Tài liệu Oracle Database 10g - New Features For Administrators doc

Oracle Database 10g - New Features For Administrators Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators Volume II • Student Guide D17079GC20 Edition 2.0 August 2005 D19870 ® Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. 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Authors Christine Jeal Janet Stern Jean-Francois Verrier Technical Contributors and Reviewers Troy Anthony David Austin Mirella Avila John Beresniewicz Tom Best Harald van Breederode Mary Bryksa Timothy Chien Donna Cooksey Andy Fortunak Joel Goodman Donna Hamby Magnus Isaksson Pete Jones Pierre Labrousse Dominique Laugraud Stefan Lindblad Yi Lu Venkat Maddali Paul Manning Sabiha Miri Srinivas Putrevu Mark Ramacher James Spiller S Matt Taylor Branislav Valny Anthony Woodell Editors Atanu Raychaudhuri Aju Kumar Graphic Designer Samir Mozumdar Publisher Joseph Fernandez I Introduction Overview I-2 Today’s IT Infrastructure I-3 How DBAs Spent Their Time Before Oracle Database 10g I-4 Grid Computing I-5 Oracle Ecosystem I-6 Enterprise Grid Computing I-7 Implement One from Many I-8 Manage Many as One I-10 Readily Available Product Controls I-12 Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control I-13 Oracle Database 10g: The Database for the Grid I-14 Suggested Additional Courses I-15 Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals I-16 Database Management Challenges I-17 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database I-18 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time I-19 Further Information I-20 Suggested Schedule I-21 1 Installation Objectives 1-2 Installation Methods 1-3 Installation: New Feature Support 1-4 Performance Enhancements to Installation 1-5 Checking the Preinstallation Requirements 1-6 Miscellaneous Installation Enhancements 1-7 Response File Improvements 1-8 CD Pack Contents 1-9 Management Options 1-10 File Storage Options 1-11 Backup and Recovery Options 1-12 Passwords 1-13 Grid Control Components 1-14 Managed Targets for Grid Control 1-16 Oracle Management Service 1-17 Oracle Management Repository 1-18 Grid Control Console: Home 1-19 Grid Control Console: Targets 1-20 Managing Very Large Grids 1-21 Summary 1-22 Contents iii 2 Server Configuration Objectives 2-2 Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) Enhancements 2-3 Using Database Control for Management 2-5 SYSAUX and DBCA 2-6 Database Control: Overview 2-7 Important EM Agent Directories 2-8 Configuring Database Control 2-9 Managing Database Control Components 2-10 Database Home Page: Overview 2-11 Database Control Setup Pages 2-13 Database Control Preferences Pages 2-14 Net Services Administration Pages 2-15 Database Feature Usage: Statistics Collection 2-16 Database Feature Usage: EM Interface 2-17 Database Feature Usage: HWM Page 2-18 Policy Framework 2-19 Policy Violations Page 2-20 Manage Policy Violations Page 2-22 Rule Violation Page 2-24 Manage Policy Library Page 2-25 Simplified Initialization Parameters 2-26 Viewing Initialization Parameters 2-27 Irreversible Data File Compatibility 2-28 Enabling iSQL*Plus DBA Access 2-29 Accessing iSQL*Plus DBA from EM 2-30 Summary 2-31 Practice 2: Overview 2-32 3 Data Pump, SQL*Loader, and External Tables Objectives 3-2 Data Pump: Overview 3-3 Data Pump: General Architecture 3-4 Data Pump Export and Import: Overview 3-5 Data Pump Export and Import: Benefits 3-6 General Implementation: Overview 3-8 Data Pump Direct Path: Considerations 3-9 Data Pump File Locations 3-10 Data Pump File Naming and Size 3-12 Data Pump Utility: Interfaces and Modes 3-13 Data Pump and Filtering 3-14 Data Pump Import Transformations 3-15 Data Pump Job Monitoring Views 3-17 iv Database Control and Data Pump 3-18 Using EM to Monitor Data Pump Jobs 3-19 Parallel Full Export and Import: Examples 3-20 Limited Schema Export: Example 3-21 Network Mode Import: Example 3-22 Attaching to Existing Job: Example 3-23 Restarting a Stopped Job: Example 3-24 Data-Only Unload: Example 3-25 Loading Data from Flat Files by Using EM 3-26 External Table Population: Overview 3-27 External Table Population Operation 3-28 External Table Parallel Populate Operation 3-29 External Table Population: Example 3-30 External Table Projected Columns 3-31 External Table Projected Column: Examples 3-32 Summary 3-33 Practice 3: Overview 3-34 4 Database and Tablespace Data Movements Objectives 4-2 Cross-Platform Transportable Tablespaces 4-3 Minimum Compatibility Level 4-4 Transportable Tablespace Procedure 4-5 Determining the Endian Format of a Platform 4-6 Data File Conversion: Examples 4-7 CLOB Exception 4-8 Using Database Control to Transport Tablespaces 4-9 Generating Transportable Tablespace Sets 4-10 Specifying Destination Characteristics 4-11 Specifying Conversion Information 4-12 Specifying the Files Transfer Mode 4-13 Database Transportation: Overview 4-14 Database Transportation Procedure 4-15 Database Transportation: Conversion 4-16 Database Transportation: Example 1 4-17 Database Transportation: Example 2 4-18 Database Transportation: Generated Pfile 4-19 Database Transportation: Generated SQL Script 4-20 Database Transportation: Generated RMAN Script 4-22 Database Transportation: Considerations 4-23 DBMS_TDB Package 4-24 Database Cloning Using Database Control 4-25 Transport Tablespace from Backup: Overview 4-26 Transport Tablespace from Backup: Implementation 4-27 v Transport Tablespace from Backup: Example 4-28 Versioning Tablespaces 4-29 Versioned Tablespaces: Usage Scenarios 4-30 Tablespace Repository 4-31 CLONE_TABLESPACES 4-32 CLONE_TABLESPACES: Example 4-33 DETACH_TABLESPACES 4-34 DETACH_TABLESPACES: Example 4-35 ATTACH_TABLESPACES 4-36 ATTACH_TABLESPACES: Example 4-37 Managing a File Group Repository 4-38 File Group Repository Catalog 4-41 File Group Repository Catalog Views 4-42 File Group Repository Privileges 4-43 Privileges for Versioning Tablespaces 4-45 Summary 4-46 Practice 4: Overview 4-47 5 Automatic Management Objectives 5-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 5-3 Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor: Overview 5-4 ADDM Performance Monitoring 5-5 ADDM Methodology 5-6 Top Performance Issues Detected 5-7 Database Control and ADDM Findings 5-8 ADDM Analysis Results 5-9 ADDM Recommendations 5-10 Database Control and ADDM Task 5-11 Changing ADDM Attributes 5-12 Retrieving ADDM Reports by Using SQL 5-13 Automatic Shared Memory Management: Overview 5-14 SGA Tuning Principles 5-15 Benefits of Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-16 Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-17 SGA Advisor 5-18 Manual Configuration 5-19 Behavior of Autotuned SGA Parameters 5-20 Behavior of Manually Tuned SGA Parameters 5-21 Using the V$PARAMETER View 5-22 Resizing SGA_TARGET 5-23 Disabling Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-24 Manually Resizing Dynamic SGA Parameters 5-25 Automatic Segment Advisor: Overview 5-26 vi AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB 5-27 Controlling AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB 5-28 Viewing Latest Automatic Segment Advisor Recommendations 5-29 Automatic Optimizer Statistics Collection: Overview 5-30 GATHER_STATS_JOB 5-31 Controlling GATHER_STATS_JOB 5-32 Changing the Default Schedule 5-33 Automatic Undo Retention Tuning 5-34 Automatic Checkpoint Tuning 5-35 Automatically Tuned Multiblock Reads 5-36 Summary 5-37 Practice 5: Overview 5-38 6 Manageability Infrastructure Objectives 6-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 6-3 Automatic Workload Repository 6-4 Automatic Workload Repository: Overview 6-5 Automatic Workload Repository Data 6-6 Active Session History 6-7 Generate ASH Reports 6-8 Base Statistics and Metrics 6-9 Workload Repository 6-10 Statistic Levels 6-11 AWR Snapshot Sets 6-12 AWR Snapshot Purging Policy 6-13 Database Control and AWR 6-14 Generating AWR Reports 6-15 Snapshot Sets and Period Comparisons 6-16 Compare Periods: Results 6-17 Statspack and AWR 6-18 Server-Generated Alerts 6-19 Server-Generated Alerts: Overview 6-20 Alert Models Architecture 6-21 Server-Generated Alert Types 6-22 Readily Available Server-Generated Alerts 6-23 Database Control Usage Model 6-24 Database Control Interface to Alerts 6-25 Setting Alert Thresholds 6-26 Alerts Notification 6-27 Metric Details Severity History 6-28 Metric and Alert Views 6-29 PL/SQL Interface for Threshold Settings 6-30 Alert Consumption: Manual Configuration 6-31 vii User-Defined SQL Metrics 6-32 Automatic Routine Administration Tasks 6-33 DBCA and Automated Tasks 6-34 Common Manageability Infrastructure: Advisory Framework 6-35 Advisory Framework: Overview 6-36 Typical Advisor Tuning Session 6-37 Database Control and Advisors 6-38 DBMS_ADVISOR Package 6-39 Dictionary Changes 6-40 Using PL/SQL: Example 6-41 Summary 6-42 Practice 6: Overview 6-43 7 Adaptive Thresholds and Metric Baselines Objectives 7-2 Cyclic Nature of Workloads 7-3 Thresholds and Metric Baselines Overview: Fixed Thresholds 7-4 Thresholds and Metric Baselines Overview: Adaptive Thresholds 7-5 Metric Baselines and Thresholds Concepts 7-6 Metric Baselines and Time Groups 7-8 Enabling Metric Baselining 7-9 Activating the Moving Window Metric Baseline 7-10 Setting Adaptive Alert Thresholds 7-11 Visualizing Metric Baseline Statistics 7-12 Creating Static Metric Baselines 7-13 Time Grouping: Considerations 7-14 Metric Baseline and Adaptive Threshold: Considerations 7-15 Classification of Eligible Metrics 7-16 Metric Baseline: Normalized View 7-17 Configuring Normalization Metrics 7-19 Adaptive Thresholds and the All Metrics Page 7-20 Summary 7-21 Practice 7: Overview 7-22 8 Application Tuning Objectives 8-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 8-3 Automatic Statistics Gathering 8-4 Enhanced Query Optimization 8-5 Statistics on Dictionary Objects 8-6 Dictionary Statistics: Best Practices 8-7 Miscellaneous Statistics-Related Changes 8-8 Locking Statistics 8-9 Using the DBMS_STATS Package 8-10 Automatic Statistics Collection: Considerations 8-11 viii History of Optimizer Statistics 8-12 Managing Historical Optimizer Statistics 8-13 Managing Optimizer Statistics Using EM 8-14 DML Table Monitoring Changes 8-15 Rule-Based Optimizer Obsolescence 8-16 Automatic SQL Tuning: Overview 8-17 Application Tuning Challenges 8-18 SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview 8-19 Stale or Missing Object Statistics 8-20 SQL Statement Profiling 8-21 Plan Tuning Flow and SQL Profile Creation 8-22 SQL Tuning Loop 8-23 Access Path Analysis 8-24 SQL Structure Analysis 8-25 SQL Tuning Advisor: Usage Model 8-26 Database Control and SQL Tuning Advisor 8-27 Implementing Recommendations 8-28 DBMS_SQLTUNE Package 8-29 DBMS_SQLTUNE: Examples 8-30 Exporting or Importing SQL Profiles 8-31 Automatic SQL Tuning Categories 8-32 SQL Access Advisor: Overview 8-33 SQL Access Advisor: Usage Model 8-34 Possible Recommendations 8-35 Typical SQL Access Advisor Session 8-36 Workload Source 8-37 Recommendation Options 8-38 Reviewing Recommendations 8-40 SQL Access Advisor: Procedure Flow 8-41 Performance Monitoring Solutions 8-42 Performance Management Approach 8-43 Database Home Page 8-44 Database Performance Page 8-45 Active Sessions Waiting Pages 8-46 SQL Details 8-47 Historical Data View 8-48 Summary 8-49 Practice 8: Overview 8-50 9 Services Objectives 9-2 Traditional Workload Dispatching 9-3 Grid Workload Dispatching 9-4 What Is a Service? 9-5 ix [...]... 1 5-2 7 RMAN and Oracle Secure Backup Usage Model 1 5-2 8 Defining Database Storage Selector 1 5-2 9 Testing Your Tape Drives 1 5-3 0 Scheduling Backups by Using EM Database Control 1 5-3 1 Oracle- Suggested Strategy for Backups 1 5-3 2 Managing Tape Backups 1 5-3 3 Performing Database Recovery by Using Tape Backups 1 5-3 4 Backing Up File-System Files with Oracle Secure Backup 1 5-3 5 Oracle Secure Backup Web Tool 1 5-3 6... Using DBUA 1 9-5 Manual Upgrade: Advantages and Disadvantages 1 9-6 New Preupgrade Information Utility 1 9-7 Oracle Database 10g: Simplified Upgrade 1 9-8 New Postupgrade Status Utility 1 9-9 Properly Prepared Upgrade 1 9-1 0 Using Database Upgrade Assistant 1 9-1 1 Recompiling Invalid Objects 1 9-1 2 Backing Up the Database Before Upgrade 1 9-1 3 Upgrade Summary 1 9-1 4 Performing the Manual Upgrade 1 9-1 5 Downgrading... Support for the Grid 1 4-4 5 Enhanced RMAN Scripts 1 4-4 6 Setting Duration and Throttling Option 1 4-4 7 Database Control: Backup Reports 1 4-4 8 Summary 1 4-4 9 Practice 14: Overview 1 4-5 0 15 Oracle Secure Backup Overview Objectives 1 5-2 Data Protection to Tape for the Oracle Stack 1 5-3 The Customer Advantage Complete Oracle Solution 1 5-4 xiv Oracle Secure Backup for Centralized Tape Backup Management 1 5-5 Oracle. .. Script 1 9-2 0 MetaLink Integration 1 9-2 1 OPatch Utility 1 9-2 2 OPatch Operations 1 9-2 4 Support for RAC Environments 1 9-2 5 OPatch Process Flow 1 9-2 6 Patch Conflict Detection 1 9-2 8 Summary 1 9-2 9 20 Security Objectives 2 0-2 Virtual Private Database: Overview 2 0-3 Virtual Private Database: Enhancements 2 0-4 Column-Level VPD: Example 2 0-5 Creating a Column-Level Policy 2 0-6 Policy Types: Overview 2 0-7 Static... 1 6-5 Flashback Database: Eliminating Restore Time 1 6-6 Flashback Database Architecture 1 6-7 Configuring Flashback Database Using EM 1 6-8 Flashing Back Your Database by Using EM 1 6-9 Manually Configuring Flashback Database 1 6-1 0 Flashback Database: Examples 1 6-1 1 Monitoring Flashback Database 1 6-1 2 Excluding Tablespaces from Flashback Database 1 6-1 3 Flashback Database: Considerations 1 6-1 4 Flashing Back... Enhancements 1 6-4 6 Granting Flashback Privileges 1 6-4 7 When to Use Flashback Technology 1 6-4 8 Flashback Technology: Benefits 1 6-4 9 Summary 1 6-5 0 Practice 16: Overview 1 6-5 1 17 General Space Management Enhancements Objectives 1 7-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 1 7-3 SYSAUX Tablespace: Overview 1 7-4 SYSAUX Tablespace: Benefits 1 7-5 SYSAUX Occupants 1 7-6 CREATE DATABASE 1 7-7 ALTER TABLESPACE... no dynamic sampling support in Oracle Database 10g for fixed tables Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators 8-5 Statistics on Dictionary Objects GATHER_FIXED_OBJECTS_STATS Dictionary tables Fixed tables GATHER _DATABASE_ STATS GATHER_DICTIONARY_STATS 8-6 Copyright © 2005, Oracle All rights reserved Statistics on Dictionary Objects Starting with Oracle Database 10g, you should gather statistics... dbms_stats.gather_fixed_objects_stats('ALL'); Note: For more information about DBMS_STATS procedures, see the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference guide Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators 8-7 Miscellaneous Statistics-Related Changes The DBMS_STATS package has new values: • For the GRANULARITY argument: – AUTO – GLOBAL AND PARTITION • For the DEGREE parameter: – AUTO_DEGREE 8-8 Copyright © 2005, Oracle All... Administrative Domain 1 5-6 Oracle Secure Backup: Backup Management Overview 1 5-7 Oracle Secure Backup Catalog 1 5-8 Oracle Secure Backup Users 1 5-9 Predefined Classes 1 5-1 0 Oracle Secure Backup Interface Options 1 5-1 1 Managing Data to Be Protected 1 5-1 2 Oracle Secure Backup Media Concepts 1 5-1 3 Volume Set Recycling 1 5-1 4 Automated Device Management 1 5-1 5 Library Management Operations 1 5-1 6 Oracle Secure Backup:... Using EM 1 1-7 Creating and Using Schedules 1 1-8 Using EM to Create Schedules 1 1-9 Calendaring Expressions 1 1-1 0 Creating a Job 1 1-1 2 Creating a Time-Based Job 1 1-1 3 Setting the Repeat Interval for a Job 1 1-1 5 Using Events with Jobs 1 1-1 6 Event-Based Scheduling 1 1-1 7 Creating an Event-Based Job 1 1-1 8 Events Raised by the Scheduler 1 1-1 9 Using Events Raised by Jobs 1 1-2 1 Using EM to Create Event-Based Schedules . Oracle Database 10g - New Features For Administrators Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators Volume II • Student. Challenges I-17 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database I-18 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time I-19 Further Information I-20 Suggested