part ii microbial nutrition growth and metabolism

... determined by molecular size and electrical charge Fenestrated endothelia are found in the capillaries of the gut and endocrine glands In the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), capillary ... ochre), accumulate in the membrane, and exit into the cytosol (blue area) Direction and speed of permeation depend on the relative concentrations in the fluid phases and the membrane The steeper the ... varies with age and body weight On a percentage basis, interstitial fluid volume is large in premature or normal neonates (up to 50 % of body water), and smaller in the obese and the aged The...

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2014, 00:20

... calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc and can therefore contribute to mineral deficiencies, as the minerals are not released from the phytate and are thus unavailable to the body Good and bad effects of ... bacteria and larger organisms Biofilms found on the hull of a ship consist of large organisms like barnacles, mussels, and host of other zooplankton and phytoplankton These biofilms slow a ship and ... reticulum and mitchondrial membranes have small amounts of cholesterol Detergents and Lysophospholipids O- Detergents are amphipathic molecules that can have charged or uncharged head groups and single...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 19:20

... FIGURES Figure 2-I Figure 2 -II Figure 2-III Figure 2-IV Figure 2-V Figure 2-VI Figure 2-VII Figure 3-I Figure 3 -II Figure 3-III Figure 3-IV Figure 3-V Figure 3-VI Figure 3-VII Figure 4-I Length scale ... arranged as the corners of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons (figure 2-III) Potential applications include use as lubricants and electrical conductors FIGURE 2-III C60 Buckminsterfullerene (also known ... MATERIALS AND NANOMATERIALS 2.9 As already noted (1.16 and 2.4), the properties and hence functionalities of nanomaterials can be very different from those of the bulk form and the component atoms and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... and Power Production in the United States: Emissions Trading and State-Level Initiatives in the Control of Acid-Producing Emissions, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide Daniel Sosland 175 203 PART III ... landscape and bringing these new and candidate members of the EU into full compliance with LRTAP standards A major source of pollutants that cause acid deposition in areas of eastern Canada and ... small streams and lakes in forested catchments in northern New England in the spring and summer as a function of NOy deposition onto the landscape Total acidifying emissions (Gg/year) and GDP (percent...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:43

... enables identification and quantification without derivatization and typically results in lower detection limits (below ng/L and ng/g for liquid and solid samples, respectively) and better precision ... al [4] and Thomas and Hilton [77] in the UK; Heberer et al [35] and Ternes et al [73] in Germany; Halling-Sørensen et al [34] in Denmark; Buser et al [10] and Tixier et al [77] in Switzerland; ... may apply NA (higher tier) Phase II tier B Yes logKOW ³4 in phase II tier A VICH II [81] Yes Limited authorisation with use restrictions and compulsory labelling and requirement of a safety data...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... nature and has set itself free of its constraints Agriculture and food security, erosion and salination, degradation of natural ecosystems, depletion and pollution of surface waters and aquifers, and ... areas of land We cannot manage effectively and sustainably that which we not know and thoroughly understand That is why the tasks of developing and disseminating sound knowledge of the soil and its ... and R R van der Ploeg 315 L LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW see HYDRODYNAMICS IN SOILS LANDFILLS see WASTE DISPOSAL ON LAND: Municipal LAND-USE CLASSIFICATION J A LaGro Jr 321 LAWES, JOHN BENNET AND...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... migration, hibernation and dormancy, and in plants, flowering and vegetative growth, and the direction of growth 4.4 Given the effects of light on living organisms, it is plausible, and even probable, ... existing National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the equivalent National Scenic Areas in Scotland seek to eliminate unnecessary outdoor light and to better design and manage that which ... Outstanding Natural Beauty and the equivalent National Scenic Areas in Scotland seek to eliminate unnecessary outdoor light and to better design and manage that which cannot be eliminated, and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... J W and P N Bartlett 1996 Performance definition and standardization of electronic noses Sensors and Actuators B 33: 60-67 Gardner, J W and P N Bartlett 1999 Electronic Noses Principles and Applications ... Hansen and Rindel • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (2000); Koe and Yang (2000) 84 - 100% Wuebker and Friedrich • n-Butanol (C4H10O) (1996) Hybrid bioreactor: 65 - 100% Yeom and Yoo (1999) • Biofilter and ... Weimar and W Göpel 1997 Odours and flavours identified with hybrid modular sensor systems Sensors and Actuators B 43: 24-33 A.Yuwono and P Schulze Lammers “Odor Pollution in the Environment and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... Berry, and Diana S Aga PART III Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water and Wastewater Chapter 10 Drugs in Drinking Water: Treatment Options 217 Howard S Weinberg, Vanessa J Pereira, and ... both wastewater and drinking water sources Therefore, the third section of this book, “Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water and vii © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC viii Fate of Pharmaceuticals ... Furlong, and Michael J Focazio Chapter Advances in the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment 53 Sandra Pérez and Damià Barceló Chapter Sample Preparation and Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... (Continued) WW 18 antimicrobials GW, SW 13 antimicrobials GW SW, WW 13 antimicrobials SW 13 antimicrobials and human metabolite WW neutral drugs SPE: (1) Oasis HLB, pH (2) Oasis HLB, pH and Na2EDTA; MeOH ... extraction and analysis of solid-bound pharmaceuticals 2.3.1 ANALGESICS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS Analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs are ubiquitous in wastewater effluents of municipal WWTPs36 and ... 57% and 67% for bezafibrate Low method limits of detection were reported for ibuprofen, diclofenac, and bezafibrate They were ng/L in ground and surface waters and ng/L in WWTP samples, and and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 16 FIGURE 3.2 UV chromatograms of a standard 1.0% humic acids after cleanup with (a) tC18 SPE, (b) HLB SPE, (c) tandem SAX and HLB SPE, and (d) tandem SAX and tC18 SPE (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 3.3 A ... Treatment Handbook, 1991 Cachan: Lavoisier Publishing Ternes, T.A., Andersen, H., Gilberg, D., and Bonerz, M., 2002 Determination of estrogens in sludge and sediments by liquid extraction and GC/MS/MS ... M.E., Meyer, M., and Thurman, E.M., 2001 Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solidphase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... of biomass and the growth rate was calculated on the basis of the cell counts The calculated biomass and growth rate of each concentration were compared to those of the controls, and the inhibition ... Gd–DTPA2– and Gd(HP-DO3A) produced no lethality up to 200 g/L, and Gd(CPA-DO3A)– produced lethality of 17% and 31% at 24-hour exposures of 100 g/L and 200 g/L.34 The toxicity of metals and their ... Assessment Technical Assistance Handbook: Technical Assistance Document 4.02: Microbial Growth Inhibition, Food and Drug Administration, 1987 29 Hoffmann, J and Viedt, H., Biologische Bodenreinigung—Ein...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Environment and in Water Treatment Systems reviews our understanding of the inputs of livestock medicines to the environment and synthesizes the available information on the fate and transport ... structure, pH, organic carbon content, and cation exchange capacity of the soil matrix; and climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall volume and intensity Most work to date on contaminant ... standard equations and a database containing information on three major agricultural species: cattle, pigs, and poultry The database also contains information on the agricultural practices and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... biosolids and wastewater effluents, which are disposed by land application and used to meet irrigation demands in arid regions Recent surveys of organic contaminants in wastewater effluents and biosolids ... the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems TABLE 6.1 (Continued) O Livestock growth promoter and prophylactic 916.11 7.7h Veterinary therapeutic; Livestock growth promoter and prophylactic ... with Kf and N values of 150 mol1–N kg–1 LN and 0.95 for Al-hydrous oxides and 59.1 mol1–N kg–1 LN and 0.85 for Fe-hydrous oxides, respectively, measured at an ionic strength of 0.01 M and pH 5.4.30...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Rabølle and Spliid (2000) performed a leaching study with tylosin in packed soil cores of two soil types: a sandy loam and a sandy type The Kd values described for those soils were 128 and 10.8, ... for low-level effects on soil microbial communities (Teeter and Meyerhoff, 2003) Each of the other tylosin factors (B and C), and even metabolites, can possess antimicrobial activity, which contributes ... rested firmly on the sand Soil columns were allowed to drain, and those with drainage times of 24 to 48 h were chosen for the experiment and were randomly divided among treatment and control groups...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Figure 8.2 pKa values are 2.4 and 7.4 and 1.8 and 6.0 for sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole, respectively.61 Sulfamethazine is a frequently used veterinary antibiotic, and in a previous study it ... Del Castillo, J., and Juneau, V., Sorption kinetics of chlortetracycline and tylosin on sandy loam and heavy clay soils, J Environ Qual., 35, 969, 2006 26 Weerasinghe, C.A and Towner, D., Aerobic ... manure and biosolids on plants grown on arable land: a review, Agric Ecosyst Environ., 93: 267, 2002 34 Batchelder, A.R., Chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline effects on plant growth and development...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... inhibition of plant growth and ultimately lower crop yields For example, enrofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is used in both human and veterinary medicine, inhibits root growth and leaf development ... 2, and days after plants were treated with CTC (A) Maize control (MCR) and CTC-treated (MTR) plants (B) Pinto bean control (PCR) and CTC-treated (PTR) plants Values represent the mean and standard ... not the only mechanism of detoxification in the Phase II pathway Glucosyl- and malonyltransferases are Phase II enzymes that add glucose and malonic acid to xenobiotics, respectively.19 These...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (log Kow = 3.06, 0.89, and 0.91, respectively) and is therefore more likely to partition onto solids and have higher removal rates Diclofenac, carbamazepine, bezafibrate, and ... Kim, S.D., Cho, J., Kim, I.S., Vanderford, B.J., and Snyder, S.A Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters, Water Res ... treatment and various industrial applications when production and distribution of water with high chemical and microbiological quality is required Processes such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... detected in two raw water samples at 1.0 and 1.4 ng/L and in two finished waters at 1.1 and 2.3 ng/L These values are near the MRL of 1.0 ng/L Progesterone and androstenedione were each detected in ... Roth, P., Effects of androgenic and estrogenic compounds on the experimental metamorphoses of amphibians Gynecol and Obstet 1948, 47, 164–176 Hignite, C and Azarnoff, D.L., Drugs and drug metabolites ... Faust, S.D and Hunter, J.V., Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1967 68 Gallard, H and von Gunten, U., Chlorination of phenols: Kinetics and formation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20