmic P (19 96) Program DYNAFIT for the...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Catalytic mechanism of SGAP, a double-zinc aminopeptidase from Streptomyces griseus pdf
... 2. 52 1. 43 1. 78 1. 35 1. 83 One proton Two protons Generalized solvations changes 1. 55 1. 95 1. 34 1. 76 1. 50 1. 83 1. 31 1.67 1. 45 1. 70 1. 29 1. 59 activity for both SGAP and the catalytic mutant E 131 D, resulting ... (kJÆmol )1) DS° (J ⁄ mol*K) DGà (kJÆmol )1) DHà (kJÆmol )1) DSà (J ⁄ mol*K) Ea (kJÆmol )1) E 131 D )2 )39 ) 12 2 +59 +29 )10 0 32 )1. 5 )38 ) 12 1 + 81 +38 )14 4 41 B C Enzyme–substrate interaction E + S fi (ES) ... Journal 27 4 (20 07) 38 64 38 76 ª 20 07 The Authors Journal compilation ª 20 07 FEBS Y F Hershcovitz et al 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 antigen, a tumor marker and peptidase Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 10 2, ...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Antifungal effects and mechanism of action of viscotoxin A3 docx
... Journal compilation ª 20 05 FEBS M Giudici et al 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 system in which to obtain patch-clamp recordings of ionic channels Biochemistry 51, 11 21 5 11 22 2 Hamill OP, Marty ... alpha1-purothionin, are due to ion pore formation Eur Biophys J 33 , 28 3 28 4 Green DR & Reed JC (19 98) Mitochondria and apoptosis Science 2 81, 13 09 13 12 Berridge MJ, Lipp P & Bootman MD (20 00) ... (N-acetyl -3, 7-dihydroxy phenoxazine), SytoxÒ Green, Texas Red sulfonyl chloride [1H,5H ,11 H ,15 H-xantheno (2, 3, 4-ij:5,6,7-i¢j¢)diquinolizin18-ium,9- (2( or4)-(chlorosulfonyl)-4(or2)-sulfophenyl) -2, 3, 6,7, 12 , 13 ,16 ,17 -...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Identification of membrane-bound serine proteinase matriptase as processing enzyme of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein-1 (IGFBP-rP1/angiomodulin/mac25) doc
... Ahmed et al 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 to soluble form of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in culture J Biochem (Tokyo) 12 5, 10 67 10 76 Lin CY, Anders J, Johnson M & Dickson RB (19 99) Purification ... Growth Differ 13 , 20 5– 21 3 16 Nelson AR, Fingleton B, Rothenberg ML & Matrisian LM (20 00) Matrix metalloproteinases: biologic activity and clinical implications J Clin Oncol 18 , 11 35 11 49 17 Egeblad ... FEBS Journal 27 3 (20 06) 615 – 627 ª 20 06 The Authors Journal compilation ª 20 06 FEBS 617 Processing of IGFBP-rP1 by matriptase EJ -1 EC V3 HT 10 80 OV IS E M KN -4 HL E HS C4 DL D1 HE K2 93 A S Ahmed...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Manipulation of prenyl chain length determination mechanism of cis-prenyltransferases ppt
... Srt1p and Srt1p-delta in yeasts pJR 1 13 3- Srt1p and pJR 1 13 3- Srt1p-delta plasmids were introduced into yeast rer2 -2 mutant strain, SNH 23- 7D (MATa rer2 mfa1::TRP1::HIS3 ura3 trp1 ade2 leu2 his3 lys2), ... Wild-type SRT1 and the mutant Srt1p-delta were digested with KpnI and SalI, subcloned into pJR 1 13 3 vector, and digested with the same restriction enzymes to give pJR 1 13 3- Srt1p and pJR 1 13 3Srt1p-delta, ... B-P 26 Enzymes Km (IPP) (lM)a Km (FPP) (lM) Wild-type F73Ab A72L ⁄ F73L (LL) A72L ⁄ F73L ⁄ W78L (LLL) EKE RAKDY 7.8 25 2 690 49 39 16 8 .3 9 .3 26 14 a For reactions with FPP 650 b ± ± ± ± ± ± 2. 8...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate Propionyl-CoA inhibits glucose metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans doc
... 14 7 35 19 11 9 54 13 7 20 5 12 8 28 9 50 21 38 67 63 90 0 .1 108 62 17 0 22 5 10 7 28 7 12 31 27 20 28 36 14 52 38 20 72 83 16 26 24 27 12 4 15 0 16 7 13 10 13 42 76 74 0 .2 14 41 34 63 29 4 18 0 62 29 29 13 2 ... G50/A100/P100 A100 G10/P100 A100/P100 G50 G50/A100 G50/P100 G50/A100/P100 A100 G10/P100 A100/P100 19 47 22 59 15 3 13 3 13 5 10 16 10 26 58 77 59 0 .2 23 35 85 86 13 0 16 1 10 30 26 26 74 35 55 37 38 14 7 ... 10 10 1 0 .1 3 10 10 2 2 1 0.5 2. 3 17 22 18 2. 3 3.5 29 31 30 0.6 24 26 71 67 82 11 44 33 24 64 63 57 41 42 15 3 13 3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0 .2 0.2...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: nsights into the reaction mechanism of glycosyl hydrolase family 49 Site-directed mutagenesis and substrate preference of isopullulanase doc
... residues Asp3 53( IPU) -37 6(Dex49A), Asp3 73 39 6, Glu356 37 9, and Trp4 02 425 , numerous aromatic and charged residues Arg297– 32 2 , Asn 32 3 34 8, Asp 32 6 3 51, Tyr358 3 81, Lys376 39 9, Tyr378–4 01, Tyr379–4 02, and ... pullulan and 32 mM panose were measured ND, Not detected Pullulan Wild-type W31F W32F W240F W402F E273Q D353N E356Q D372N D373N Panose 10 0 38 90 13 0 0.4 45 ND 38 ND ND 10 0 14 0 12 0 16 0 0 .1 74 ND 50 ... and W402F IPUs for panose Km (mM) Wild-type W402F k0 (s )1) k0/Km (mM )1 s )1) 16 0 ± 3. 8 920 ± 14 0 18 0 ± 2. 2 0 .36 ± 0. 036 1. 13 ± 0.04 (3. 9 ± 1. 0) · 10 )4 significantly The mutant E356Q had 38 % and...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: The mechanism of a-proton isotope exchange in amino acids catalysed by tyrosine phenol-lyase doc
... (s )1) L-Phenylalanine [a-2H]-L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalanine L-Methionine [a-2H]-L-Methionine 1. 14 0. 81 0. 92 35 .8 19 .5 14 .9 1. 52 14 .1 5.85 0. 62 H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O ± ± ± ± ± 0 .11 0 .39 0 .11 1. 1 1. 6 ... 0 .1 M potassium phosphate solution in D2O pD 8.7, containing 33 .94 mM L-Phe, 0 .1 mM pyridoxal-P, and 1. 27 unitsÆmL )1 TPL Aliquots (1 mL) of the reaction mixture were withdrawn after 71, 12 5, 26 5, ... concerted 1, 3 prototropic shift mechanism for the cytoplasmic enzyme and 1- aspartate and dichotomy in mechanism Biochemistry 28 , 3 825 – 38 33 22 Phillips, R.S., Sundararaju, B & Faleev, N.G (20 00)...
Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Unraveling the catalytic mechanism of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase A reflection on some controversial features Elena Ghibaudi and Enzo Laurenti docx
... III (nm) [29 ] [ 32 ] [34 ] [35 ] [36 ] [37 ] [30 ] [4] [3] [26 ] [ 31 ] [27 ] 410 (5 62, 600, 6 62) – – – – – – – – 420 – 416 – 430 – – – – – – – 430 430 430 433 430 430 430 430 – 430 – 430 430 – 430 – – – ... (4 52 458) 628 ( 622 – 630 ) 455 628 455 450, 626 – Reference [18 ] [39 ] 4 52 622 450 (449–4 52) 625 ( 622 – 625 ) 4 51 626 – – Ó FEBS 20 03 (t1 /2 10 0 ms [16 ]) According to Harrison et al [16 ], a 40-fold excess ... (e ¼ 16 0000) – [4] 430 (e ¼ 88000) dimer – – [1] – [24 ] – [17 ] – [16 ] 425 (e ¼ 520 00) 5 72 (e ¼ 9700) 625 (e ¼ 9900) – 628 (e ¼ 18 000) at pH 635 (e ¼ 25 000) at pH 11 454 (4 52 458) 628 ( 622 – 630 )...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A role for the intersubunit disulfides of seminal RNase in the mechanism of its antitumor action docx
... (lgặmL )1) M(CH2SCH2COO )2 M(CH2SCH2CONH2 )2 M(CH2SCH2CH2NH+ )2 M(CH2SSCH2CH2NH+ )2 M(CH2SSCH2cGlu )2 | Gly M(CH2SSCH2)2M (MCM) (MCA) (MAE) (MSSAE) (MSSG) (BS RNase) No No No Yes Yes >20 0 >20 0 >20 0 47 31 ... monomers by ể FEBS 20 03 Disuldes and antitumor action of BS-RNase (Eur J Biochem 27 0) 19 87 selective reduction and alkylation of the intersubunit disulde bridges Biochemistry 14 , 11 1 611 22 20 Mastronicola, ... enzyme Methods Enzymol 3 41, 24 826 3 13 Kunitz, M (19 46) A spectrophotometric method for the measurement of ribonuclease activity J Biol Chem 16 4, 5 635 68 14 Ellman, G & Lysko, H (19 79) A precise method...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism of protection of peroxidase activity by oscillatory dynamics docx
... [NADH][O2] k2 [H2O2][Per3+] k3 [coI][ArH] k4 [coII][ArH] k5 [NAD][O2] k6 [O2][Per3+] k7 [O2 ]2 k8 [coIII][NAD] k9 [NAD ]2 k10 [Per3+][NAD] k 11 [Per2+][O2] k 12 k 13 [O2]eq k - 13 [O2] k14 [Ar][NADH] ... NADH O2 Per3+ Per2+ NAD O2 co I co II compound III H2O2 ArH Ar NAD+ NAD2 ss 0.95 5 .33 0.059 1. 0 ã 10 )4 5.0 ã 10 )4 0. 026 8.9 ã 10 )4 0. 026 1. 31 0. 0 13 29 9.88 0 . 12 558 0 . 12 osc 79.8 6.85 0.6 0. 0 12 ... 0. 0 12 9.0 ã 10 )4 8.6 ã 10 )4 7 .1 ã 10 )4 0. 020 0.77 0.009 29 9.99 0.0 011 435 10 . 73 osc* 16 1.8 5. 41 0.6 0. 019 1. 4 ã 10 )3 9.5 ã 10 )3 9 .1 ã 10 )4 0. 026 0.75 0.008 29 9.99 9.0 ã 10 )4 560 16 .05 and mean...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Insights into the reaction mechanism of Escherichia coli agmatinase by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modelling ppt
... 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 REFERENCES Satishchandran, C & Boyle, S.M (19 86) Purification and properties of agmatine ureohydrolyase, a putrescine biosynthetic enzyme in Escherichia coli J Bacteriol 16 5, ... related enzymes J Mol Evol 39 , 10 1 10 4 Perozich, J., Hempel, J & Morris, S.M (19 97) Roles of conserved residues in the arginase family Biochim Biophys Acta 13 28 , 23 37 Kanyo, Z.F., Scolnick, L.R., ... for polyamine synthesis 17 18 19 20 21 induced in liver by hepatitis B virus Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 28 2, G375–G3 81 Ouzounis, C.A & Kyrpides, N.C (19 94) On the evolution of arginases...
Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21