— empirical design of masonry pg c 40

... writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with ... the introduction of structural codes of practice which made it possible to calculate the necessary wall thickness and masonry strengths on a more rational basis These codes of practice were based ... be capable of resisting conceivable but improbable accidents which would result in catastrophic damage, such as impact of a large aircraft It is, on the other hand, accepted that there is uncertainty...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... replacing lime with a plasticizer Calcium silicate and concrete units not contain significant amounts of sulphate compared to clay bricks However, concrete bricks of minimum 30 N/mm2 strength ... 2.8 USE OF PIGMENTS On occasion, coloured mortar is required for architectural reasons Such pigments should be used strictly in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer since excessive ... the air to change calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate Semi-hydraulic lime will harden in wet conditions as a result of the presence of small quantities of compounds of silica and alumina It...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... • • • • Section General Section Basis of design Section Materials Section Design of masonry Section Structural detailing Section Construction The clauses in ENV 1996–1–1 are of two categories, ... a benefit of about 10% for using bricks satisfying the requirement of ‘special’ category of manufacture and of about 20% for meeting this category of construction control The effect of adopting ... which may be prescribed The code also calls for compressive strength tests on the mortar to be used in order to meet the requirements of ‘special’ category of construction control Characteristic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... the possible inclusion of diagonal reinforcement, which is uncommon in reinforced masonry sections A section is included on the design of reinforced masonry deep beams which may be carried out by ... effective thickness of a cavity wall in which the leaves are connected by suitable wall ties is determined using: (5.7) 5.5 CALCULATION OF ECCENTRICITY In order to determine the value of the eccentricity, ... and columns reduces to the determination of the value of the characteristic compressive strength of the masonry (fk) and the thickness of the unit required to support the design loads Once fk...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... factor so that the eccentricity can be reduced to 0.0049 and Slenderness ratio As for section (a) Design vertical load resistance In this section the value of Φi=0.90 must replace the value of ... modification factor for area • Narrow masonry wall Wall is one brick thick; modification factor=1.15 Required value of fk Selection of brick/mortar combination Use Fig 4.1 to select a suitable brick/mortar ... Determination of fk We have design vertical load =design vertical load resistance Modification factors for fk • Horizontal cross-sectional area of wall=0.1025×4.25=0.44 m2 Since A>0.2 m2, no modification...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... Panel thickness=110mm Characteristic strength of panel=10N/mm2 Partial safety factor for masonry= 3.1 Section modulus for each column=600 cm3 Section modulus for each beam=800 cm3 Yield stress of steel=250N/mm2 ... the design strengths of the material in compression and shear The design of the beam would be carried out in accordance with the relevant code of practice 8.2 8.2.1 INTERACTION BETWEEN WALL PANELS ... hinges as occur in reinforced concrete ©2004 Taylor & Francis of the panel into which it is divided by the fracture lines is in equilibrium under the action of external forces and reactions along...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... collapse could be introduced in two ways: • Design against the occurrence of accidental damage • Allow accidental damage to occur and design against progressive collapse The first method would clearly ... interlock’ by frictional forces across the crack • ‘Dowel effect’ from the shear force developed by the reinforcing bars crossing the crack The relative importance of these effects depends on the construction ... forces, b is the width of the section, fv is the characteristic shear strength of masonry, fy is the characteristic tensile strength of the reinforcing steel, sv is the spacing of shear reinforcement...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... be a loss of prestress The code recommends a value of maximum strain of 500×10-6 for calcium silicate and concrete bricks The loss of prestress can be calculated from the known value of strain ... Fig 11.6 Cross-section of the beam for example ©2004 Taylor & Francis Assume rectangular section Provide d=365 mm to take into account the thickness of a brick course Correct value of Mi is For ... post-tensioned masonry beam (Fig 11.6) of span 6m, simply supported, carries a characteristic superimposed dead load of 2kN/m and a characteristic live load of 3.5kN/m The masonry characteristic strength...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... A: according to EC6 Design vertical load resistance of wall on eccentricity and slenderness ratio 12.7.2 , where depends Calculation of eccentricity Figure 12.9 shows the worst combination of ... of eccentricity Axial load ©2004 Taylor & Francis Fig 12.9 Calculation of eccentricity of the loading (not to scale) ©2004 Taylor & Francis EC6 allows the use of the value from the national code ... Selection of brick and mortar for inner leaf of wall B The design vertical load resistance of the wall is (ßtfk)/␥m (clause 32.2.1) The value of ß depends on the eccentricity of loading; hence...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... construction inaccuracies eccentricity resulting from lateral loads eccentricity at top or bottom of wall eccentricity allowance for creep eccentricity at mid-height of wall normalized unit compressive ... specified compressive strength of mortar characteristic tensile strength of steel characteristic shear strength of masonry shear strength of masonry under zero compressive stress characteristic ... strength of steel second moment of area constant concerned with characteristic strength of masonry stiffness factor distance between centres of stiffening walls compressed length of wall effective...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... fbod design anchorage strength of reinforcing steel; fbok characteristic anchorage strength; fck characteristic compressive strength of concrete infill; fcvk characteristic shear strength of concrete ... Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995, Eurocode 5: Design of ... (E) Table 3.5 — Characteristic anchorage strength of reinforcement in confined concrete infill Strength class of concrete C1 2/15 C1 6/20 C2 0/25 C2 5/30 or stronger fbok for plain carbon steel bars...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2016, 12:18

... Eurocode 4: Basis of Structural Design Actions on structures Design of concrete structures Design of steel structures Design of composite steel and concrete structures Agreement between the Commission ... Eurocode 5: Eurocode 6: Eurocode 7: Eurocode 8: Eurocode 9: Design of timber structures Design of masonry structures Geotechnical design Design of structures for earthquake resistance Design of ... ( 240) 300 (300) 300 (300) 615 (490) 730 (615) 990 (730) nvg 1.1.19 1.1.20 170 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 365 (365) nvg 200 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) 240 ( 240) ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2016, 12:20

... b Concrete or concrete and masonry B U U R R X Concreteb or concrete and masonry C U U R X X Concreteb or concrete and masonry D U U X X X b Concrete or concrete and masonry E U X X X X Concreteb ... 5628-1:1992, Code of practice for use of masonry Structural use of unreinforced masonry — BS 5628-2:2000, Code of practice for use of masonry Structural use of reinforced and prestressed masonry — BS ... Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995, Eurocode 5: Design of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2016, 12:22

... 5628-1:1992, Code of practice for use of masonry Structural use of unreinforced masonry — BS 5628-2:2000, Code of practice for use of masonry Structural use of reinforced and prestressed masonry — BS ... of determining the characteristic strength of masonry D.1 Characteristic compressive strength (1) The characteristic compressive strength of masonry may be taken as fk,s, the characteristic compressive ... necessary; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2016, 12:23

... BIA BOCA CABO CMACN CRC CRSI FEMA IBC ICBO IMI LF LFD LRFD MIA MSJC NCMA NDS NEHRP PCA PCI American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials American Concrete Institute American ... which are commonly used in practice Chapter provides a discussion of masonry construction practices, with an emphasis on grouting practices Masonry construction involves hand placement of brick ... Brick Institute of America, also Brick Industry Association Building Officials and Code Administrators International Council of American Building Officials Concrete Masonry Association of California...

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 11:41

... C 400 conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such specifications are available.5 Other grades ... hydrochloric acid solution Calculate acid value as follows: “Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,” Am Chemical Soc., Washington, DC For suggestions on the testing of reagents not ... Neutralization Coeffıcient: 7.4.3.1 Interpolate the quantity of lime required to achieve a pH of 4.4 in 30 from the lime requirement curve (Section 11), correct for the actual acid concentration, and calculate...

Ngày tải lên: 10/07/2014, 23:20

... evaluate the accuracy of the rule, and to conduct an economic evaluation of the potential for cost savings http://www.implementationscience.com/content/2/1/4 Clinical decision rules Clinical decision ... Science 2007, 2:4 http://www.implementationscience.com/content/2/1/4 12 Study Sites Stratification Teaching Community Matched Pairing 2T 2T 2T 2C 2C 2C Randomization Control Sites TC TC TI TC ... Control Sites TC TC TI TC TI CC CC TI CI CC CI CI Intervention Sites Figure Matched-Pair Design Allocation Scheme for "After" Period Matched-Pair Design Allocation Scheme for "After" Period same...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Accountancy Adam Smith Business School College of Social Sciences June 2014 ABSTRACT This thesis empirically analyses corporate ... structure on 231 the extent of voluntary disclosure of corporate governance practices Table 7.13: The impact of corporate governance practices on firm financial 233 performance: Fixed-Effect regressions ... DETERMINANTS OF VOLUNTARY CORPORATE DISCLOSURE Board of Directors’ Characteristics Proportion of Independent Directors Corporate Board Size Audit Firm Size The Presence of Corporate Governance Committee...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 22:03

... associated system Control cable For Protective circuits, control circuits, metering circuits, communication circuits Power cable To provide supply path to various auxiliary equipment and machines ... machines PLCC system power line carries communication system line trap coupling capacitor PLCC panels For communication, telemetry, tele-control, power line carrier protection etc Contd… Fire ... view 400 kV Circuit Breaker 400 kV Isolator 400 kV Current Transformer 400 kV CVT 400 kV Surge Arrester Shunt Reactor & NGR 400 /220 kV Auto Transformer 400 kV Bus Post Insulator Wave Trap Functions of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2016, 23:07

... text: AASHTO ACI AISC AISCM AISCS AISI AITC ANSI APA ASCE ASD ASTM B&S BIA BOCA CABO CMACN CRC CRSI FEMA IBC ICBO IMI LF LFD LRFD MIA MSJC NCMA NDS NEHRP PCA PCI American Association of State Highway ... masonry surface of right circular cone for calculating tensile breakout capacity of anchor bolts, in.2 (mm2) Apv = projected area on masonry surface of one-half of a right circular cone for calculating ... which are commonly used in practice Chapter provides a discussion of masonry construction practices, with an emphasis on grouting practices Masonry construction involves hand placement of brick...

Ngày tải lên: 27/04/2016, 23:02