1  an introduction to continuum

... prefer; both command-line and graphic clients exist, and anyone can write a new user interface to transfer files Where drivers are concerned, the same separation of mechanism and policy applies ... easier to develop and to adapt to particular needs For example, Unix management of the graphic display is split between the X server, which knows the hardware and offers a unified interface to user ... programs, and the window and session managers, which implement a particular policy without knowing anything about the hardware People can use the same window manager on different hardware, and different...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... melted by heat and flows into the two canvases When it cools the molecules of wax cease to move and begin to hold the canvases together This is a physical change Another physical change occurs when ... changes can happen you need to know what causes the atoms to break their bonds to form new patterns When a substance is heated the atoms and molecules move with increasing speed, and so, you can ... number of atoms on each side, it is necessary, therefore, to find the number of molecules which react together to balancing change methane and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water without any implied...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... 236,250 Inventory Flows Beginning Beginning balance balance + Additions Additions to inventory to inventory = Ending Ending balance balance + Withdrawals Withdrawals from from inventory inventory Quick ... lubricants and cleaning supplies used in the automobile assembly plant Wages paid to employees who are not directly involved in production work Examples: maintenance workers, janitors and security ... plans (Planning) (Planning) Comparing actual Comparing actual to planned to planned performance performance (Controlling) (Controlling) Decision Making Measuring Measuring performance performance...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... to create Standard Joints, and again, each has its own advantages and disadvantages Option – Use Automatic Convert Constraints to Standard Joints Advantage – This is by far the quickest way to ... CHAPTER An Introduction to Inventor Simulation Automatically convert standard joints and rolling joints Here , we will create automatic joints from assembly constraints and attempt to analyze ... sliding joint to complete the mechanism Select Insert Joint Select Sliding Cylinder on Plane joint from the list 28 To define Plane select edge of Slot-Case:1 CHAPTER An Introduction to Inventor Simulation...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:21

... can say that changes to the Earth’s geography can have natural or manmade causes, or a mix of both If it is a mix of causes, we usually not quite understand the changes fully We, humans, are an ... inquisitive breed We want to understand what is going on in our world, and this is why we study the phenomena of geographic change In many cases, we want to deepen our understanding, so that there ... The same software package that we used to this analysis could tomorrow be used to analyse forest plots in northern Thailand, for instance That would mean another GIS application, but using the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/10/2014, 10:09

... xác định xem chúng có sử dụng hiệu nguồn lực khan hay không Giới thiệu  Các dự án thể việc sử dụng nguồn lực hiệu theo ‘quan điểm tư nhân’ liên quan đến chi phí lợi ích nhiều người khác, không ... cần thẩm định theo quan điểm khác nhau? • Các quan điểm khác có liên quan với theo cách “mỗi phần phân tích có ‘đóng góp’ cho phần lại • Các mối quan hệ phần giúp việc kiểm tra tính quán việc thẩm ... trường    Phân tích tư nhân: tính giá trị dự án theo quan điểm tư nhân (giá thị trường) Phân tích hiệu quả: tính giá trị dự án theo quan điểm kinh tế (giá hiệu quả) Phân tích nhóm thụ hưởng:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 13:46

... and computations to prepare and analyse financial information © The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2010 AUDITING Analytical and logical skills Much more conceptual in nature The Demand for Auditing and ... Observations Auditors use (1) their knowledge about the transactions and/or (2) a sampling approach to examine the transactions It would be too costly for the auditor to examine every transaction © ... ‘Independent,’ and usually, the report is addressed to the stockholders of the company The audit report includes an introductory paragraph, a management’s responsibility paragraph, an auditor’s responsibility...

Ngày tải lên: 15/05/2017, 08:06

... mà anh chẳng quan tâm đến em, anh hoàn to n Bill: Được rồi, em bịt tai lại không thèm nghe lời anh nói tốt Anh nói anh yêu em Anh nói, anh đứng đây, anh cố gắng nói chuyện với em, em làm thể anh ... chuyện với Susan: Đó cảm giác em Anh biết nói “anh, anh, anh.” Anh biết đến cảm xúc - anh chẳng biết điều xảy với em hết Bill: Bởi em điếc Em không thèm nghe lời anh nói với em Em gạt anh sang bên ... quan Bill: Anh tiếc em cảm thấy tồi tệ Anh biết thật phiền to i phải nấu cơm đãi bạn anh tối nay, nóng Chắc em mệt - hay để anh thái nốt củ hành anh giở ngón nghề số để mát-xa cổ cho em nhé? Anh...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 22:35

... whose history before they came into occasional contact with the Romans is practically unknown These Germans, or barbarians, as the Romans called them, were destined to put an end to the Roman Empire ... that history teaches Historians sometimes seem to forget this principle, when they claim to begin and end their books at precise dates We find histories of Europe from 476 to 918, from 1270 to 1492, ... society; how the monks lived and what they did for mankind In short, the object of an introduction to mediæval and modern European history is the description of the most significant achievements of western...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 23:20

... which together with the optimal trajectory x∗ (·) satisfies an analog of Hamilton’s ODE from §4.1 For this, we will need an appropriate Hamiltonian: ∗ DEFINITION The control theory Hamiltonian is ... just to look for an optimal control α∗ (·) and an optimal trajectory x∗ (·) alone, but also to look as well for the costate p∗ (·) In practice, we add the equations (ADJ) and (M) to (ODE) and ... respect to s and set s = 0, to discover bT M k N = for k = 0, 1, 2, This implies b is orthogonal to the columns of G, and so rank G < n This is a contradiction to our hypothesis, and therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 12:20

... publisher before any part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval ... equal to, and greater than or equal to, as follows: x < y means that y - x is positive; y > x means that x < y; x y means that either x < y or x = y; y x means that x y Thus, we have x > if and ... centering on an important concept Several sections have been rewritten and reorganized to provide better motivation and to improve the flow of ideas As in the first edition, a historical introduction...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 16:19

... Third Manifesto, as well as in the book itself As noted earlier, The Third Manifesto also includes a definition of Tutorial D──although, to be frank, there shouldn't be any need to refer to that ... directly relevant to the topics at hand (End quote) The fact is, given the widespread availability and use of database systems today (on desktop and laptop computers in particular), many people ... into six parts), together with four appendixes, as follows: Part I : Preliminaries An Overview of Database Management Database System Architecture An Introduction to Relational Databases An Introduction...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... combination of a DC manager and a DBMS, in which the DBMS looks after the database and the DC manager handles all messages to and from the DBMS (or, more accurately, to and from applications ... system that manages stored files (it's "closer to the disk" than the DBMS is) It supports the creation and destruction of stored files and simple retrieval and update operations on stored records ... Defining backup and recovery procedures • Monitoring performance and responding to changing requirements This isn't an exhaustive list Copyright (c) 2003 C J Date page 2.6 2.8 The file manager is that...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... end-oftransaction Any updates made to the database by the transaction in question are "rolled back" (undone) and are never made visible to other transactions • A set-level operation is an operation ... simplifies to: ( ( S WHERE CITY = 'London' ) JOIN ( SP WHERE P# = P# ('P2') ) ) { S# } For further discussion and explanation, see Chapters 10 and 18 3.6 Atomicity means that transactions are guaranteed ... Further discussion of this issue and many related ones (and the problems such considerations can lead to) can be found in an article by myself, "A Sweet Disorder," due to be published soon on the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... operator and function To be specific, SQL uses function to mean an operator that's invoked by means of classical functional notation──or an approximation to that notation, at any rate!──and operator ... (and they don't allocate any storage) It is very unclear as to (a) why SQL allows some types not to have an "=" operator and (b) why it allows the semantics of that operator to be user-defined when ... preface) We'll be appealing to this particular distinction (between values and variables) many, many times in the chapters to come It's IMPORTANT, and a great aid to clear thinking Every value...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... expression transformation──aka "query rewrite"──harder to and less widely applicable), thereby leading to worse performance among other things We'll elaborate on this argument in Chapter ■ Another (and ... one ordering" doesn't mean we can't Copyright (c) 2003 C J Date argument that "n ways to of operators" (and n = is Of course, "no tuple ORDER BY but it does page 6.5 mean the result of ORDER ... "complicated" operator DIVIDEBY logically unnecessary (forward pointer to Chapter 7) Mention the IS_EMPTY shorthand (it is shorthand; to be specific, IS_EMPTY(r) is shorthand for r{} = TABLE_DUM)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... aggregate operators ALL and ANY, both of which operate on arguments consisting of boolean values; ALL returns TRUE if and only if all arguments evaluate to TRUE, ANY returns TRUE if and only if any argument ... aggregate operators COUNT, SUM, etc., are first mentioned Observe the important differences (both syntactic and semantic) in the treatment of such operators between Tutorial D and SQL Note too the aggregate ... thing as an An is a scalar expression and can appear wherever a scalar selector invocation──in particular, a scalar literal──can appear...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... ) AND PSB.MAJOR_P# = PSA.MINOR_P# AND PSC.MAJOR_P# = PSB.MINOR_P# AND AND PSn.MAJOR_P# = PS(n-1).MINOR_P# ) All of these result relations a., b., c., then need to be "unioned" together to ... textbooks──37 in all (!)──and found that: • Only one had an entire chapter devoted to the topic, and that chapter was structured and balanced very strangely (the sections were entitled "Domain Constraints,"* ... need to be able to quantify over relations instead of tuples, and we would therefore need a new kind of range variable, one that denoted relations instead of tuples The query therefore can't...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... TEACHER to OFFERING, ENROLLMENT to OFFERING, and OFFERING to COURSE are all properly maintained, the referential constraints from TEACHER to COURSE and ENROLLMENT to COURSE will be maintained automatically ... parameters and the predicate is thereby reduced to a proposition──and that proposition is then required to evaluate to TRUE The parameters in question stand for relvars Don't get into it yet, ... Relvar and database constraints are what we've been concentrating on in this chapter so far The difference between them isn't──and in fact can't be, thanks to The Principle of Interchangeability...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... selfexplanatory Note: Examples to illustrate various specific rules are left in the book as an exercise No answer provided Restrict: Also self-explanatory Note: The subsection says: "An attempt to ... first approach) is to different things depending on whether the join is one -to- one, many -to- one, or many -to- many In other words, the suggestion is that in certain circumstances we can "remove a proposition" ... become so ubiquitous that the unqualified term view has come to mean, almost always, a "materialized view" specifically! And so we no longer have a good term to use when we want to refer to a view...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21