Tài liệu Introduction to AutoCAD 2009 2D and 3D Design- P6 pdf

This page intentionally left blank Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 239 3D models in viewports AIM OF THIS CHAPTER The aim of this chapter is to give examples of 3D solid models constructed in multiple viewport settings. Chapter 13 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 13 240 Setting up viewport systems One of the better methods of constructing 3D models is in different multiple viewports. This allows what is being constructed to be seen from a variety of viewing positions. Set up multiple viewports as follows: 1. Click New in the View/Viewports panel ( Fig. 13.1 ). The Viewports dialog appears ( Fig. 13.2 ). In the dialog: Fig. 13.1 Selecting New from the View / Viewports panel. Fig. 13.2 The Viewports dialog 2. Click the New Viewports tab and a number of named viewports systems appears in the Standard Viewports list in the dialog. 3. Click the name Four: Equal , followed by a click on 3D in the Setup pop-up list. A preview of the Four: Equal viewports screen appears showing the views appearing in each of the four viewports. 4. Click in each viewport in the dialog in turn, followed by selecting Conceptual from the Visual Style pop-up list. 5. Click the OK button of the dialog and the AutoCAD 2009 drawing area appears showing the four viewport layout. 6. Click in each viewport in turn and Zoom to All . Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 3D models in viewports CHAPTER 13 241 The result is shown in Fig. 13.3 . First example – Four: Equal viewports ( Fig. 13.7 ) Figure 13.4 shows a fi rst angle orthographic projection of a support. To construct a Scale 1:1 3D model of the support in a Four: Equal viewport setting, proceed as follows: 1. Click View in the View/Viewports panel. In the Viewports dialog make sure the 3D option is selected from the Setup pop-up list and Conceptual from the Visual Style pop-up menu and click the OK button of the dialog. The AutoCAD 2009 drawing area appears in a Four: Equal viewport setting. 2. Click in each viewport in turn, making the selected viewport active, and Zoom to 1 . 3. Using the Polyline tool, construct the outline of the plan view of the plate of the support, including the holes in the Top viewport ( Fig. 13.5 ). Note the views in the other viewports. 4. Call the Extrude tool from the Home/3D Modeling panel and extrude the plan outline and the circles to a height of 20 . 5. With Subtract from the Home/Solids Editing panel, subtract the holes from the plate ( Fig. 13.6 ). 6. Call the Box tool and in the centre of the plate construct a box of Width ϭ 60 , Length ϭ 60 and Height ϭ 30 . 7. Call the Cylinder tool and in the centre of the box construct a cylinder of Radius ϭ 20 and of Height ϭ 30 . Fig. 13.3 The Four: Equal viewports layout Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 13 242 Fig. 13.5 The plan view drawn 8. Call Subtract and subtract the cylinder from the box. 9. Click in the Right viewport, and, with the Move tool, move the box and its hole into the correct position with regard to the plate. 10. With Union , form a union of the plate and box. 11. Click in the Front viewport and construct a triangle of one of the webs attached between the plate and the box. With Extrude , extrude the triangle to a height of 10 . With the Mirror tool, mirror the web to the other side of the box. Fig. 13.4 Orthographic projection of the support for the fi rst example Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 3D models in viewports CHAPTER 13 243 12. Click in the Right viewport and with the Move tool, move the two webs into their correct position between the box and plate. Then, with Union , form a union between the webs and the 3D model. 13. In the Right viewport, construct the other two webs and in the Front viewport, move, mirror and union the webs as in steps 12 and 13 . Figure 13.7 shows the resulting 4-viewport scene. Fig. 13.6 The four views after using the Extrude and Subtract tools Fig. 13.7 First example – Four: Equal viewports Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 13 244 Second example – Four: Left viewports ( Fig. 13.9 ) 1. Open the Four: Left viewport layout from the Viewports dialog. 2. Make a new layer of colour magenta and make that layer current. 3. In the Top viewport construct an outline of the web of the Support Bracket shown in Fig. 13.8 . With the Extrude tool, extrude the parts of the web to a height of 20 . Fig. 13.8 Working drawing for the second example 4. With the Subtract tool, subtract the holes from the web. 5. In the Top viewport, construct two cylinders central to the extrusion, one of radius 50 and height 30, the second of radius 40 and height 30. With the Subtract tool, subtract the smaller cylinder from the larger. 6. Click in the Front viewport and move the cylinders vertically by 5 units. With Union form a union between the cylinders and the web. 7. Still in the Front viewport and at one end of the union, construct two cylinders, the fi rst of radius 10 and height 80 , the second of radius 15 and height 80 . Subtract the smaller from the larger. 8. With the Mirror tool, mirror the cylinders to the other end of the union. 9. Make the Top viewport current and with the Move tool, move the cylinders to their correct position at the ends of the union. Form a union between all parts on screen. 10. Make the Isometric viewport current. From the Home/View panel select Realistic . Figure 13.9 shows the result. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 3D models in viewports CHAPTER 13 245 Third example – Three: Right viewports ( Fig. 13.11 ) 1. Open the Three: Right viewport layout from the Viewports dialog. Make sure the 3D setup is chosen. 2. Make a new layer of colour Green and make that layer current. 3. In the Front viewport (top left), construct a pline outline to the dimensions in Fig. 13.10 . 4. Call the Revolve tool from the Home/3D Modeling panel and revolve the outline through 360 °. 5. In each of the three viewports in the Home/View panel select Conceptual from its pop-up list. The result is shown in Fig. 13.11 . Fig. 13.9 Second example – Four: Left viewports Fig. 13.10 Third example – outline for solid of revolution Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 13 246 Fig. 13.11 Third example – Three: Right viewports N o t e 1. When working in viewport layouts such as in the above three examples, it is important to make good use of the Zoom tool, mainly because the viewports are smaller than the single viewport when working in AutoCAD 2009. 2. As in all other forms of constructing drawings in AutoCAD 2009 frequent toggling of SNAP , ORTHO and GRID will allow speedier and more accurate working. REVISION NOTES 1. Outlines suitable for use when constructing 3D models can be constructed using the 2D tools such as Line , Arc , Circle , and Polyline . Such outlines must be changed either to closed polylines or to regions before being incorporated in 3D models. 2. The use of multiple viewports can be of value when constructing 3D models in that various views of the model appear, enabling the operator to check the accuracy of the 3D appearance throughout the construction period. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 3D models in viewports CHAPTER 13 247 Fig. 13.13 Exercise 2 Exercises Methods of constructing answers to the following exercises can be found in the free website: http://www.books.elsevier.com/companions/9780750689830 1. Using the Cylinder , Box , Sphere , Wedge and Fillet tools, together with the Union and Subtract tools and working to any sizes thought suitable, construct the ‘ head ’ as shown in the Three: Right viewport as shown in Fig. 13.12 . 3D models in viewports 247 2. Using the tools Sphere , Box , Union and Subtract and working to the dimensions given in Fig. 13.14 , construct the 3D solid model as shown by the isometric drawing in Fig. 13.13 . Fig. 13.12 Exercise 1 Fig. 13.14 Exercise 2 – working drawings 3. Each link of the chain shown in Fig. 13.15 has been constructed using the tool Extrude and extruding a small circle along an elliptical path. Copies of the link were then made, half of which were rotated in a Right view and then Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... can be made up from 3D model drawings 3 3D models saved as blocks can be inserted into other drawings via the DesignCenter 4 Arrays of 3D model drawings can be constructed in 3D space using the 3D Array tool 5 3D models can be mirrored in 3D space using the 3D Mirror tool 6 3D models can be rotated in 3D space using the 3D Rotate tool 7 3D models can be cut into parts with the Slice tool 8 Sectional views... watermark Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 14 254 Fig 14.9 Example of constructing a 3D model 7 With the Union tool form a union of the array and other two solids 8 Set the ViewCube/Right view 9 Construct a cylinder of radius 30 and height 25 and another of radius 25 and height 60 central to the lower part of the 3D solid so far formed 10 Set the ViewCube/Top view and with the Move tool move the... The 3D Rotate tool Example – 3D Rotate (Fig 14.20) 1 Use the same 3D model of a bowl as for the last example Call the 3D Rotate tool from the 3D Operations sub-menu of the Modify dropdown menu The command line shows: Command: pick 3D Rotate from the Modify drop-down menu 3DROTATE Fig 14.19 Second example – 3D Mirror – the result in a front view Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove... Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 14 264 Fig 14.32 The views using the ViewCube Fig 14.33 Calling the Viewpoint Presets dialog and the pop-up menu in the Home/View panel Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark Note The Relative to UCS radio button must be checked on to allow the 3D model to position along the two... examples of the use of the tools from the Home/Solid Editing panel: ● 3D Array – Rectangular and Polar 3D arrays ● 3D Mirror ● 3D Rotate 4 to give examples of the use of the Section tool from the Home/Solid Editing panel; 5 to give examples of the use of the Helix tool; 6 to give an example of construction involving Dynamic Input; 7 to show how to obtain different views of 3D models in 3D space using the ViewCube... this chapter are: 1 to construct a template for 3D modelling to be used as the drawing window for further work in 3D in this book; 2 to introduce the use of the Render tools in producing photographic-like images of 3D solid models; 3 to show how to illuminate a 3D solid model to obtain good lighting effects when rendering; 4 to give examples of the rendering of 3D solid models; 5 to introduce the idea... its tool icon in the extension of the Home /3D Modeling panel (Fig 14.35) First example – Helix (Fig 14.37) 1 Construct the triangular outline shown in Fig 14.34 using the Polyline tool Make sure the pline outline is placed at right angles to the bottom Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 265 CHAPTER 14 The modification of 3D models Introduction to AutoCad 2009. .. purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 249 CHAPTER 14 250 Introduction to AutoCad 2009 Creating 3D model libraries In the same way as 2D drawings of parts such as electronics symbols, engineering parts, building symbols and the like can be saved in a file as blocks and then opened into another drawing by dragging the appropriate block drawing from the DesignCenter, so can 3D. .. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark CHAPTER 14 272 Introduction to AutoCad 2009 5 In the Top view on a layer colour blue construct the four polylines shown in Fig 14.50 Call the Extrude tool and extrude the polylines to a height of 80 and place in the Isometric view Then call Visual Styles/ Conceptual shading (Fig 14.51) Fig 14.50 Exercise 5 – outline to be extruded... source objects:? [Yes/No]: ϽNϾ: right-click Command: The result is shown in Fig 14.19 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 257 CHAPTER 14 The modification of 3D models Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 14 258 Fig 14.17 First example – 3D Mirror – before and after mirror Fig 14.18 Second example – 3D Mirror – the 3D model 3 Place in the ViewCube/Isometric view . purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 13 248248 moved into their position relative to the. 14 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Introduction to AutoCad 2009 CHAPTER 14 250 Creating 3D model libraries