3 cell structure and organisation

... up into cells nor bound to cell surface structures and can, thus, be used to determine the extracellular fluid volume (2) Some lipophilic substances diffuse through the cell membrane and, as ... distribution (3) Body weight may be broken down as follows: Solid substance and and Solid substance structurally bound water structurally bound water 40% 20% 40% intracellular intracellular water ... pores and there is little transcytotic activity In order to cross the blood-brain barrier, drugs must diffuse transcellularly, i.e., penetrate the luminal and basal membrane of endothelial cells...

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2014, 00:20

... m( 2.3RT 2.3RT 2.3RT 2.3RT or * * o o ∆G – ∆G = m(∆G – ∆G ) and finally * ∆∆Go = m∆∆G Thus, the rate constant tracks the equilibrium constant for the two processes (see page 18-19 in Larson and ... (kJ/mol) (kJ/mol) (J/mol-K) C2H6 16 .3 -10.5 -88 20.5 -7.1 -92 C3H8 C4H10 24.7 -3. 3 -96 28.7 -2.1 -105 C5H12 C6H14 32 .4 -109 C6H6 19.2 +2.1 -59 Hydrocarbon The change in chemical ... acids CO2H CO2H CHO2H OH CHO2H OCH3 OCH3 OH OH (1) (2) (3) para-coumaric acid Syringic acid para-hydroxybenzoic acid Vanillic acid Ferulic acid CHO2H H3CO OH (4) OCH3 OH (5) Humus The chemistry of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 19:20

... Nanomaterials in the future Conclusions 3. 26 3. 32 3. 52 3. 57 3. 57 3. 58 3. 65 3. 66 33 34 39 40 40 40 43 44 3. 68 3. 77 3. 80 3. 87 3. 87 3. 104 3. 110 3. 119 45 46 47 48 48 51 53 54 Chapter THE CHALLENGES OF DESIGNING ... 1.21 1 .31 1. 43 1 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.14 2.17 2.19 2.22 2. 23 2.25 2.25 2 .32 2.41 2. 53 2.56 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 21 23 25 26 3. 1 3. 16 3. 20 3. 24 27 31 32 32 Chapter INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ... 2-III Figure 2-IV Figure 2-V Figure 2-VI Figure 2-VII Figure 3- I Figure 3- II Figure 3- III Figure 3- IV Figure 3- V Figure 3- VI Figure 3- VII Figure 4-I Length scale showing the nanometre in context...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... 87 88 98 100 1 03 104 107 158 160 160 161 250 252 294 List of Tables 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 4.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 10.1 13. 1 13. 2 13. 3a 13. 3b 13. 4a 13. 4b 13. 5 14.1 The links between sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide ... retention and number of days where flow=0 for the inflowing streams of two of the lakes 29 30 32 33 35 36 38 43 48 52 62 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 xii 5.1 5.2 5 .3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.2 6 .3 6.4 6.5 ... springer Library of Congress Control Number: 2006 930 618 ISBN-10: 0 -38 7 -37 561-9 ISBN- 13: 978-0 -38 7 -37 561-8 e-ISBN-10: 0 -38 7 -37 562-7 e-ISBN- 13: 978-0 -37 562-5 Printed on acid-free paper © 2007 Springer...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:43

... 12,2 83 0.00075 832 33 0 0.0017 0. 130 0 9.91 7.5 × 10−6 936 1,070 4.7 × 108 741 0.49 3. 71 27.9 0.0029 97 8,127 681,657 1.6 979 87,600 0.77 5.01 32 .6 0. 033 944 2 ,34 8 0.15 1. 03 6.96 0. 035 831 9.1 × 109 ... (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4614 -34 19-1 ISBN 978-1-4614 -34 73- 3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614 -34 73- 3 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012 931 97 © Springer Science+Business ... Chemosphere 36 :35 7 39 4 16 Ternes TA (1998) Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers Water Res 32 :32 45 32 60 Perspectives on Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment 13 17 Daughton...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... 28 29 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 38 38 38 39 40 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 43 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 46 47 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 51 53 53 Fractionation Based on Size, Charge, and Reactivity ... Research and Global Change .33 7 Summary 33 7 Further reading .33 8 Crusts 33 9 Biological 33 9 Introduction 33 9 Species Composition and ... Requirements 33 2 Summary 33 2 List of Technical Nomenclature 33 3 Further Reading 33 4 Crop-Residue Management 33 4 Introduction .33 4 Conservation,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... 789-800 36 Taiz, L and Zeiger, E (2006) Plant Physiolog y Fourth Edition Sinaner Associates Inc., US 37 Prosser, C.L (19 73) Comparative Animal Physiolog y W.B Saunders, New York 38 Ibid 39 Rich, C and ... nuisance legislation in England and Wales, and Scotland keep the legislation under review 3. 19 Because light at night has brought undisputable benefits, its use has expanded to the point where it ... Outstanding Natural Beauty and the equivalent National Scenic Areas in Scotland seek to eliminate unnecessary outdoor light and to better design and manage that which cannot be eliminated, and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... Chemistry 36 4: 499-505 Stuetz, R M., G Engin and R A Fenner 1998 Sewage odour measurements using a sensory panel and an electronic nose Water Science and Technology Vol 38 No .3 pp 33 1 -33 5 Stuetz, ... Cheng and J R Pan 2000 Biotreatment of H2S- and NH3containing waste gases by co-immobilised cells biofilter Chemosphere 41: 32 9 -33 6 Corsi, R L and D A Olson 1998 Emissions Model In Odor and VOC ... Douguchi, H Nakazumi and R I Waite 1996 A novel chemical sensor using CH3Si (OCH3 )3 sol-gel thin film coated quartz resonator microbalance Sensors and Actuators B 43: 31 2 -31 6 Nanto, H , N Dougami,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... 0.4-12.8 50 133 87 135 49 23 134 140 136 0.07 only 0. 13 only 0.211-0.86 (0.29) nd-0 .37 nd-0.091 nd-0.82 nd-0 .30 4 0.25 max nd-0.589 (0.15) 0 .37 -6 50 133 87 135 49 23 134 140 20 22 133 146 116 131 102 ... 0.0 23- 0. 033 23 46 47 53 126 53 22 nd-0.14 0.02-0. 03 0.109 ave 0.0 23 ave nd-0.044 nd-0. 038 0.01-0.027 23 46 47 53 40 53 0.01-0.02 0.279 ave nd-0.022 0.0 03- 0.027 23 46 121 119 0.006-0. 034 53 clotrimazole ... nd-0 .37 0.11-0 .35 (0.24) 0.018 med 0.22-0 .32 9 134 100 135 36 22 137 87 36 124 0.02 max 0.002 med Reference 20 102 122 116 102 36 22 122 36 nd-1 nd-0 .36 0.1 63 ave 0.098 ave nd-0.651 0 .34 only 0.0 23- 0. 033 ...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... rivers Water Res 32 :32 45 37 Ternes, T.A., Stumpf, M., Schuppert, B., and Haberer, K 1998 http://scholar.google com/url?sa=U&q=http://cat.inist.fr/%3FaModele%3DafficheN%26cpsidt%3D2192 137 , Vom Wasser ... MeOH (+2% NH3) [Stationary phase optimization] SPE: Oasis-MCX, pH 3; MeOH/NH3 (19:1) GC-MS and LC-(+)ESI-MS/MS 36 –151 IDL: 1.8– 13 ng/L [29] LC-(+/–)ESI-IT-MS >60 Except for lofepramine and mefenaminic ... chloroquine and chlosantel MQL: 10–50 ng/L [30 ] MDL: 1–20 ng/L IQL: 20–105 pg [32 ] MQL: 5–25 ng/L [33 ] LC-(+/–)ESI-IT-MS LC-(+/–)ESI-MS/ MS and LC-QqToF-MS 60–75 except for fenofibrate (36 ) Advances...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Pollution 32 (3 4): 31 5 32 1 12 Sithole, B.B and Guy, R.D., 1987 Models for tetracycline in aquatic environments I Interaction with bentonite clay systems Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 32 (3 4): 30 3 31 4 ... Environmental Science and Technology 35 (17): 33 97 34 06 10 Albert, A and Rees, C.W., 1956 Avidity of the tetracyclines for the cations of metals Nature (London, United Kingdom) 177: 433 – 434 © 2008 by Taylor ... FIGURE 3. 2 UV chromatograms of a standard 1.0% humic acids after cleanup with (a) tC18 SPE, (b) HLB SPE, (c) tandem SAX and HLB SPE, and (d) tandem SAX and tC18 SPE (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 3. 3 A solution...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Gd–DTPA2– and Gd(HP-DO3A) produced no lethality up to 200 g/L, and Gd(CPA-DO3A)– produced lethality of 17% and 31 % at 24-hour exposures of 100 g/L and 200 g/L .34 The toxicity of metals and their ... Cell Numbers (cells/mL × 1 03) at 72 h 30 00 105 FIGURE 4.6 Inhibition of the growth rate and the biomass of Desmodesmus subspicatus [%] and cell numbers (cells/mL x 1 03 ± SD) of Desmodesmus subspicatus ... acid Gadofosveset log K = 22.5 230 log K = 21.7 530 log K = 23. 4 631 and log K = 22.0 632 Even if small amounts of the chelates would decomplex, the resulting free ligands would not necessarily be...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Maximum 17650 295 530 0 — 30 000 — 61000 39 26 23 134 49 838 0000 889 815.5 47 441 43 81 60554 60 40000 4270.5 8508.5 296.1 125 219 75.5 144 — 16506 5778 460000 229 631 38 — 46 27792 — — 5 53 184 62.2 — — ... Germany US US UK Germany US Italy 42 42 37 58 48 48 58 48 59 48 61 42 59 57 48 48 60 37 42 42 42 37 59 59 48 42 59 57 1.08 8.6 254 30 5 0.8 15 12 .3 32.2 39 .6 295

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... promoter and prophylactic OH CH3 CH3 O O O HO CH3 H3C O O CH3 H 3C OH CH3 CH3 Tylosin O H3C CH3 O H3C O HO O O H3C H3C CH3 CH3 N HO H3C O O O O CH3 O O O CH3 H3C OH OH OH CH3 Erythromycin O H3C H3C ... and prophylactic Ionophore 590.80 2.6f Livestock growth promoter and prophylactic CH3 H CH3 O H O H O CH3 H3C HO H O O H H3C CH3 O HO O H3C CH3 HO H3C OH Lasalocid CH3 H3C O H H CH3 H CH3 CH3 ... Antibiotic Molecular Weight (g mol–1) CH3 OH OH H3C OH H3C H3C O CH3 CH3 O O CH3 O N CH3 HO CH3 O O CH3 CH3 O H3C OH Carbadox O– H N N+ O CH3 N O N+ O– Olaquindox O– N+ CH3 H N N+ O– OH O © 2008 by Taylor...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... at 31 .3% of O CH3 R1 H3C H 3C O HO OR2 HO OH N(CH3)2 H3C O OCH3 O O CH3 O OH OH O O O CH3 CH3 CH3 FIGURE 7.1 Chemical structure of tylosin including factors: A (R1=CHO, R2=CH3); B (TYL A minus ... quality criteria of 126 cells/100 mL for E coli and 33 cells/100 mL for enterococcus (U.S EPA, 20 03) It is likely that preferential flow played a role in the transport of tylosin and bacteria through ... of veterinary antibiotics through a clay soil and comparison with field data Environ Pollut 134 :33 3 34 1 Kelley, T.R., Pancorbo, O.C, Merka, W.C., and Barnhart, H.M 1998 Antibiotic resistance of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 2007 33 Jjemba, P.K., The potential impact of veterinary and human therapeutic agents in manure and biosolids on plants grown on arable land: a review, Agric Ecosyst Environ., 93: 267, 2002 34 ... L., Cozzolino, S., and Fiori, M., Phytotoxicity to and uptake of enrofloxacin in crop plants, Chemosphere, 52, 1 233 , 20 03 39 Makris, K.C., Shakya, K.M., Datta, R., Sarkar, D., and Pachanoor, D., ... carbamazepine and its metabolites in aqueous samples using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry Anal Chem., 75, 37 31, 20 03 63 Mọrtlbauer, E., Usleber, E., Schneider, E., and Dietrich,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 60 Glutathione S-Transferase + 40 H3C Cl H3C O OH COOH H N O N N H NH2 CH2 O S H3C H3C OH N CH3 OH CH3 NH2 OH OH O OH OH O O NH2 20 OH O OH OH O O 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Time (min) (B) ... Abundance 80 D 60 H3C Cl H3C OH OH N C B O OH OH O A [M695–Glu]+ CH3 O OH H2 NH S C NH2 O 566 O m/z 695 [M695–(Glu+H2O+NH3)]+ 40 531 402 20 602 695 [M695–H2O]+ 620 677 250 30 0 35 0 400 450 m/z 500 ... 100 COOH O H N NH2 Relative Abundance 80 CH2 O N H3C 60 659 CH3 H3C S OH OH D A B C NH2 40 OH OH O OH O O 20 –18 506 –129 404 200 250 30 0 35 0 677 530 m/z 677 400 450 m/z 500 550 600 650 700 (C)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Res 2005, 39 , 36 07 36 17 31 Sithole, B.B and Guy, R.D Models for oxytetracycline in aquatic environments II Interaction with humic substances, Water Air Soil Pollut 1987, 32 , 31 5 32 1 32 Haas, C.N., ... Bronchodilator (3) 20 0.050 (3) (8) 0.0 03 (4) 2.9 Cytostatic >90 (3) 0.018 (9) 0.086 (3) 0. 831 (7) (6) 0. 035 (6) 219 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 220 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and ... H.C., and Jorgensen, S.E Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment—a review, Chemosphere 1998, 36 , 35 7 39 3 Daughton, C.G and Ternes, T.A Pharmaceuticals and personal...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 236 .3 191 .3 284.7 296.2 252 .3 733 .9 288.4 272.4 270.4 296.4 30 9 .3 258.4 250 .3 299.4 206 .3 791.1 57- 53- 4 51218-45-2 81-14-1 22204- 53- 1 64 93- 05-6 57- 83- 0 7 23- 46-6 115-96-8 58-22-0 33 80 -34 -5 738 -70-5 ... 14 13 13 12 11 2 1 1 1 90 75 75 70 65 65 60 55 35 25 20 10 10 5 5 5 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.1 2.6 1.1 1 .3 14 1.1 1.1 1 .3 17 20 43 1 .3 30 430 13 6.7 32 31 83 5.7 19 6.5 160 2 .3 1.1 1 .3 17 20 43 1 .3 5.1 ... to Oxidation O O– N H3C Cl CH3 H3C CH3 O O O N CH3 CH3 Cl O P O O– Musk Ketone Cl O TCEP Ketone Structure CH3 CH3 H H3C O CH3 H CH3 H H O FIGURE 11.8 OH CH3 H H CH3 H H O Androstenedione O H H...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20