1 10 channel capacity and ideal communication systems

... Conflicting national standards will be withdrawn by March 2010 at the latest BS EN 1993-1-10 will partially supersede BS 449-2, BS 5400-3 and BS 5950-1, which will be withdrawn by March 2010 The UK participation ... 3DUWV (1  (1  (1  (1  (1  (1  (1  (1  (1  (1   (XURFRGH  (XURFRGH  (XURFRGH  (XURFRGH... RU E\ HQGRUVHPHQW DW WKH ODWHVW E\ 1RYHPEHU ... ```,,`,`````,,`,,``,`,,,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - blank (8523($1 67$1'$5' (1  1250( (8523e(11( (8523b,6&+( 1250 0D\  ,&6  6XSHUVHGHV (19  ,QFRUSRUDWLQJ &RUULJHQGXP 'HFHPEHU

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2016, 21:53

... igna1 to noise rat.io SHRdB 10 SD :- 10 C:- B· e~i~;2:m)] > c- 2.131· 10 c C t- - C , :'.044 10 Channel capacity (bits/sec) ()uJY ,-eo.d i~~ : 18-46 *e ~(t) :0 WlltJ Cot) vJt t · w-c·O ) I~ f;1~ ... ~.w~)(tJ(-t):: 1'.d1(f)(~ ) ~ ~~ -:: 32 1\ Mb/~ ~ J) ~~CcI'"'t:::' ~ .1.: t - 3- - 10 311 k~ Ift1 (k.3 for B~~k) tefJittL,QJ 14e pt:t'lltrelJ i~e tf!t- S1"" ~(.}'~)!;~ " e.tJ, ft!flflaf l,f 32~1 'tJ.J8I/ ... Atf;JJ I~ feci) 4ttd ~d"':1.~ bt' ILet.t>,~~, 1­ of ,d=g: ~~J.;', ~bi,,~.t ta.l '"c tnt,", ~ ~t.rI~ L,''l'''l I.f': 1\l.4, If fl' ~) ~-fl) l\1b t\ 11 ;: t,!,J C:-1t111\~I) -{l-';I)I~ (bl B:-

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2021, 12:22

... L −26,26 ={1,1, −1, −1, 1, 1, −1, 1,−1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1, −1, −1, 1, 1, −1, 1,−1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,1, −1, −1, 1, 1, −1, 1,−1, 1, −1, −1, −1, −1, −1, 1, 1, −1, −1, 1, −1, 1, −1, 1, 1, 1, 1}. (7) Short ... (Eb/No = 10 dB). 10 0 10 −1 10 −2 10 −3 10 −4 BER 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Packet data length (bytes) 30 Km/h 100 Km/h Figure 11: BER performance according to packet length (Eb/No = 10 dB). ... IEEE802.11p physical layer, however it can be considered for IEEE802.11a physical layer by scaling timing-related parameters properly. 10 0 10 −1 10 −2 10 −3 10 −4 10 −5 Bit error rate 02468101214

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111408 Received 30 June 2021; Received in revised form 14 August 2021; Accepted September 2021 Available online September 2021 1387-1811/© 2021 The Authors ... forming an ammonium (NH4+) cation maintaining close 19.10 45.99 19.97 29.58 17.36 C.I Sainz-Díaz et al Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 327 (2021) 111408 Fig Structured interlayers after adsorption ... influence 11 C.I Sainz-Díaz et al Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 327 (2021) 111408 surface: implications to formation of Martian’s regolith, Appl Surf Sci 512 (2020) 145634 [21] J Ortega-Castro,

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2022, 22:13

... CARD Vietnam – Agroforestry Systems Project Title Code: 1.10 Enhanced Capacity and Research in AgroForestry systems for livestock feeding and sustainable land use in Vietnam Australian Personnel ... training and curriculum development activities The major outputs will be (a) improved research capacity of 10 National staff arising from study of the value of MPTs in local farming systems and appropriate ... teaching capacity arising from new courses in agroforestry and the training of 30 local extension agents in the use of MTPs: and (c) the establishment and utilisation of MTPs on more than 100 smallholdings

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 13:20

... accuracy of the derived formulas. 8 EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0 p(e) 10 −1 10 0 10 1 10 2 CEMSE Numerical simulation Approximate formula Lower bound ... that would be achieved in 0 2 4 6 8 1012141618 SNR (dB) 10 −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0 Error probability 0th iteration 1st iteration 2nd iteration 3rd iteration Ideal MMSE Figure 4: Error probability ... computer Stefano Buzzi 9 0 2 4 6 8 1012141618 SNR (dB) 10 −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0 Error probability 0th iteration 1st iteration 2nd iteration 3rd iteration Ideal MMSE Figure 5: Error probability

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... Lecture 4-Feb L1 6-Feb L2 11-Feb L3 13-Feb L4 18-Feb 20-Feb L5 25-Feb L6 27-Feb L7 4-Mar L8 6-Mar L9 11-Mar L10 13-Mar L11 18-Mar L12 20-Mar L13 25-Mar 27-Mar 1-Apr L14 Eytan Modiano ... L16 10-Apr L17 15-Apr L18 17-Apr L19 22-Apr 24-Apr L20 29-Apr L21 1-May L22 6-May L23 8-May L24 13-May L25 15-May L26 5/19 - 5/23 Topic Reading Packet communications, DLC, error ... Timeline of modern communication Analog • 1876 - Bell Telephone Comm • 1920 - Radio Broadcast Systems • 1936 - TV Broadcast Digital Comm • • 1960’s - Digital communications 1965 - First

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... (t)e − jft dt = e 0 = 1 δ () t δ () ⇔ 1 0 Eytan Modiano Slide 4 1 jt jf Rectangle pulse t  1 ||< 1/ 2  t / / Π() =  12 | t |= 12   0 otherwise 12 Π ∞ 2 π / F[(t)] ... • Linearity – x1(t) <=> X1(f), x2(t) <=>X2(f) => α x1(t) + β x2(t) <=> α X1(f) + β X2(f) • Duality – X(f) <=> x(t) => x(f) <=> X(-t) and x(-f)<=> ... replication of the Fourier transform of the original separated by 1/Ts intervals -1/Ts -w w 1/Ts 2/Ts Eytan Modiano Slide 10 [...]... sample at a rate somewhat greater than 2W which makes

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... Slide 10 [...]... convergence is achieved Table 6.3 (p 299) gives optimal quantizer for Gaussian source E.g., N =4, – – D = 0 .11 75, H(x) = 1. 911 Recall: uniform quantizer, D= 0 .11 88, H(x) ... uniform quantizer, D= 0 .11 88, H(x) = 1. 9 04 (slight improvement) 1. 51 -0.9 816 -0 .45 28 Eytan Modiano Slide 12 - 1. 51 0 .45 28 0.9 816 Companders • Non-uniform quantizer can be difficult ... optimal quantizer for Gaussian source E.g., N =4, – – D = 0 .11 75, H(x) = 1. 911 Recall:... Slide 13 Log (1 + µ | x |) sgn(x) Log (1 + µ ) µ controls the level of compression µ = 255 typically

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... 011 , 011 1, 00, 010 , 1, 011 11 Dictionary Loc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 binary rep 0000 00 01 0 010 0 011 010 0 010 1 011 0 011 1 10 00 phrase null 0 01 011 011 1 00 010 1 011 11 Codeword ... 01 1 0 010 1 0 011 1 00 01 0 0 010 0 0000 1 010 0 1 loc-0 + ‘0’ loc -1 + 1 loc-2 + 1 loc-3 + 1 loc -1 +’0’ loc-2 + ‘0’ loc-0 + 1 loc-4 + 1 Sent sequence: 00000 00 011 0 010 1 0 011 ... ∑∑ log( ) log( ) log( ) log( ) 11 2 21 11 1 11 n i =       <+ =< +       =+ ≤< + == ∑∑ log( ) log( ) , , log( ) ( ) . , () () 11 1 1 11 1 11 pp Now npnp p HX Hence HX n HX

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... achieves 1 bit difference between adjacent levels • Example M= 8 (can be generalized) A 1 000 A 2 001 A 3 011 A 4 010 A 5 110 A 6 111 A 7 101 Eytan Modiano A 8 100 Slide 7 Bandpass ... efficiency Eytan Modiano Slide 14 M Two-dimensional signals • Si = (Si1, Si2) • Set of signal points is called a constellation S4 =( -1, 1) S2 =( -1, -1) S1= (1, 1) S3 = (1, -1) • 2-D constellations ... bits • E.g., M = 4 => A 1 = -3, A 2 = -1, A 3 = 1, A 4 = 3 – S i (t) = A i g(t) • Mapping of bits to signals Si b1b2 S 1 00 S 2 01 S 3 11 S 4 10 Eytan Modiano Slide 4 gt

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... signal S(t) Slide 10 [...]... distance between signal points 10 -1 orthogonal Pe antipodal 3dB 10 -5 Eb/N0 (dB) Eytan Modiano Slide 25 12 14 Probability of error for M-PAM S1 Si S2 SM = AM ... ττ τ Random Processes • The auto-correlation of a random process x(t) is defined as – R xx (t 1 ,t 2 ) = E[x(t 1 )x(t 2 )] • A random process is Wide-sense-stationary (WSS) if its mean and ... geometrically as S2 − Eb • • S1 Eb If S1 was sent then the received signal r = S1 + n If S2 was sent then the received signal r = S2 + n 1 − (r − fr | s (r | s1) = e πN0 1 − (r + fr | s (r | s2)

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... code, n = 6, k = 3, R = 1/2 000 →→ →→ 000000 100 →→ →→ 100101 001 →→ →→ 001011 101 →→ →→ 101110 010 →→ →→ 010111 110 →→ →→ 110010 011 →→ →→ 011100 111 →→ →→ 111001 • An (n,k) binary block ... 10 011 0 1 0 T H = 1 0  11 11 011 1 10 11 0 011 Suppose 011 1 is received, S = 10 , co-set leader = 10 00 Decode: C = 011 1 + 10 00 = 11 11 Eytan Modiano Slide 22 0 1  0 1  ... (2K+1) U (2K) U (2K-1) + + + + mod ( 2 ) addition ( 1+1=0 ) [...]... Standard array 1 0 1 0  H =  0 1 0 1  0000 10 00 010 0 11 00 010 1 11 01 00 01 10 01 1 010 0 010 11 10

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... 16 5 16 5 16 8 16 9 17 0 17 2 17 3 17 4 17 7 17 9 17 9 18 3 18 4 10 Conclusions and Future Work 10 .1 Reduced-Complexity Detection Techniques 10 .1. 1 Conclusions of Part I 10 .1. 2 Future ... 12 2 12 2 12 4 12 8 12 8 13 1 13 1 13 3 13 5 Channel Estima136 13 6 13 9 14 1 14 3 14 5 14 9 15 2 15 3 15 5 ... 10 0 10 0 10 1 10 3 11 1 11 3 11 6 12 1 Contents iv Angle-Domain MIMO-OFDM Systems 7 .1 Introduction 7.2 MIMO-OFDM Systems 7.3 Angle-Domain MIMO-OFDM Systems...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:12

... (n +1) -th frame n-th frame Sn ,1 Sn 1, N −2 Sn 1, N 1 Sn,0 + Sn ,1 Sn,N 1 Sn +1, 0 Sn,N 1 Sn +1, 0 + Sn 1, N −2 Sn 1, N 1 Sn,0 h2 rn 1, N −2 rn 1, N 1 rn,0 = rn ,1 Sn ,1 rn, N 1 Sn,N 1 ... channel 11 8 5 .1 The open-loop and closed-loop capacity for MIMO Systems 11 9 5 .1. 1 MIMO system model 11 9 5 .1. 2 MIMO system capacity 12 0 5 .1. 3 Numerical Results and discussion ... 10 2 .1. 1 Large scale propagation 11 2 .1. 2 Small scale propagation 13 2 .1. 3 Typical wireless channel models 17 2.2 OFDM systems 20 2.2 .1 Basic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:28

... Example: Send T = 11 010 1 011 Receive T’ = 11 010 1 011 (no errors) No way of knowing how many errors occurred or which bits are In error 10 01 110 1 010 11 10 01 010 00 10 01 00 011 01 10 01 010 01 10 01 000 => No ... 2r/G and T will be a multiple of G • Choice of G is a critical parameter for the performance of a CRC Example r = 3, G = 10 01 M = 11 010 1 => M2r = 11 010 100 0 10 01 110 011 11 010 100 0 10 01 010 00 10 01 ... Example: c1 = x1 + x2 + x3 c2 = x2 + x3 + x4 c3 = x1 + x2 + x4 Single Parity Check Code • The check bit is if frame contains odd number of 1' s; otherwise it is 10 110 11 -> 10 110 11 110 011 0 -> 11 0 011 0...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... 1. 1 Evolution of Cellular Mobile Communication Systems 1. 1 .1 Analogue First Generation Cellular Systems 1. 1.2 Digital Second Generation Cellular Systems 1. 1.3 Third ... 13 1. 3 .1 Multicarrier CDMA 13 1. 3.2 Space-Time Coding 16 iv 1. 4 Motivations 18 1. 4 .1 Performance and Capacity in the Presence of Carrier Frequency Offset 19 ... introduced 1. 1 Evolution of Cellular Mobile Communication Systems 1. 1 .1 Analogue First Generation Cellular Systems In the late of 19 70s and early 19 80s, various first generation (1G) cellular mobile communication...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... thay truyền dòng bit trực tiếp, truyền dòng bit 11 100 000 011 100 0 có nghĩa là, lặp lại bit ba lần Bây giờ, cho giả định dòng bit nhận 10 100 0 010 111 000 Hai lỗi giới thiệu kênh Nhưng còn, giải mã ... ứng với dòng bit: 11 0 11 0 10 11 1 Sơ đồ mã hóa yều cầu trung bình 1. 65 bits/ký tự Nếu mã hóa ký tự trực tiếp mà không xét đến xác suất, sơ đồ mã hóa là: AA 00 AB 01 BA 10 BB 11 Như cần bits/ký tự ... truyền âm với W = 310 0 Hz, SNR = 30 dB Theo trên, ta có: 30 = 10 log(S/N) log(S/N) = S/N =10 00 Vậy C= 310 0 log2 (1+ 100 0)=30.894 bps Vì vận chuyển liệu với tốc độ nhanh giá trị C được.Một điểm quan cần...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:13

... System and Results 14 3 14 3 14 5 14 8 14 8 15 1 15 2 15 2 15 3 15 4 15 4 15 6 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 9 15 9 16 1 16 2 16 2 16 3 16 4 16 4 16 5 16 5 16 6 16 7 16 8 16 9 16 9 16 9 17 0 17 2 17 5 17 5 17 6 17 7 17 9 18 1 18 2 18 2 18 3 CONTENTS ... Representation and Processing 83 87 88 88 91 93 94 96 96 97 10 2 10 4 10 6 10 6 10 8 10 9 11 0 11 1 11 2 11 2 Stereo Analysis Nicole Atzpadin and Jane Mulligan 11 5 7 .1 Stereo Analysis Using Two Cameras 7 .1. 1 Standard ... Curvature 12 .4.2 Magnification and Miniaturization Effects 18 5 18 6 18 7 19 0 19 1 19 3 19 3 19 4 19 4 19 5 19 8 19 9 2 01 202 202 202 204 205 205 206 207 208 209 210 210 212 214 214 217 219 219 220 220...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2013, 10:21

... In 19 47, a pilot saw c) There were over Worldwide in 19 52 d) In 19 54, a woman and her children saw house e) A farmer saw in 19 64 f) In 19 71, two men g) A pilot in 19 78 ... soil samples in 19 64 claimed they were captured by aliens and F- In 19 71, two men taken abroad a spacecraft and his plane disappeared after sighting G- A pilot a UFO in 19 78 that he saw ... hour 1, 500 UFO sightings C- There were over worldwide in 19 52 a UFO above their D- In 19 54 , a woman and her children saw house an egg-shaped object in one of his E- A farmer saw fields and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/06/2013, 01:27