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... Cantoni Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Tim T Fister Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA Dillon D Fong Materials Science Division, Argonne ... discussed We conclude with a few words on the future impact of in situ synchrotron studies on complex oxide heterostructures 1.2 Background 1.2.1 Perovskites Complex oxides exhibit strong structure–composition–property ... by epitaxial strain in oxide heterostructures Electronic or ionic carrier concentrations are typically tuned through aliovalent substitution on the A- or B-sites requiring ionic or electronic compensation...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:53

... the electronic configuration of an aluminum atom, there are three electrons in the outer orbital shell, two in the s shell, and one in the 3p shell The ionization energy of the 3p electron is 574.5 ... of the solution Other exceptions include ammonium hydroxide at a concentration of above 10 wt%, nitric acid above 80 wt%, and sulfuric acid of 98–100 wt% Table summarizes the corrosion behavior ... Owing to the formation of the oxide film, aluminum is highly resistant to corrosion in dry atmospheres containing air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or most other common gases, both at...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 22:20

... desired of wavelength converters using parametric conversion are high conversion efficiency and broad bandwidth To achieve this kind of wavelength conversion, the following conditions must be met: ... wavelength conversion experiment EXPERIMENTS IN BROADBAND SIMULTANEOUS ALL-OPTICAL WAVELENGTH CONVERSION USING HNL-DSF Figure shows the refractive index profile of the HNLDSF used in these experiments, ... resolution, to find the conversion efficiency 6.2 Optimizing Measurement Conditions To make an accurate evaluation of γ and ∆β using Equations (10) and (11), it was found necessary to give some consideration...

Ngày tải lên: 16/07/2014, 08:55

... room temperature (RT) Extensive impurity analysis has been done by RBS, Proton Induced XRay Emission Spectroscopy (PIXES), X- Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ... minimum XRD X- ray diffraction DOS density of states AFM atomic force microscopy LAO lanthanum aluminium oxide STO strontium titanium oxide FWHM full width half maximum UV-Vis PIXES XAS SIMS SXMCD ... functional approximation CVD chemical vapour deposition GGA generalized gradient approximation ALD atomic layer deposition Hartree-Fock APT atomic probe tomography HF xx Chapter Introduction Metal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:49

... Contact Mechanics X5 000 19 X5 000 Y′ Y′ E (c) F G H X1 000 X5 000 X Y (b) A X1 00 X5 000 D C B (a) X Y X X FIGURE 2.12 The profile real surface with different vertical and horizontal magnification ... > 0; x ! 0; > > < i pR x Þ Z 2pffiffiffi h > pffiffiffiffiffiffi x 2 K1 C expðK Ã2 Þ expðK Ã2 Þ; x O 0; > x x > : 2p 1 Ã2 A pG x Þ Z pffiffiffiffiffiffi exp@K x : 2p q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC (2.10) Contact ... equation: p x Þ pffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi & ! Ã 3ð2aK3Þ 1=2 2p Ã2 Ã2 x Z expðK x1 Þ C C x1 K1Þ 2p 2a a2    1=2 !  ! Ã2 2pa 1=2 Ã exp K x1 C ! C erf x1 2ð2aK3Þ 3ðaK1Þ !'   1=2 ! a axÃ2 Ã ; exp K...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:27

... direction of the ZnO NW by high-resolution TEM, SAED pattern, and X- ray diffraction method [4,19,25] The ZnO NW grown on c-axis sapphire substrates generally has (002) primary growth direction, ... synthesis of oxide NWs while controlling the doping concentration feature The doping could be controlled by adjusting the target composition since it guarantees the transfer of the composition from ... depending on temperature Temperature is increased from 17 K to room temperature (RT) to detect the exciton peak that has been screened by the phonon vibration at elevated temperatures Sharp strong...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... semiconducting behavior of these alloys The variation of dc conductivity with different composition of GaxSe100 -x (x = 3, 6, and 12) nanorods is presented in Table DC conductivity can be expressed ... 60 80 100 2θ (degree) Fig XRD pattern of a-GaxSe100 -x Results and Discussion Electrical Transport Properties Figure shows the X- ray diffraction pattern of a- GaxSe100 -x glassy alloys There is ... conduction, the values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor are calculated, and these values are given in Table On the basis of the calculated values of activation energy and pre-exponential...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... abbreviations Contents Introduction 21 1.1 Applications of position-sensitive devices (PSDs) 22 1.2 A conventional laser spot tracker 22 1.3 Content and main contributions ... and layout design work was done jointly by Prof Timo Rahkonen (Papers X and XIII), Dr Tarmo Ruotsalainen (Paper XI and XIV) and the author (Papers XII and XV) The second prototype of the digital ... sensor construction, however, and by the various non-idealities of practical components Constructional details affecting the pointing accuracy are explained next, and an analysis of the error contributions...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2014, 22:39

... corrosion or wet oxidation117 Comparatively, wet oxidation offers several advantages compared to thermal oxidation Thermal oxidation requires high temperatures between 300-500 °C, longer duration ... Conclusions 118 6.5 References 118 Chapter Vertically aligned iron (III) oxyhydroxide/oxide nanosheets grown on iron substrates for electrochemical charge storage 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 Experimental ... fast, reversible redox reaction, and thus maximize the capacitance (Chapter 6) Iron (III) oxyhydroxide/oxide nanosheets were prepared on iron foil by wet oxidation in an acidic medium The electrochemical...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:27

... be somewhat troublesome in Si1−xGex and Si1 x yGexCy systems Basically, to avoid strain relaxation and dislocation formation in Si1−xGex and Si1 x yGexCy alloys, only low thermal budget process ... a Ge segregation at the oxide/Si1-xGex interface As far as the oxidation kinetic is concerned, both furnace and rapid thermal oxidation demonstrated an enhanced oxidation rate on SiGe over that ... 202 206 Conclusions and Recommendations 219 8.1 Conclusions 8.2 Recommendations Spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of as−grown and − rapid thermal oxidized Si1−xGex and Si1 x yGexCy alloys...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:18

... ) ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) ⎡ ξ x xx + ξ yτ xy + ξ zτ xz ρJ ⎤ ⎡ η x xx + η yτ xy + η zτ xz ρJ ⎤ ⎡g x J ⎤ ⎥ ∂ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ∂ ⎢ = ⎢g y J ⎥ + ⎢ ξ x yx + ξ yτ yy + ξ zτ yz ρJ ⎥ + ⎢ η x yx + η yτ yy + η zτ yz ... y = J (zη x − z ζ x ), η y = J (zζ x − zξ x ), ζ x = J (z ξ x − zη x ) (3.16) ξ z = J (x yζ − x yη ), η z = J (x yξ − x yζ ), ζ z = J (x yη − x yξ ) (3.17) Using Equations (3.15-3.17), ... ⎥ ⎣ z ⎦ ⎣ ξ x zx + ξ yτ zy + ξ zτ zz ρJ ⎦ ⎣ η x zx + η yτ zy + η zτ zz ρJ ⎦ ⎡ ζ x xx + ζ yτ xy + ζ zτ xz ρJ ⎤ ⎥ ∂ ⎢ + (3.25) ⎢ ζ x yx + ζ yτ yy + ζ zτ yz ρJ ⎥ ∂ζ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ζ x zx + ζ yτ zy +...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:35

... affix: Suffix meaning example -ship State, condition, skill, art -tion (-sion) Action, state or result Friendship, Scholarship Devotion, Solution, Decision 11 English morpheme system -ance Luong ... unforgettable • Next, Vietnamese has the following tonal alternations (or tonal ablaut) which are used grammatically that English don’t have tone alternation "here" "there" (ngang tone-sắc tone) "now" ... affix, which includes prefix and suffix Affix is a morpheme that comes at the beginning (prefix) or the ending (suffix) of a base morpheme An affix usually is a morpheme that cannot stand alone...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2013, 09:31

... Navier-Stokes equations, i.e the continuity equation, the mass conservation equation for each phase yields the volume fraction (r ) and along with the momentum equations the pressure distribution inside ... divergence of the mass flux through diffusion and convection Multiple species are considered in the gas phase only, and the species conservation equation in multicomponent, multi-phase flow can ... the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell A three-dimensional model that accounts for activation polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization is developed to achieve...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... data xmax=xmin =x[ 1]; Go through data to get the range of abscisfor (j=1;j xmax) xmax =x[ j]; if (x[ j] < xmin) xmin =x[ j]; } xdif=xmax-xmin; xave=0.5*(xmax+xmin); pymax=0.0; ... Compute the mean, variance, and range xmin =x[ 1]; of the data xmax=xmin; for (j=2;j xmax) xmax =x[ j]; } xdif=xmax-xmin; for (j=1;j

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 22:15

... hj Although one does not usually think of it in this way, interpolation can be viewed as approximating a function by a sum of kernel functions (which depend only on the interpolation scheme) times ... approximate the function h(t) everywhere in the interval [a, b] by interpolation on nearby hj ’s The simplest case is linear interpolation, using the two nearest hj ’s, one to the left and one ... precision, even when the corrections are desired only to single precision It is also necessary to use the series expansion for small values of θ The optimal cross-over value of θ depends on your...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 17:15

... calculations one will be due to work far from the capacitiva zone (or resonant), it is to say with the condition ω

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 16:15

... calculations one will be due to work far from the capacitiva zone (or resonant), it is to say with the condition ω

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 16:15

... vector X, and the lower group generates the x( 0) X (0) x( 2) X (1) x( 4) N/2-point DFT X( 0) X( 1) X (2) X( 2) x( 6) X (3) x( 1) X (0) W8 −1 x( 3) X (1) W8 −1 X (2) W8 −1 X (3) W8 X( 6) −1 X( 7) x( 5) N/2-point ... x( 4) −1 −1 x (1) W x( 6) −1 x (2) W x( 7) −1 x (3) W X( 4) X( 6) x (0) W x( 5) X( 2) X( 1) N/2-point DFT X( 3) X( 5) X( 7) Figure 7.8 Decomposition of an N-point DFT into two N=2 DFTs using decimation-infrequency ... samples x( 0) and x( 1) The output frequency-domain samples are X( 0) and X( 1) For this case, the DFT can be expressed as X …k† ˆ ˆ nˆ0 x( 0) x( 4) X( 0) W8 N/4-point W8 DFT X( 1) −1 X( 2) −1 X( 3) W8 x( 3) x( 7)...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 05:15

... describe the reaction to a certain situation as: IF THEN In the case of the container crane, each situation is identified by two conditions The first condition describes the ... combination of a fuzzy logic controller and a conventional controller operates the plant continuously since 1989 and does not require manual intervention After an extended online optimization phase ... the gas mix to about 400°C, resulting in a condensation of gasoline A second cooler cools the gas mix to environment temperature, resulting in a condensation of oil and heavier components The...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 01:15

... most common for Mozilla-based applications Example 6-4 manifest.rdf describing the XMLTerm extension ... ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15