§ 2 fundamentals of long range surface plasmon polaritons

... 23 9 24 0 24 1 24 1 24 2 24 2 24 3 24 3 24 5 24 5 24 7 24 8 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 1 25 2 25 3 25 3 25 4 25 6 25 8 25 8 25 9 26 2 26 2 26 3 26 4 26 4 Chapter Thin metal-dielectric nanocomposites with a negative index of refraction, ... 4 .2 Using the extinction spectrum 22 3 22 4 22 8 23 1 23 3 23 4 23 8 23 8 23 9 Contents x 4 .2. 1 Immunoassays 4 .2. 2 Oligonucleotide ... y Combining magnetic resonators with semicontinuous lms 27 3 27 5 27 6 27 6 28 2 28 3 28 6 29 1 29 3 29 4 29 5 29 7 29 9 29 9 300 301 Contents xi 304 304 Acknowledgment ...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:57

... !"#$%&'()'*+&'",-+.$/&'0.,/1%$01 &2' 340$$5'0+456&%'$/ &2' 7.%'1+&'8!-5&1+ .2' 1+&%549' 0. ,2$ 01"3"1:'5&4/$%&5&,1;' Working Range of Current and Frequency As explained in section 2. 5.1 in Chapter 2, there are two conditions ... *+,-./' 0&%+1"0' 2& +,&%' ,.' 2& +,' $3' ,2& ' /2. -&' 0&%4"3' 3+05+#&' /" ,2' ,2& ' 6&' 7+7./"%&'8+13-&9' The Watlow Ultramic Ceramic heater is capable of operating up to 400!C (7 52! F) with a fast ... Equation (2. 10) (repeated here as Eq (3 .2) ) limits the temperature of the experimental environment, length and diameter of the specimen as follows: (3 .2) where g = 16!"T0 3/(#CpD), $ = L2/( %2& ) and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:57

... 825 0 129 50 Rectangular with cross-section mm × mm × hole diameter mm 144, 12, 12 110, 10, 11 144, 12, 122 95 m 80 m 95 m 0·146 ohms 0– 32 V, 100 A dc (Three) 0· 127 ohms 0·156 ohms Fabrication of ... Gobin et al 20 04; Ciavola et al 20 04; Delferriere et al 20 08) The combinations of these three solenoid coils can also produce the off-resonance magnetic field The permeability table for soft iron, ... microwave frequency of 24 50 MHz is 875 gauss The magnetic field in the plasma chamber was analysed by using the 2D Poisson software To start the simulations, the initial parameters of the solenoid...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 08:58

... 0 .28 cm2a t/h 0.5 L/µm JSC/mA cm -2 VOC/V FF 6.4 8.0 10.0 9.7 11.4 12. 2 12. 0 12. 5 0.76 0.76 0. 72 0.73 0. 72 0.71 0.70 0. 72 0. 62 0.61 0.60 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.59 0.58 3.0 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.9 5.0 5.0 5 .2 ... formation of compact layers on the surface of the ATO films (Figure 2a); a bundle layer was observed (Figure 2b) at a smaller anodization period, as Frank and co-workers reported .22 Because of the ... JSC/mA cm -2 13.8 ( 0.8 14.5 ( 0.6 14.0 ( 0.5 14.6 ( 0.4 VOC/V FF η/% 0.74 ( 0.01 0.76 ( 0. 02 0. 72 ( 0. 02 0.74 ( 0. 02 0.58 ( 0.04 0.63 ( 0.03 0.64 ( 0.01 0. 62 ( 0.04 5.9 ( 0 .2 6.9 ( 0 .2 6.4 ( 0.3...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/53 Page of Received: September 20 11 Accepted: January 20 12 Published: January 20 12 Figure J-V characteristics of DSSCs with different counter electrodes (a) ... Experimental data of DSSCs with counter electrodes of differential carbon-based materials Rct1 (Hz) Rct1 (Ω) Voc (V) Jsc (mA/cm2) FF (%) h (%) Graphenes 31, 600 SWNTs 2, 510 16 .21 2 0.7 13.1 63.6 ... with a bias illumination of 100 mW/cm2 under an open-circuit condition and in a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 KHz Results and discussion Figure shows the FE-SEM images of deposited (a) graphenes,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/53 Page of Received: September 20 11 Accepted: January 20 12 Published: January 20 12 Figure J-V characteristics of DSSCs with different counter electrodes (a) ... Experimental data of DSSCs with counter electrodes of differential carbon-based materials Rct1 (Hz) Rct1 (Ω) Voc (V) Jsc (mA/cm2) FF (%) h (%) Graphenes 31, 600 SWNTs 2, 510 16 .21 2 0.7 13.1 63.6 ... with a bias illumination of 100 mW/cm2 under an open-circuit condition and in a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 KHz Results and discussion Figure shows the FE-SEM images of deposited (a) graphenes,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... pinpoint of nanotip was exposed, as shown in Figure 1c Then, samples were immersed into the BOE solution to remove SiO2 on the pinpoint surface Finally, the PR was then removed by H2SO4 and H2O2 mixture, ... nanopins Appl Phys Lett 20 03, 83:3806-3808 Kuo HS, Hwang IS, Fu TY, Wu JY, Chang CC, Tsong TT: Preparation and characterization of single-atom tips Nano Lett 20 04, 4 :23 79 -23 82 Yao L, Zheng M, Ma ... 15:781-786 Yao IC, Lin P, Tseng TY: Nanotip fabrication of zinc oxide nanorods and their enhanced field emission properties Nanotechnology 20 09, 20 : 125 2 02 10 Taratula O, Galoppini E, Mendelsohn R, Reyes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... 80 .2 78.4 77.5 Eff (%) 25 .6 24 .7 24 .2 22. 3 22 .3 22 .2 24.7 23 .4 22 .3 22 .1 21 .9 Publication year 20 14 20 13 20 13 20 13 20 13 20 12 2013 20 12 20 12 2013 20 11 Ref [11] [9] [22 ] [23 ] [24 ] [25 ] [26 ] [27 ] ... 120 6.1 Methodology 120 6 .2 Results and discussion 122 6 .2. 1 Band diagrams 122 6 .2. 2 Comparison of hybrid solar cells to diffused solar cells 125 6 .2. 2.1 ... n-CZ Area (cm2) 144 101 171 23 8.9 24 3 103 3.7 4 4 Jsc (mA/cm2) 41.8 39.5 40.0 37.5 37 .2 38.7 41.4 41.8 38.4 38.9 38.5 Voc (mV) 740 750 738 724 733 733 730 723 722 727 735 FF (%) 82. 7 83 .2 81.9 81.9...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:15

... resonances .27 2. 1.1 Theoretical background of surface plasmon polaritons .28 v 2. 1 .2 Theoretical background of localized surface plasmon resonances: single nanoparticles and a periodic array of nanoparticles ... 1.1.1 Overview of plasmonics and surface plasmons 1.1 .2 Overview of nanofabrication techniques for plasmonic nanostructures 10 1 .2 Research objective 16 1 .2. 1 Research focus ... 33 2. 2 LSPR-based sensors 38 2. 2.1 Refractive index sensing 39 2. 2 .2 Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy .40 2. 3 Laser interference lithography (LIL) 43 2. 3.1 Working...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... 18 2. 1 Definition of metamaterials 18 2. 2 Dispersive permittivity and permeability 19 2. 3 Resonance properties of metamaterials 22 II 2. 4 Response saturation of split ... Smith, Science 314, 977 (20 06) A Demetriadou and J B Pendry, J Phys Conds Matt 20 , 29 522 2 (20 08) 10 J J Ma, Y S Zeng, X Y Cao, 20 08 World Autom Congr Proc 1-3, 1166 (20 08) 11 J B Pendry, A.J ... 12 M Wiltshire, “Chiral Swiss rolls”, Metamaterials and Plasmonics: Fundamentals, Modeling, Applications 191 (20 09) 13 M C K Wiltshire, J B Pendry, J V Hajnal, J Phys Conds Matt 21 , 29 220 1 (20 09)...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:40

... 20 2. 2 Development of In Situ Surface Passivation for Gallium Nitride 23 2. 2.1 Experiment 23 2. 2 .2 Effect of Vacuum Anneal on Interface Quality 27 2. 2.3 Effect of SiH4 or ... that of pure HfO2 (~ 400 ºC) and its higher dielectric constant (εr ~ 20 ) than that of pure Al2O3 (εr ~ 9) [96]-[97] 2. 2 Development of In Situ Surface Passivation for Gallium Nitride 2. 2.1 Experiment ... dielectrics, such as HfO2 [37], Al2O3 [38], MgO [39], Sc2O3 [40], ZrO2 [41], Gd2O3 [ 42] , SiO2 [43], SiNx [43], and TiO2 [44], to reduce the gate leakage current density JG of the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... 0.38@-5V 0.73 12. 1@-3V - 20 06 [2. 14] NI PIN ~10 0 .2 10@-1V - 20 07 [2. 35] WG MSM 130 25 @-6V - 20 07 [2. 19] WG PIN 0.9 0.87 7.5@-3V - 20 07 [2. 36] WG PIN 0 .26 7@-2V 1.16@-2V 29 .4@-2V - 20 09 [2. 38] WG MSM ... [2. 15] WG PIN 1.3 1.1 36.8@-3V - 20 10 [2. 41] WG MSM 90 0.14 40@-2V - 20 08 [2. 42] ~10 @25 V ~15.6@ ~25 V@ 1.3μm ~ 12@ ~25 V 340 20 10 [2. 43] ~100 @23 V 16.8@ ~23 V 5@ ~23 V 105 20 10 [2. 44] ~100 - ~35@1.5V 350 NI ... 4@-5V ~1 40@-5V - 20 09 [2. 39] NI PIN ~0.10 0.05@-2V 49@-2V - 20 09 [2. 21] , NI PIN 0.0 42 0.47 36@-3V - 20 09 [2. 16] WG PIN ~1 42@ -4V - 20 09 [2. 40] , WG PIN 0.0 72 0.8 47@-3V - 20 10 [2. 15] WG PIN 1.3...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:47

... decomposition………………………………………… 56 2. 2 .2 Membrane formation……………………………………………… ……57 2. 2 .2. 1 Phase inversion types………………………………………… …57 2. 2 .2. 2 Skin layer and sublayer formation………………………… ……60 2. 2.3 Membrane modification ... Membranes……………………………………………………… 49 2. 2 Polymeric asymmetric membrane formation and modification…………… … 52 2 .2. 1 Phase inversion mechanism……………………………………… ……. 52 2 .2. 1.1 Nucleation and growth……………………………………………55 2. 2.1 .2 Spinodal ... Experimental…………………………………………………………….…… 125 6 .2. 1 Materials…………………………………………………………….…. 125 6 .2. 2 Dope preparation………………………………………………………. 125 vi 6 .2. 3 Hollow fiber spinning……………………………………………… … 126 6 .2. 4 Characterization……………………………………………………...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:24

... period xi List of Figures Fig 2. 1 Schematic of PLD system 22 Fig 2. 2 XRD spectra of the Si(100) target before and after laser ablation in PLD 25 Fig 2. 3 PL spectra of the Si(100) target ... Phys 83, pp 22 28 -22 34, 1998 21 F Iacona, G Franzò, and C Spinella, “ Correlation between luminescence and structural properties of Si nanocrystals” , J Appl Phys 87, pp 129 5-1303, 20 00 22 M L Brongersma, ... Properties of Si Nanocrystal Films Deposited by Pulsed-Laser Deposition 20 2. 1 Introduction 20 2. 2 Experimental setup 20 2. 3 Results and discussion 24 2. 3.1...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:25

... Electron 13, 509 (20 02) [20 ] S Hudgens and B Johnson, MRS Bull 29 , 829 (20 04) [21 ] A L Lacaita, Solid State Electron 59, 24 (20 06) [22 ] A Stikeman, Technol Rev 105, 31 (20 02) [23 ] Y Yang, J Ouyang, ... Copolymer of Fluorene and Benzoate with Chelated Europium Complex 39 2. 1 Introduction 39 2. 2 Experiment 40 2. 2.1 Synthesis of the Copolymer 40 2. 2 .2 Device Fabrication 43 2. 3 Experimental Results 44 2. 3.1 ... Polymers 27 1.6 .2. 2 Insulating Polymers 27 1.6 .2. 3 Semiconducting Polymers 28 1.6 .2. 4 Composite Materials 29 1.7 Motivation of Study Reference 29 31 CHAPTER Synthesis and WORM Memory Properties of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:29

... 396 85-100 24 -27 5d-t2g(Mo) Sr2FeMoO6 TC (K) 421 >85 28 ,29 (La0.7Sr0.3) MnO3 3d-eg (Mn) 3d-t2g (Mn) 28 0-380 3.7 72- 95 30-35 Fe3O4 - 3d-t2g(Fe) 860 39-85 36-39 Tl2Mn2O7 Mn (t2g) Tl (6s) 120 66 40,41 ... Table of contents Chapter Fabrication and characterization of Fe3O4 28 nanostructures 2. 1 Introduction 28 2. 2 Experiments 34 2. 2.1 Experimental setup 34 2. 2 .2 Experimental details 35 2. 3 37 2. 3.1 ... 1996 110 52 CaB6: la 1999 600 65 TiO2: Co 20 01 400 60 ZnO: Co 20 01 Above 300 61 CrAs and CrSb 20 01 Above 300 66 GaN: Mn 20 01 940 67 Ge: Mn 20 02 116 68 (Ga, Mn)P: C 20 02 270 K 69 ZnTe: Cr 20 03 300...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:29

... Applications of Nanofiltration Membranes 15 1 .2. 1 Nanofiltration separation mechanisms 18 1 .2. 2 Nanofiltration separation models 22 1 .2. 3 Fabrication of nanofiltration membranes .28 ... Nanofiltration Membranes 2. 2 WANG KAI YU Characterization of Structural Parameters of UF hollow fiber membranes from solute separation data 41 2. 3 Experimental 44 2. 3.1 2. 3 .2 ... Introduction 111 4 .2 Experimental 115 4 .2. 1 4 .2. 2 Fabrication of Composite PBI Nanofiltration Membranes 115 4 .2. 3 FTIR analysis .116 4 .2. 4 4.3 Chemicals ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:29

... 541 30 1.8 2/ 1 30 25 0 87.5 30 12. 2 2/ 2 30 25 0 89 55 18.35 3/1 30 25 0 85 100 34.3 1/1 300 43 3 .2. 6 Results and Discussions Group has samples included in the Table 3 .2, 2/ 1 and 2/ 2 Sample 2/ 1 has ... for x < (2. 20a) H(x) = for x ≥ (2. 20b) The distribution of the two-dimensional density of states is shown in Figure 2. 7 for the case of infinite square well 26 2D Density of States E1 E2 E3 Energy ... Each subband energy level is found from the solution of (2. 9) and is given by: 23 E i (k ) = E i + 2 2 k x2 η k y + 2m x 2m y i = 0, 1, 2, (2. 12) representing the subband energy levels arising...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 22:32

... Reference 4 .2 650 ± 100 11 ± Jedema et al [22 ] 29 3 350 ± 50 11 ± 2 400 ± 50 10 ± 29 3 350 ± 50 8±1 Co/Cu 4 .2 550 5.5 Garzon et al [25 ] CoFe and NiFe/Al 4 .2 200- 420 25 Valenzuela [24 ] (K) Co/Al ... 168 26 Ku et al [16] 4 .2 120 0 ± 20 0 Jedema at al [18] 29 3 600 ± 50 4 .2 1000 ± 20 0 29 3 300 ± 50 300 500 25 Kimura et al [14] 10 20 0 ± 20 7.4 Yi et al [19] Jedema at al [18] Table 2. 1 Comparison of ... Fabrication Procedures 22 3 .2. 1 Optical lithography procedures 23 3 .2. 1.1 Pre-lithography procedures 24 3 .21 .2 Optical Lithography 24 3 .21 .3 Post lithography procedures 26 3 .2. 2 Electron beam lithography...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 22:32

... Crystals 2. 1 Introduction………………………………………………………… 27 2. 2 Fabrication of Colloidal Crystals ………………………… .29 2. 3 2. 2.1 Fabrication of Colloidal Crystals by Sedimentation 2. 2 .2 Fabrication of Colloidal ... 56-59 (20 00) [71] A L Rogach, N A Kotov, D S Koktysh, J W Ostrander, and G A Ragoisha, 25 Chem Mater 12, 27 21 -27 26 (20 00) [ 72] A van Blaaderen, R Ruel, and P Wiltzius, Nature 385, 321 - 324 (1997) ... 377-388 (20 01) [21 ] J Schilling, F Muller, S Matthias, R B Wehrspohn, U Gosele, and K Busch, Appl Phys Lett 78, 1180-11 82 (20 01) [22 ] S Shoji and S Kawata, Appl Phys Lett 76, 26 68 -26 70 (20 00) [23 ]...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 22:32