— the mechanical and thermal energy equations

... calculate the uniaxial tensile stress r33, we apply a small strain increment g3 along the c axis and then conduct structural optimization for the lattice vectors perpendicular to the c axis, and all the ... Ti2-O6 bond After the bond breaks, the system converts into a planar structure with alternating layers On the other hand, Fig 3a and b show that the valence charge density becomes more and more unsymmetrical ... strain g3, and the inset reflects the relation between strains g3 and g1 b Elastic constants as a function of stress r33 rc = 3.26 GPa and then gradually increases, promising a large electromechanical...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... from the weight of the samples before and after swelling as follows: Gel fraction ¼ W2 =W1 ð1Þ where W1 is the initial weight of the polymer and W2, the weight of the insoluble portion of the ... 1a–b compares the particle size distribution (PSD) of the control SBR and NR lattices and their sulfur prevulcanized gels, as determined by the DLS method, respectively The gels and the virgin SBR ... SBR matrix and SBS gels were mixed with NR at a given concentration, to investigate their effect on the morphology, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of raw SBR and NR Morphology...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... comprehensively as they have the potential to harness the advantageous properties of both polymer and ceramics (mainly Ca-P), and thereby improve the biochemical and mechanical properties of the bone tissue ... hypothesis and objectives Having the above mentioned challenges in mind the following hypothesis can be formed: “To further improve the range of bone TE applications we need to improve the mechanical and ... is the mechanical properties of the scaffold must be sufficient to withstand in vivo stress and loading [13] and the choice of material should have a degradation and resorption rate so that the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... Results and Analysis 88 3.5.1 Experimental validation of the maximum power point operation of the thermal energy harvesting circuit 89 3.5.2 Efficiency of the thermal energy ... (nKT)/q is the thermal voltage, where n is the ideality factor, K is the Boltzmann constant, T is the panel temperature in Kelvin and q is the electron charge Resistor Rs and Rp represents the losses ... to understand the performance and characteristics of the solar panel before designing the energy harvesting scheme [36] and [37] In this Section, the solar panel characteristics and the performance...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:55

... coincidence of the following two mathematical obstacles: the presence of the high derivatives in the Lagrangian , and the fact that the field xµ (τ, σ) is defined on the finite strip σ π , and −∞ < ... integrations The Z-terms in formula (9) for δS can be regarded as a contribution from the corner points of the rectangle R For the closed string they cancel each other However, for the open string they ... which has boundaries The classical equations of the motion and the boundary conditions for the open rigid string follow from the requirement δS = ⇔ Λµ (τ, σ) = 0, (10) for the any variation δxµ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 14:20

... The surface morphology of the as-produced, functionalized MWCNTs and the fractured surface of the nanocomposites 123 Figure shows the FTIR spectra of acid and amino functionalized MWCNTs In the ... Morphology of the MWCNTs Figure 5(a–c) shows the SEM micrographs of the MWCNTs of the as-produced and the functionalized tubes As seen from Fig 5a, the raw MWCNTs are produced in the form of agglomerated ... strong bonding of the tubes with the matrix which resulted in *50% improvement in the TS and 35% improvement in the YM over the neat polyimide films The electrical conductivity of the MWCNT reinforced...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... Guide to Reading the Thesis For the thesis examiners, I include here a guide to point out the main flow and to list the results in the thesis to facilitate an easy access to the thesis There are several ... expressions The directions are: Landauer-like theory, kinetic theory and Green-Kubo linear response theory This thesis is concerned with using NEGF to generalize the directions of Landauer-like theory and ... in the Thesis The derivation of the exponent in the influence functional The checking of the Landauer energy conservation sum rule in the appendix It is not exactly an incomplete derivation, the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:57

... where X is the long-run average for the statistic and 35 is three times the standard deviation of the statistic If the statistic follows the normal distribution (and nearly all will, due to the central ... to the transmission team They may then break their requirements out to fuel injection, piston, gear, and any other suppliers This assures that the voice of the customer is deployed throughout the ... presents the basic form of the HOQ Fig 72.5 The House of Quality (HOQ) and its major elements The A-I matrix starts with either raw (verbatim) or restated customer WHATs and their priorities The...

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2013, 01:18

... 30-foot seas, and hypothetically put two of the rig’s six thrusters out of commission Then they set the simulator to manual mode and let another visitor work the hand controls to maintain the rig’s ... lost And knowing the people of the Gulf, we are certain that they not want to spend years living off payments from BP Then there is the natural ecosystem itself, the marshes and beaches, the fish, ... links our demand for oil to the complexity of the technology we use to find and produce petroleum, our economic and energy return on energy production, the complexity of our society, and our ability...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 18:20

... include the characteristics of the heatsink itself, the clip used to hold the heatsink to the processor, the thermal interface material between the heatsink and the processor, and the length of the ... AMD Thermal, Mechanical, and Chassis Cooling Design Guide x 23794H—November 2002 Revision History 23794H—November 2002 AMD Thermal, Mechanical, and Chassis Cooling Design Guide AMD Thermal, Mechanical, ... Socket A-Based Processor Thermal Requirements AMD Thermal, Mechanical, and Chassis Cooling Design Guide 23794H—November 2002 Table shows the thermal solution design target for the AMD Duron processor...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... contraction and instantaneous atrial volume) The pressure of the point at the bottom right corner of the loop is the pressure in the ventricle at the end of the cardiac cycle and is called the end-diastolic ... rises and falls during each beat and this underlies the cyclic rise and fall of muscle force The greater the peak calcium the greater the number of potential actin-myosin bonds, the greater the ... understanding of the heart as a muscular pump and of the interaction between the heart and the vasculature The concepts of contractility, preload and afterload are paramount to this understanding and will...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... based on the characteristics of different mills Increasing the thermal energy efficiency and implementing these pathways will alter the whole mills energy balance, not only the thermal energy balance, ... an economic and/ or CO2 reduction potential point of view Enough technical and economic data available at the start of the thesis work The focus is on thermal energy efficiency and thermal integration ... within the energyintensive industry, the energy use is mainly related to the production processes rather than the support processes and thus the process of changing the energy use demands strategic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... and [33] the authors set up the mathematical framework to study the viscous primitive equations for the atmosphere and ocean circulation Moreover, similar to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, they ... account for the buoyancy forces and stratification effects under the Boussinesq approximation Moreover, and due to the shallowness of the oceans and the atmosphere, i.e., the depth of the fluid layer ... (79) Therefore T∗ = ∞, and the solution (v, T ) exists globally in time Next, we show the continuous dependence on the initial data and the the uniqueness of the strong solutions Let (v1 , T1 ) and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:21

... energy input, and an energy output /energy input ratio of 8.85), and lower but similar for the HI and RI systems (377 kg per GJ–1 and 6.79 ratio) The authors conclude that organic management and ... related WRI standard on land use change [21] Others being used include the guidelines of the IPCC [12] and the eco-balance guidelines (ISO 14040 and 14044) [22] Generally, agreement that these differences ... representing organic and conventional farms located in alpine, upland and lowland regions Notably, and rather innovatively, the authors included an estimate for GHG impacts of the estimated land use change...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... condensation shockwave • The combination of these mechanisms provide unsurpassed homogenous mixing, agitation and heating of the process fluid • Claim delivers up to 50% energy savings and reduced processing ... flow and condensation shockwave, • Generated from the injection of high velocity steam • Steam is introduced into a special annular "conditioning" chamber that is wrapped around the core of the ... core of the PDX Reactor unit • It is injected into the process fluid at supersonic conditions generating high levels of shear and turbulence within the process fluid, PDX® Reactor • Leads to creation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... exposure of the child to smoke during peak cooking times, reported hours spent near the stove, and whether the child is carried on the |9 Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air ... of energy | 19 Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor Implications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures intervention | Policy andthe ... pollution in the home respond to the problems they face and the opportunities they have for change Such experience as exists suggests that the key to success is to broaden the range of secure and sustainable...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... use, and there is considerable data supporting the relationship between pricing and taxing of alcohol products and their consumption The main point of relevance to the question of the impact of these ... both the poor and the rich were small and comparable.5 The authors noted that one goal of price policy would be to reduce the fat intake of the rich but not adversely affect protein intake of the ... for the poor and -0.49 for the rich The greatest elasticities of protein intake were those with respect to pork prices for both the poor (-0.26) and the rich (-0.18) A decrease in fruit and vegetable...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... (ADt) The energy consumption for the model mill is shown in Table I; the energy production is shown in Table II; and the purchased energy consumption is shown in Table III The process design for the ... approach the lower energy demand of the model mills through an energy efficiency program The monograph Energy Cost Reduction in the Pulp and Paper Industry contains a detailed examination of best energy ... older and modernized mills have greater energy consumption than the modern mill Also, there is little difference in the energy consumption for older and modernized kraft mills The first and third...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... determine whether the crystalline structure is triclinic or monoclinic, since their position and relative intensity is very similar On the other hand, the intensity distribution of the diffraction ... oxide The two bands at 270 and 327 cm−1 had been assigned to O W O bending modes of the bridging oxide, while the 712 and 807 cm−1 bands are the corresponding stretching modes [24,25] Moreover, the ... i.e the binding energy of the W 4f7/2 , FWHM and relative contribution of the two oxidation states All the samples exhibit identical binding energies of around 35.7 and 34.2 eV for the W6+ and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:11

... II XIs from the mesophiles E coli (ECXI) and Bacillus licheniformis (BLXI), for the moderate thermophile Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes (TTXI), and for the hyperthermophile Thermotoga ... can explain these variations in stability, although the more thermophilic class II XIs contain additional prolines and fewer thermally labile asparagine and glutamine residues [26,30] The crystal ... [20–23] and have been shown to be essentially identical, which explains the similar biochemical and thermostability properties of these enzymes [7] Comparisons between the structures of the most thermostable...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20