— largest group using computers and implementing information systems

... DANH MỤC HÌNH Chương 11: Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems Nguyên lý mục tiêu học tập  Quản lý tri thức cho phép tổ chức chia kiến thức ... học kiến thức thay đổi thủ tục hướng tiến cận kết (Is based on learning new knowledge and changing procedures and approaches as a result) o Microsoft đề nghị số lượng lớn công cụ quản lý tri thức ... cá nhân, tiến trình chương trình khác Hệ chuyên gia (Expert Systems) a Tổng quan o Hệ chuyên gia máy tính hóa (Computerized expert systems)  Được phát triển để dự đoán vấn để, kiện tương lai...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2013, 11:06

... question containing several clauses of given information and no clauses defining specific attributes of the missing information Clauses containing information characterized by category (3) will ... academic prose to avoid identification of a g e n t and to lend a scientific flavor to the t e x t 68 "projects using oceanography research" given information The three parts assembled into a natural ... English version of the parser's output If the tree is not divided into given and new information, the flattening and transfor,mtlonal rules can be applied to produce a question that is not in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... measured using contextual information Specificity Measuring Methods In this section, we describe information theory like methods using compositional and contextual information Here, we call information ... If two terms X and Y are terms in same category and X is nested in Y as W1XW2, then X is base term, and W1 and W2 are modifiers of X For example two terms, “diabetes mellitus” and “insulin dependent ... conclusions are drawn in section Information for Term Specificity In this section, we describe compositional information and contextual information 2.1 Compositional Information By compositionality,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... (Ohno and Hamanishi, 1981), and also describe a method of syntactic role determination using the extracted knowledge The system architecture is shown in Figure Extraction of Statistic Information ... frequency f at Lt, and represents the standard deviation above the average of frequency fave,t Referring to Smadja's definition (Smadja, 1993), the standard deviation at at Lt and strength kf,t ... CFPjs to produce an average frequency fave,t and standard deviation at Through experimentation, we decided the threshold of standard deviation a0,t and strength of frequency k0,t as shown in Table...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... Combined, Statistics and D i c t i o n a r y represent the methods using both statistics and dictionary, only statistics and only dictionary, respectively Both C o m b i n e d and Dictionary use ... mutual information and t-score because the relaxation of parameters can be controlled in a sophisticated manner Mutual information represents the similarity on the occurrence distribution and t-score ... methods(Kay and Roscheisen, 1993) Our basic data structure is the alignable sentence matrix (ASM) and the anchor matrix (AM) ASM represents possible sentence correspondences and consists of ones and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... Figure 1: Outline of the MIR system using lyrics and melody It is easy to split the input singing voice into musical notes using time alignment information, and a hypothesis can be verified from ... In this paper, we propose a new MIR system using lyrics and melody information models If the system only has one step which uses both lyrics and melody information, the retrieval performance may ... recognition using two kinds of models—an acoustic model and a language model An HMM [6] is the most popular acoustic model, and it models the acoustic feature of phonemes On the other hand, bigram...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... PART I GIS and expert systems for impact assessment The potential of expert systems and GIS for impact assessment Expert systems and decision support 27 GIS and impact assessment 52 GIS and environmental ... Geographical Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) to handle information on land use and land cover from maps derived from aerial photography Jack Dangermond had started ESRI (Environmental Systems ... Croswell, P.L.C and Kevany, M.J (1991) Geographic Information Systems: A Guide to the Technology, Van Nostrand, New York Campbell, H and Masser, I (1994) Geographical Information Systems and Organisations,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... emergence and growth, and identify some aspects which explain their popularity in the 1970s and 1980s but which, when put in the context of other improving computer tools and of more demanding and ... new field in itself after Rumelhart and McClelland (1989) – a good and concise discussion of theoretical and practical issues can be found in Dayhoff (1990) – and today it is one of the fastest ... another class), their elements and their characteristics, using attribute relationships like “colour” and “shape”, and functional relationships like “is a”, “part of” and “instance of” (Figure 2.2)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... Chernobyl) in the UK, and Evers and Most (1996) localise and map emissions from landfills in the Netherlands for their Emission Inventory System of that country, and Longhorn and Moreira Madueno ... 459–68 Siderelis, K.C (1991) Land resource information systems, in Maguire, D.J., Goodchild, M.F and Rhind, D.W (eds) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications, Longman, London, ... Wetland Mitigation Sites Using a GIS, Proceedings of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (August 7–11), Vol I, pp 594–607 Brun, S.E and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... with John Glasson 84 GIS and expert systems for IA use remote sensing to map fallow land, and Allanson and Moxey (1996) map agricultural land-use changes in England and Wales; Pratt et al (1997) ... planning policies on landscape change, and Namken and Stuth (1997a,b) analyse and model (using map algebra) the effects on landscape of grazing pressures on land Mendonca-Santos and Claramunt (2001) ... Glasson GIS and environmental management 97 Amissah-Arthur, A., Mougenot, B and Loireau, M (2000) Assessing Farmland Dynamics and Land Degradation on Sahelian Landscapes Using Remotely Sensed and Socioeconomic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... exchange and integration Wales and South West RRL (Town Planning, Cardiff University), see also Green et al (1989): • information systems; • GIS and expert systems; • Artificial Intelligence and remote ... Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Vol 18, No 4, pp 233–42 Fischer, M.M and Nijkamp, P (1992) Geographical Information Systems and Spatial Modelling: Potentials and Bottlenecks, Proceedings ... and Nijkamp, P (1993) Design and Use of GIS and Spatial Models, in Fischer, M.M and Nijkamp, P (eds) op cit., Ch 1, pp 1–13 Fischer, M.M and Nijkamp, P (1993) (eds) Geographical Information Systems, ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... odours dust and particulate matter Waste disposal treatment Soil and land loss of agricultural land soil contamination 10 Landuse and planning plans and planning policies 11 Material assets and resources ... of dust and particulate matter LAND USE AND PLANNING: – potential discrepancies with the local plans and planning policies GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY: – the geological suitability to withstand the ... The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations 1999, Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions No 293 Glasson, J., Therivel, R and Chadwick,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... preliminary works, demolitions and site clearance, using breakers and earth-moving plant, lorries, mobile cranes, etc.; piling and foundations, using piling plant and excavators, loaders, concrete ... fences or screens; using buildings as screens; using spoil and stockpiles as screens (particularly during construction); using “bunding” to absorb/reflect rail noise; landscaping and tree-planting ... opinion and guidance On the other hand, and more important at this stage, the relative sensitivity of the various locations must be assessed in terms of public opinion, and local authorities and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... of Morris and Therivel, 2001): A – Woodland and scrub B – Grassland and marsh C – Tall herb and fern D – Heathland E – Mires F – Swamp, marginal and inundation G – Open water H – Coastlands I – ... preliminary desk study: landform, landcover and landscape features On the other hand, a more subjective approach is used to determine the “character” and quality of the landscape – and this is why it ... area into landscape units, broadly homogeneous landscape areas identified in terms of: • • • landform: slope, valleys, ridges, etc landcover: vegetation, land uses, woodland, etc landscape features:...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... Socio-economic and traffic impacts 281 (c) housing construction/renovation trends (from “Local Housing Statistics” in England and Wales and “Housing Trends” in Scotland); (d) availability of temporary ... area are crucial, and from them other projections are made of demand for housing, schooling, health care and other services Geographic information systems can be used as a storage and “synthesizer” ... (present and future) of the system for extra jobs and extra demand for services; and (ii) to understand how the local population feel about the situation and the incoming change This should give an...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... the sea and inland (Thompson and Lee, 2001): • • • Inland, the rainwater catchment area – defined by the land sloping towards the coastline – can be used to define the area of study, and GIS ... al., 1997a and 1997b; Picton and Costello, 1997) for both littoral and sublittoral surveys Phase aims at identifying and quantifying species and communities of various types (see Thompson and Lee, ... digital form and include depth and thickness of strata Using such maps in conjunction with Ordnance Survey maps, standard GIS Digital Terrain Models can be built, from which slopes and directions...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... heritage/archaeology and landscape, or between air and river pollution – but such similarities are rare Impacts are even expressed in totally different units and forms – from decibels to square metres of land, ... report 12.2 CONCLUSION: THE LIMITS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS AND GIS The potential “on paper” of new technologies such as expert systems and GIS for a fast-expanding field of professional work like impact ... transfer (within and/ or between organisations) implicit in expert systems, seen in this respect as ideal “enabling” tools And GIS are built to deal quickly and accurately with geographical information, ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... get information at the tract or block group level The user can even see the information displayed on a map The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development provides GIS software and ... customized tables), and (c) provide this information to local nonprofit community-based groups at low or no cost This can include local non-profit community groups that are collecting and processing ... definition is the use of GIS by environmental groups Environmental concerns centre around natural systems rather than social systems, and many of these systems operate on a large scale, e.g air pollution,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:22

... Syndrome’, Geographical Systems 2(2): 83–101 Craig, W J and Elwood, S (1998) ‘How and why community groups use maps and geographic information , Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25(2): 95–104 ... ‘Who is designing geographic information systems for the public?’ Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, pp 37–45 Elwood, S and Leitner, H (1998) ‘GIS and community-based planning: ... perspectives and needs’, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25(2): 77–88 Harris, T and Weiner, D (1996) ‘GIS and society: the social implications of how people, space, and environment...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:22

... unforeseen demand for industrial land and, consequently, in conflicts between existing inhabitants and newcomers In a short time, complaints about noise and truck traffic were commonplace, causing industrial ... throughout California and the United States to move to the Bay Area Bay Area cities were not able to provide an adequate housing supply for this new demand, and consequently requests for housing permits, ... This network provided job training and placement, built affordable housing, served small businesses, provided healthcare and childcare, and provided recreation and education programmes for inner-city...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:22