Assessment of the current environmental status in thanh hoa city, thanh hoa province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN AN PHI TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS IN THANH HOA CITY, THANH HOA PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental science and management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : K48 Thai Nguyen, 2020 ACADEMIC STAFF CONTACT AND BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Student name Student ID Thesis Title Supervisor (s) Supervisor’s Abstract: Thanh Hoa city is a big city with a long history of development, with great potential for socio-economic development However, the risk of environmental pollution arising in the process of urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of the city is also an inevitable problem Identifying the main cause of the bad environmental change here is often due to the dense urban population, dense traffic activity, gathering many industrial zones such as Le Mon, Hoang Long, Northwest Station Therefore, the monitoring and assessment of the current environmental status to capture timely information, to build a data system on the current state and developments of the city's environmental components, to make forecasts on environmental development to help prevent environmental disasters is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed The following report collects environmental data of key areas subject to great human impacts and inherits data from the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thanh Hoa City in 2020 Then, make data tables and charts to monitor environmental developments through periodic environmental surveys Give comments on the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city The content of the report includes environmental indicators on soil, continental surface water, and air, important issues most affected Finally, making conclusions about the current environmental situation and proposing ways to handle and prevent bad changes in the environment in Thanh Hoa city Keywords Number of pages 67 Date of i ACKNOWLEDEMENT To graduate and finish the studying and training process following Ho Chi Minh's ethical example at the University of Agriculture and Forestry in the past years, students need to equip the theoretical knowledge that has been learned in the University environment and knowledge practical Therefore, the graduation internship is the final stage to help students accumulate more practical knowledge and create a prerequisite experience for future work In order to grasp the theoretical basis, how to apply it in practice, and working methods Stemming from practical training requirements, with the consent of the Board of Directors of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the Advanced Program Office, and the teacher-supervisor Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai, I was deployed the topic: "Assessment the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province" To complete the internship and graduation thesis, I received the enthusiastic guidance of teacher Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and the assistance of Thanh Hoa City People's Committee, Thanh Hoa Province I would like to express my deep gratitude for the dedicated guidance of the teacher Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and teachers and staff of the Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry I would like to thank Thanh Hoa City People's Committee, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, friends, and family members for all their help, creating conditions for me to perform well during the experience accumulation process During the process of practicing and completing the assigned topic, there are many difficulties about the epidemic and my limited capacity, but I have tried to overcome it so that I can complete the best according to my ability We hope to receive comments from teachers and friends to make your topic more complete I am extremely grateful! ii TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledement TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationable 1.1.1 Overview of Thanh Hoa City 1.1.2 The importance of the thesis 1.2 Research’s Objective 1.3 Research’s question and hypothesis 1.4 Limitations PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The scientific basis of the thesis: 2.1.1 Theoretical basis 2.1.2 Scientific basis of the topic 2.1.3 The legal basis of the topic 2.2 The practical basis of the topic 2.2.1 Current environmental status in Vietnam 2.2.2 Current Environmental Situation in Thanh Hoa Province: PART III METHODS 3.1 Object and scope of the study 3.1.1 Research subjects: 3.1.2 Research scope: 3.2 Research method: 3.2.1 Methods, data collection investigation, secondary data: 3.1.2 Analytical sampling method: 3.1.3 Methods of data processing: 3.1.4 Comparative comparison method: iii Part IV RESULTS 23 4.1 Overview of natural and socio-economic conditions of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province 23 4.1.1 Natural condition 23 4.1.2 Social and economic conditions: 25 4.2 Assessment of the environmental status of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province 29 4.2.1 Assessment of current land environment 29 4.2.1 Assess the current state of surface water: 36 4.3 Assessment of the current air-noise environment 45 Part V : DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 54 5.1 Discusstion 54 5.1.1 Overall assessment of the analyzed environmental data 54 5.1.2 Solution for the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city 55 5.2 Conclusion 56 5.2.1 Conclusion on the current environmental status of Thanh Hoa city 56 5.2.2 Suggestions and recommendations 58 Reference 60 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.14 Administrative map of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province 23 Figure 4.1 Diagram of environmental changes in agricultural land in Quang Hung ward 31 Figure 4.2 Diagram of environmental changes in agricultural land in Dong Hai ward 33 Figure 4.3 Diagram of environmental changes in agricultural land in Quang Thang ward 35 Figure 4.5 Diagram of development in the water environment at Dong Huong suspension bridge, Dong Huong ward 39 Figure 4.6 Diagram of development in the water environment at the North canal of Mat Son mountain, Quang Thang ward 41 Figure 4.7 Diagram of development in water environment at Cong An lake, Ba Dinh ward 43 Figure 4.8 Diagram of development in the water environment at Truong Thi lake, Truong Thi ward 45 Figure 4.9 Diagram of development of the air environment in a residential area near Tay Bac Ga Industrial Park Station 46 Figure 4.10 Diagram of development of the air environment in the residential area near Hoang Long Industrial Park, Hoang Long Commune 48 Figure 4.11 Diagram of development of the air environment at Phu Son intersection, Phu Son ward 50 Figure 4.12 Diagram of development of the air environment at Nhoi confluence, An Hoach ward 51 Figure 4.13 Diagram of development of the air environment at Hong Duc School, Dong Son Ward 53 v LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Results of analyzing current agricultural land in Quang Hung ward 29 Table 4.2 Results of analyzing current agricultural land in Dong Hai ward 32 Table 4.3 Results of the analysis of the current agricultural land status of Quang Thang ward 34 Table 4.4 Results of the analysis of the current state of surface water at the Ba Giang crossroad, Thieu Duong commune 36 Figure 4.4 Diagram of development in the water environment at Giang junction, Thieu Duong commune 37 Table 4.5 Analysis results of the current state of surface water at Dong Huong suspension bridge 38 Table 4.6 Results of the analysis of the current state of surface water in the Bac Canal of Mat Son Mountain 40 Table 4.7 Results of the analysis of the current state of surface water in Cong An lake 42 Table 4.8 Analysis results of the current state of surface water at Truong Thi lake 44 Table 4.9 Results analyzing the current air condition in the residential area next to the Tay Bac Ga Station Industrial Park 46 Table 4.10 Results of analyzing the current air environment in Hoang Long commune 47 Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in An Hoach ward 49 Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Nhoi junction, An Hoach ward 50 Table 4.13 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Dong Son ward 52 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Ntotal : Total nitrogen Kdt : Easily digested potassium Pdt : Easily digestible phosphorus vii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationable 1.1.1 Overview of Thanh Hoa City Thanh Hoa city is a large and long-standing city on both sides of the Ma River, located in the old Dong Son cultural area and the main North-South road traffic axis, so this place is the hub for the development of cultural, economics, political, and technology of Thanh Hoa province The geographical location is classified as favorable when it is only 16 km east of Sam Son beach, with National Highway 1A running through (the arterial traffic route connecting the North to the South of the country), far from Laos 135km west Therefore, Thanh Hoa City plays a role as a place of economic and cultural intersection between the North-central region with Laos and the Central-South provinces The advantage of the Ma River is that it is a waterway connecting with the estuary, affecting the circulation and production of goods is not small In terms of landscapes, Thanh Hoa city has more than 50 national-level historic sites which are planned, creating conditions for the development of the third economic sector in combination with large human resources and high professional qualifications cultural integration of Vietnam with the international Regarding population and social development, there are a total of 20 wards and 17 communes, with a population of 406,550 people on an area of 146.77 km² To be planned and invested in urban infrastructure, works of electricity, water, post and telecommunications, and urban traffic relatively synchronous, meeting all citizens' needs Regarding infrastructure investment, in order to catch up with the trend of urban development, Thanh Hoa city has received investment from domestic and foreign capital sources in the construction projects of industrial parks and urban areas market A typical example is the Dong Huong urban area project, Thanh Hoa city with a huge investment capital of 1215 billion VND, which was auctioned and deployed from September 26, 2019 (Tran Lam.2020) 1.1.2 The importance of the thesis The above preliminary figures show the stature and rapid growth of Grade I cities such as Thanh Hoa city in terms of population, industrial economy, and services (Thanh Hoa city portal) However, the consequences always entail significant environmental impacts such as the problems of the soil environment, water resources, terrestrial ecosystems - underwater, and air Damaged environmental status due to human activities is a hot issue and prompt intervention is required to protect the environment Therefore, the first urgent thing given here is the need to collect environmental data, calculate the effects caused by each agent Then, based on the results of the environmental data survey to make an environmental quality assessment to build recommendations and proposals to environmental authorities and agencies to overcome, and preventing environmental pollution at all levels 1.2 Research’s Objective There are main research objectives that the thesis mentions are: - Assessment the current environmental status (soil, water, air) of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province - Proposing some solutions for environmental management of Thanh Hoa city 1.3 Research’s question and hypothesis - Is the current land environment of Thanh Hoa city polluted? - What is the current state of water environment in Thanh Hoa city? - What is the current state of air environment in Thanh Hoa city ? - What is an effective solution for the current state of the polluted environment in Thanh Hoa city? 1.4 Limitations - The limitation of the topic is that the area of environmental impact assessment is too large, which will make the data lose its objectivity in some areas that not have the conditions to survey From there, giving the reasonable solutions to solve environmental problems for each area as thoroughly as possible Simulation index Variation of environmental results 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 PM10 TSP SO2 CO Noise Environmental indiators Analysis results Phase (January) Analysis results Phase (March) Analysis results 3rd phase (May) Analysis results phase (July) Analysis results Phase (September) Analysis results QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4.11 Diagram of development of the air environment at Phu Son intersection, Phu Son ward Comments: - PM10 dust content always increases according to air quality surveys TSP dust and noise here fluctuate unevenly and always exceed the limit set by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - Gases such as SO2, NO2, CO tend to increase or decrease unevenly within the highest permissible limit of toxic gas d) Analysis of the current atmospheric environment at Nhoi junction, An Hoach ward Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Nhoi junction, An Hoach ward Num ber Index PM10 TSP SO2 NO2 CO Noise 50 (Source: Thanh Hoa City Department of Natural Resources and Environment) Comment: The data table shows that the survey results of dust PM 10, SO2, NO2, CO maintained at a stable level without much fluctuation and within the standards in Vietnamese standards TSP suspended dust concentration in An Hoach ward has a big difference when it exceeds the permitted limit from 1.3 to 1.43 times, the dust index fluctuates in the range of 260 to 286 μg / m The noise in the air exceeded the limit in the first three surveys and then fell slightly below the limit thereafter Simulation index Variation of environmental results 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 PM10 TSP CO Noise Environmental indicators Analysis results Phase (January) Analysis results Phase (March) Analysis results 3rd phase (May) Analysis results phase (July) Analysis results Phase (September) Analysis results QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4.12 Diagram of development of the air environment at Nhoi confluence, An Hoach ward Comment: The evolution of dust, noxious gas and noise levels in An Hoach ward have the same uneven change status according to the surveys Only TSP dust content and noise index always exceed the limits, the remaining indicators are at a safe level e) Analyzing the current air environment in the residential area near Hong Duc school, Dong Son ward 51 Table 4.13 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Dong Son ward Number (Source: Thanh Hoa City Department of Natural Resources and Environment) Comment: In Dong Son ward, the biggest problem in air quality is clearly shown in the chart in the PM10 dust index and TSP suspended dust and noise level, while the PM10 dust index has small fluctuations when exceeded the limit of only μg / m3 in the first and fifth survey The suspended dust content here also always exceeded the limit in the measurement phase, specifically, the index exceeded the standard to allow variation from 10 to 60 μg / m3 Although the noise index only exceeded the limit of 3.1 dBA in the 5th survey, the noise here is always close to the limit The remaining indicators such as SO2, NO2, CO are always much lower than the standards set by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 52 Variation of environmental results 400 Simulation index 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 PM10 Analysis results Phase Analysis results 3rd phase (May) Analysis results Phase Figure 4.13 Diagram of development of the air environment at Hong Duc School, Dong Son Ward Comment: - The fluctuation of dust content of PM 10, TSP and gas SO2, NO2, CO is not equal in the survey Particularly, the dust index PM10 and TSP are beyond the limit There is a very small difference in the noise in the air 53 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discusstion 5.1.1 Overall assessment of the analyzed environmental data The results of the analysis of environmental data are given in part IV, completely meeting the research target of the current environmental situation in Thanh Hoa city The actual results show that the current environmental situation here is under the impact of environmental pollution, potentially leading to bad changes in the future Typically, the surface water situation is affected by waste and public waste - agriculture, services, domestic activities, so the data shows that the concentration of suspended solids in the water is always higher than that of drainage standards allow The surface water layer mixed with wastes produced many typical harmful bacteria such as coliforms, the data showed that the number of these bacteria in the water at some monitoring points exceeded the limit to the threshold 306 times The soil condition is also affected, making the pH in the delta area of Thanh Hoa city uneven, and there are places where the soil is too acidic to cultivate On the other hand, due to being affected by waste, many soil samples are contaminated with heavy metals such as copper and arsenic, in the future, there is a risk of exceeding the permitted standards when the measured indicators are very close to the limit In terms of air, the main reason is the development of urban traffic and industries generating smog Therefore, the air here has a high suspended dust index The results of the surveys showed that the data was not uniform in each batch The variation between the numbers in the figures is too great However, it is still possible to make forecasts about environmental changes in the future, most recently in 2021 through the fluctuation of pollution indicators The above study shows the current environmental status of Thanh Hoa city To introduce preventive measures in the future according to each specific case and overcome the consequences in 2020 The solution to the above situation largely depends on people's awareness of environmental protection Therefore, the government and agencies need to promote more environmental protection, to raise awareness of the people In parallel with the 54 form of strict sanctions against acts of environmental destruction, encouraging people to use public transport, minimizing traffic flow as much as possible, investing in high-tech development economic sectors to minimize and maximize the risk of environmental pollution 5.1.2 Solution for the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city • Solution for the general situation: The current environmental situation in Thanh Hoa city is affected by environmental pollution and has been deteriorating Therefore, the proposed solutions to solve the situation include: Focus on fighting and preventing environmental crime by increasing the operation of the environmental police force Strictly handle environmental pollution cases in accordance with the Environment Code and the Penal Code Agencies and agencies need to conduct an assessment of the impact of imported technologies, materials, and goods on the environment before they are imported and put into use Focusing on building management apparatus, the human resources system to strengthen environmental management capacity In addition, to increase investment in modernizing technical equipment for the management and treatment of various types of waste and wastewater Develop a project on a breakthrough mechanism to mobilize resources, attract investment, socialize and protect the environment, strictly comply with the principles: “People who benefit from the environment are obliged to contribute financially to environmental protection; People causing environmental pollution, incidents and degradation must overcome and compensate for damage ” Strengthen propaganda and mobilize people to participate in environmental protection, waste separation at source, and waste collection; actively providing information, promoting the role of the media in environmental protection Promote international cooperation and application of science and technology Increase investment in human resources and human resources for international cooperation on the environment, actively participate in building international 55 cooperation strategies of the environmental sector, identify strategic cooperation directions, and focus on issues problem just address the needs in the city Solution for each environmental component: • - Agricultural land environment contaminated by copper: Planting Vetiver grass, this herb has the ability to fix the metal content in the soil by absorbing or precipitating it in the roots - The continental surface water environment: Hyacinth farming in the polluted area helps to minimize the risk of pollution caused by o BOD5(20 C) and COD - Air-noise environment: The source of air pollution in Thanh Hoa city is mainly dust, so it is necessary to apply many measures to clean the urban landscape, apply the law for the construction industry and the means of transporting construction materials must be covered 5.2 Conclusion 5.2.1 Conclusion on the current environmental status of Thanh Hoa city • The current state of the surface water environment: Surface water samples surveyed were taken from points on the river and points in the freshwater lake Surface water samples taken on rivers are often polluted by high suspended + solids content, coliforms exceed the standards many times, and the index NH , - NO2 exceeds the permitted limit by a small amount Surface water samples collected in freshwater lakes inside residential areas o are often polluted due to very high levels of BOD (20 C), COD, and coliforms compared to the standards of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment The water quality of rivers and lakes at the monitoring points is not qualified for use as a water source for domestic use The cause of high pollution indicators is mainly due to wastewater and the municipal waste being washed away directly into rivers or accumulated in lakes and ponds In the rainy season, the concentration of pollutants is higher than that in the dry season The reason is the waste of the industrial production establishments in the region; by people's domestic waste; due to waste 56 from agricultural production, in mining In which, the most important cause is the waste of industrial facilities Although enterprises have made great efforts in implementing the Law on Environment Protection, many enterprises have invested in building wastewater treatment systems, but the treatment efficiency is still low, the concentration of pollutants is still very high • The current state of the soil environment All land areas are at high risk of degradation According to a data survey, most of the agricultural land in Thanh Hoa city has a pH KCL index of moderate acidity, mild acidity, and neutral Total nitrogen in the soil remains high, phosphorus is readily digestible, and readily digestible nitrogen is rich in many areas Most of the soil here is contaminated with copper metal when the index of this metal is always about and beyond the standard Other metals not pollute the agricultural land here, however, the heavy metal content tends to increase over time In short, the quality of land in Thanh Hoa City is qualified for agricultural cultivation and other uses However, it is necessary to have long-term improvement measures to maintain the soil properties, not degenerate and contaminated heavy metals • The Current of air-noise situation The general situation that the whole Thanh Hoa city suffers from suspended dust concentrations which exceed the standards in most of the surveyed areas ranged from about 210 to 286 μg / m3 Some other areas such as An Hoach ward, Phu Son ward are at risk of pollution due to the PM 10 dust content because the dust content is always bulk and exceeds the limit during some surveys during the year The reason for the air pollution caused by dust is that the traffic in Thanh Hoa city is increasingly dense Noise pollution is also present in Thanh Hoa city when the noise index always exceeds the limit at places like An Hoach and Phu Son wards In general, the air quality in Thanh Hoa city is quite good as it is only polluted by dust and noise at peak hours, other pollution indicators are within the standards of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Residents can avoid dust and 57 noise by many measures, so the air conditioner is not a concern 5.2.2 Suggestions and recommendations - Thanh Hoa City People's Committee needs to strengthen inspection, management, monitoring, and the environment for all key areas such as industrial parks, craft villages, and residential areas Strictly manage production models from the size of the province, district, or lower To expand incentive mechanisms and policies to attract investment in clean industries - Carry out more surveys on the actual state of the environment to monitor and promptly adapt to environmental pollution agents - Develop an environmental indicator set based on observed data over the years to overcome and prevent bad developments of environmental pollution - Encourage the application of modern technologies to environmental management systems, industrial and agricultural production models, and wastewaste treatment models Deploy the model of modern, civilized residential areas, convert the use of fossil fuels, and save energy, electricity, and water - Increasing budget investment in planning urban infrastructure, wastewater- waste treatment infrastructure, clean waterworks for the people, and other environmental protection projects - Strengthen communication to the community on plans and solutions for implementation, condensing, and concretizing the implementation content for each level, department, branch, unions, and residents - Implement the policy of rewarding, penalty, exempting, reducing fees, or providing 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Treating wastewater by hyacinth like? Retrieved from: link https://moitruonghaidang.com/xu-ly-nuoc-thai-bang-beo-tay/ ( accessed on 27/04/2020) 62 ... noise In Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province 3.1.2 Research scope: - Scope of content: The thesis assesses the current environmental status of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province on main indicators:... 25 4.2 Assessment of the environmental status of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province 29 4.2.1 Assessment of current land environment 29 4.2.1 Assess the current state of surface water:... mentions are: - Assessment the current environmental status (soil, water, air) of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province - Proposing some solutions for environmental management of Thanh Hoa city 1.3